Synthesis of phosphorus-containing cardanol-derived phenalkamine: a sustainable curing agent to access high-performance bio-based epoxy thermosets

Xin Wang, Jiali Huang, Lei Song and Yuan Hu

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 9269
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC03783A

A novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing hybrid flame retardant for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins

Fangli Li, Ziqin Huang, Changjiang Liu, Meini Yang, Jixiang Wu, Wenhui Rao and Chuanbai Yu

RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 8204
DOI: 10.1039/D4RA00166D

Design of degradable, intrinsically flame-retardant and high-performance tung-oil-based epoxy vitrimers

Qianyong Chang, Kun Zhang, Wenbin Li, Yanqing Wang, Ke Li, Yigang Wang, Xiaoan Nie and Jie Chen

Polym. Chem., 2025, 16, 1846
DOI: 10.1039/D5PY00141B

Phosphorus‐Based Polymeric Flame Retardants – Recent Advances and Perspectives

Indresh Singh and Akella Sivaramakrishna

ChemistrySelect, 2024, 9
DOI: 10.1002/slct.202401485

A phosphaphenanthrene-based derivative as multifunctional flame retardant for epoxy resins

Jun Yuan, Yadong Wang, Hao Wang, Shengchao Huang, Hua Deng, Wenhui Rao, Xuebao Lin and Zongmin Zhu

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2022, 179, 105375
DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105375

Poly(phosphorus‐silicon‐alkyne): Widening the application potential in epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, mechanical property, and unimpaired thermal stability

Jiaojiao Lv, Bing Chen, Botuo Zheng, Mingfeng Chen, Huawei Qiao, Shanshan Li and Huagui Zhang

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2022, 139
DOI: 10.1002/app.52896

Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin with the phytic acid‐derived flame retardant

Song Wang, Lingchen Meng, Qi Chen, Sanxi Li and Ailing Zhang

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2023, 140
DOI: 10.1002/app.54608

A P/N-containing hardener endowing bio-based epoxy thermosets with excellent thermal, mechanical and intrinsically flame-retardant performances

Wenwen Guo, Fuwei Liang, Shun Chen, Liping Jin, Chenpeng Ji, Ping Zhang and Bin Fei

Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 373, 130707
DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130707

Fabrication of a transparent, flame retardant, and antimicrobial epoxy resin by a novel phosphorus-containing Schiff base molecule

Yifang Hua, Jinxuan Chen, Jian Liu, Jun Sun, Xiaoyu Gu, Shengling Jiang and Sheng Zhang

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2023, 209, 110274
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110274

Epoxy Compositions with Reduced Flammability Based on DER-354 Resin and a Curing Agent Containing Aminophosphazenes Synthesized in Bulk Isophoronediamine

Alexey Orlov, Anastasia Konstantinova, Roman Korotkov, Pavel Yudaev, Yaroslav Mezhuev, Ivan Terekhov, Leonid Gurevich and Evgeniy Chistyakov

Polymers, 2022, 14, 3592
DOI: 10.3390/polym14173592

Strong yet tough epoxy with superior fire suppression enabled by bio-based phosphaphenanthrene towards in-situ formed Diels-Alder network

Lei Zhang, Zhi Li, Qing-Qing Bi, Lin-Yun Jiang, Xiao-Die Zhang, En Tang, Xue-Meng Cao, Hong-Fang Li, Jose Hobson and De-Yi Wang

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, 251, 110490
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110490

Simultaneously improving the thermal stability, mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin by a phosphorus/nitrogen/sulfur-containing reactive flame retardant

Chenhao Zhang, Huajun Duan, Chao Wan, Chentao Liu, Huijuan Zhao and Huiru Ma

Materials Today Communications, 2022, 30, 103108
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.103108

Construction of hierarchical SiO2 microcapsule towards flame retardation, low toxicity and mechanical enhancement of epoxy resins

Changjiang Liu, Jie Tao, Tao Wu, Hai-Bo Zhao, Chuanbai Yu and Wenhui Rao

Chemosphere, 2023, 342, 140184
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140184

Fabrication of Laminated Electrospun Fire˗Resistant Phosphorylated Poly(Vinylalcohol) Membrane for Enhanced Firefighter Safety

Manorama Tripathi, Surekha Parthasarathy and Prasun Kumar Roy

ChemistrySelect, 2024, 9
DOI: 10.1002/slct.202401571

Phosphorus‐containing benzoxazine modified epoxy resin: High flame retardancy, low dielectric, and low water absorption

Jiuhong Liu, Jie Liu, Guangrui Yu, Yueqiu Li, Qing Yu, Yuxi Han, Zhongwei Wang and Jijin Hou

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2024, 141
DOI: 10.1002/app.55085

The effects of a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing diphenol on the flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Maryam Vakili, Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje and Mohsen Hajibeygi

Colloid Polym Sci, 2024, 302, 79
DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05182-2

Amino Phenyl Copper Phosphate-Bridged Reactive Phosphaphenanthrene to Intensify Fire Safety of Epoxy Resins

Huiyu Chai, Weixi Li, Shengbing Wan, Zheng Liu, Yafen Zhang, Yunlong Zhang, Junhao Zhang and Qinghong Kong

Molecules, 2023, 28, 623
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020623

Intrinsically flame-retardant vanillin-based PU networks with self-healing and reprocessing performances

Chaoying Hu, Jiawei Li, Xianjie Pan and Yanning Zeng

Industrial Crops and Products, 2023, 200, 116828
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116828

A novel aromatic imine-containing DOPO-based reactive flame retardant towards enhanced flame-retardant and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Shengda Wang, Shenghui Lou, Penghui Fan, Li Ma, Jie Liu and Tao Tang

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2023, 213, 110364
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110364

A DOPO-eugenol linear siloxane as a highly effective liquid flame retardant also imparting improved mechanical properties to an epoxy amine network

Houlei Gan, Rusheni B. Senanayake, Srinivas Nunna, Juan Zhang, Asanka P. Basnayake, Michael T. Heitzmann and Russell J. Varley

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 498, 155293
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155293

An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the auto-ignition delay times of trimethyl phosphate-in-air mixtures

Frederick Nii Ofei Bruce, Ruining He, Ren Xuan, Bai Xin, Yue Ma and Yang Li

Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2024, 17, 100237
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100237

Study on a novel high-temperature carbonizing intumescent gel foam with excellent coal spontaneous combustion inhibitory and extinguishing properties based on expandable graphite and DOPO

Cheng Chen, Dongyue Zhao, Zhong Xu, Shibin Nie, Zongquan Zhao, Jingwen Wang, Xinyu Huang and Wei Zhao

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 727, 138388
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.138388

Engineering flame retardant epoxy resins with strengthened mechanical property by using reactive catechol functionalized DOPO compounds

Delai Jiao, Hengji Zhao, Haofei Sima, Chunzu Cheng, Bo Liu and Chunling Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 485, 149910
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.149910

A bio‐based reactive P/N synergistic flame retardant for improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Chenchen Wang, Bin Ren, Rui Ma and Xiuyun Li

Polymer Engineering & Sci, 2024, 64, 4730
DOI: 10.1002/pen.26877

Reactive microencapsulated flame retardant for simultaneously enhancing flame retardancy, thermal insulation and mechanical properties of epoxy composites

Liyue Suo, Qiaoxiang Kang, Fusen Zhang, Zhitao Yang, Lijuan Yang, Xueqing Xu, Zhiwang Yang, Li Li and Ziqiang Lei

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2026, 216, 110161
DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.110161

Synthesis of a vanillin-derived bisDOPO co-curing agent rendering epoxy thermosets simultaneously improved flame retardancy, mechanical strength and transparency

Haoxin Niu, Guanlong Wu, Xin Wang, Hongliang Ding and Yuan Hu

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2023, 211, 110333
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110333

Synthesis of a tris(DOPO-grafted piperazine)-triazine phosphoramide and its application as a highly efficient flame retardant for epoxy resins

Gang Tang, Yang Hu, Yuan Fang, Mengfan Guan, Zedong Gong, Guodong Wang, Dan Deng and Xiuyu Liu

J Therm Anal Calorim, 2024, 149, 9233
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-024-13508-7

Unleashing the Power of Bio-based Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Modifiers: Toughening and Reinforcing Petroleum-based Epoxy Resin without Compromising Other Properties

Qing-Yun Lu, Hong-Wei Gu, Jia-Hui Li, Qian-Qian Fan, Bei-Tao Liu, Yan Kou, Xi-Gao Jian and Zhi-Huan Weng

Chin J Polym Sci, 2024, 42, 1093
DOI: 10.1007/s10118-024-3149-x

Synthesis of reactive flame retardant containing Si–P–S–N and its application in cotton fabric

Jialong Tian, Wenhui Yu, Jiang Pan, Kuang Wang, Zhenming Qi, Ling Lin, Jinmei Wang and Chunxia Wang

Cellulose, 2023, 30, 2551
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-022-04991-y

Enhancing flame retardancy and dielectric performance of epoxy resins through benzoxazine-phosphorus modification

Jiuhong Liu, Mei Wu, Zhenye Fu, Jie Liu, Guangrui Yu, Qing Yu, Yuxi Han and Zhongwei Wang

Polymer, 2024, 305, 127173
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127173

Simultaneous Enhancement of Flame Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Phosphorus and Silver-Based Additives

Tăchiță Vlad-Bubulac, Corneliu Hamciuc, Diana Serbezeanu, Ana-Maria Macsim, Gabriela Lisa, Ion Anghel, Dana-Maria Preda, Yuri Kalvachev and Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu

Molecules, 2023, 28, 5650
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155650

Vanillin-based BDBEP enhances the comprehensive performance of trifunctional NNDG epoxy resin

Xiaoge Li, Yuting Dong, Zhiyong Li, Xiangyan Ji, Jingjing Meng and Kai Guo

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2025, 216, 106419
DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106419

Designing flame retardants for epoxy resins with generative AI for preventing battery thermal runaway propagation

Pooya Jafari, Guofeng Ye, Junling Wang, Tao Chu, Boyou Hou, Di Wu, Siqi Huo, Hao Wang, Ziqi Sun and Pingan Song

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.044

P/N Flame Retardant Based on a Pyrimidine Ring for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Mechanical Properties, and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

Bolun Li, Liwei Li, Yangwen Mao and Haopeng Cai

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2023, 5, 1756
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01869

Bio-based flame retardants containing a biphenyl unit for enhancing mechanical properties and fire safety of epoxy resins

Bin Ren, Chenchen Wang, Rui Ma, Ying Huang and Xiuyun Li

High Performance Polymers, 2024, 36, 188
DOI: 10.1177/09540083241227589

Natural resin-derived urushiol-based phosphorylation derivative towards flame-retardant and mechanically strong epoxy resin

Kai-Xing Liang, Jia-Lin Chen, Yu-Cai Lin, Wei-Bin Bai and Rong-Kun Jian

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2024, 229, 110985
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110985

Synergistic Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Enhancement of Vinyl Ester Resin via Chemically Bonded ADOTP and Carbon Fiber Reinforcement

Bing Liu, Min Zhao, Hongshuo Cao, Jiangman Sun, Yangyang Gao, Yue Xing and Xiubing Liang

Polymer Composites, 2026, 47, 6126
DOI: 10.1002/pc.70546