Harnessing chemistry for plant-like machines: from soft robotics to energy harvesting in the phytosphere

Isabella Fiorello, Yuanquan Liu, Behnam Kamare and Fabian Meder

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 6246
DOI: 10.1039/D4CC06661H

The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces

Fernando Galembeck, Leandra P. Santos, Thiago A. L. Burgo and Andre Galembeck

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 2578
DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00763D

A shadow enabled non-invasive probe for multi-feature intelligent liquid surveillance system

Lizhen Lian, Qian Zhang, Wenbo Li, Bin Wang and Qijie Liang

Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 1176
DOI: 10.1039/D3NR04983C

A self-powered wearable brain–machine-interface system for ceasing action

Wang Xiang, Yan Xie, Yechao Han, Zhihe Long, Wanglinhan Zhang, Tianyan Zhong, Shan Liang, Lili Xing, Xinyu Xue and Yang Zhan

Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 4671
DOI: 10.1039/D1NR08168C

Harnessing dual forms of water energy for all-weather high-performance electricity generation using amorphous slurry

Wenna Ge, Quanmao Wei, Wenzong Li, Xu Wang, Chenguang Lu, Keke Zhang, Xuanqi Luo, Lemin Zhang, Yu Sun and Yahua Liu

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 6557
DOI: 10.1039/D5EE01315A

Triboelectric nanogenerators with groove textures and carbon fillers for self-powered cathodic protection

Weixu Yang, Zepeng Ma, Suqing Yang, Yanqiang Hu and Lu Zhang

Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 21447
DOI: 10.1039/D4NR03126A

A roller-type triboelectric nanogenerator based on rotational friction between wool and stacked interfaces for omnidirectional wind energy harvesting

Xiaonan Su, Yuxiang Su, Hongjun Yan, Xinyao Zhang, Guanyu Dai, Xin Dong, Jinlin Wu, Xizeng Zhao, Keyang Zhao and Zhenhua Li

Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 3370
DOI: 10.1039/D4NR04358H

Constructing high-performance and versatile liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator with inflatable columnar units

Lin Luo, Chao Liu, Rui Gu, Mingxia Chen, Yifei Wang, Nuo Xu, Yao Xiong, Jiahong Yang, Ziwei Huo, Yang Liu, Liang Wei, Zhong Lin Wang and Qijun Sun

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf., 2025, 7, 015505
DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad88bd

Optimizing Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator via a Low Sticky Hydrophobic Droplet‐Impacted Surface

Guanbo Min, Wenjun Wang, Huifan Li, Tingyu Wang, Chengyu Li, Shuxing Xu, Kun Xu, Yurui Shang, Xin Zhao, Gaurav Khandelwal, Xufeng Jiao and Wei Tang

Small, 2024, 20
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402765

Progress in generating power coupled with atmospheric water harvesting

Xionggang Chen, Chenggong Xu, Tianqi Wei, Zhiwei Chen, Yifan Liu, JinXia Huang and Zhiguang Guo

Nano Today, 2025, 61, 102661
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102661

High performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on bamboo fibers with trench structure for self-powered sensing

Ping Zhang, Lu Deng, Honghao Zhang, Pengfei Li and Weikang Zhang

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2022, 53, 102489
DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102489

Spray power generation based on triboelectric effect

Changzheng Li, Yaoyu Qin, Hongrui Zhang, Yaofeng Wang, Jiaqiang Liao and Hengyi Guo

Nano Energy, 2024, 120, 109138
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.109138

Generalized dynamic junction theory to resolve the mechanism of direct current generation in liquid-solid interfaces

Cristal Solares-Bockmon, Aniqa Ibnat Lim, Mohammadjavad Mohebinia, Xinxin Xing, Tian Tong, Xingpeng Li, Steven Baldelli, T.R. Lee, Wei Wang, Zhaoping Liu and Jiming Bao

Nano Energy, 2022, 99, 107364
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107364

Deep-Learning-Assisted Self-Powered Microfluidic Bionic Electronic Tongues

Zihan Jin, Yuhang Xue, Bowei Zhang, Rubing Yang, Xianyou Sun, Ping Wang and Jingui Qian

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 14549
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22067

Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator toward Practicality: Configuration, Optimization, and Hybrid Integration

Xiaohua Huang, Xuyi Miao, Keren Dai, Yajiang Yin, Xiaofeng Wang, He Zhang and Zheng‐Yang Huo

Adv Materials Technologies, 2023, 8
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201369

A comprehensive understanding on droplets

Gang Chen and Guanhua Lin

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 341, 103490
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2025.103490

Ultra‐stable Droplet‐Energized Nanogenerator Working at High‐Humidity and Elevated‐Temperature Environments

Yuqi Pan, Hongxin Hong, Jinpei Wang and Hao Wu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.75235

Nanofluidic Membrane with Spent Battery Residues for Efficient Energy Generation

Zhenzhen Guo, Yuchuan Xiong, Yurong Han, Yueyue Wang, Muhammad Sultan Irshad and Xianbao Wang

ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 46066
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07085

Advances and innovations in bio-inspired directed liquid transport: from one-, two- and three-dimensions

Yuhan Zhang, Shuyi Li, Mingsunda Li, Hao Gong, Mingyang Du, Yuyan Fan, Zhengyi Song and Yan Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 526, 170894
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.170894

Wenzel model motivated, superwettable micro-motiffed membrane for droplet-driven, real-time acid rain sensor via sequential contact electrification strategy

Namrata Das, Debmalya Sarkar, Souvik Sau, Asfak Ali, Sayoni Mandal, Sukhen Das, Partha Pratim Ray and Nur Amin Hoque

Materials Today Energy, 2025, 48, 101812
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101812

Optimizing raindrop energy harvesting: Exploring water droplet spreading effects on IDE-based TENG for sustainable power generation

Yixian Hu, Ruoyu Sun, Shun Li, Chuang Liu, Jing Zhao, Jiliang Mo, Dabing Luo and Yajia Pan

Nano Energy, 2024, 123, 109358
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109358

A robust thin-film droplet-induced electricity generator

Haomin Song, Zongmin Bei, Aleksandr S. Voronin, Uma Pratheebha Umaiya Kunjaram, Tadd T. Truscott, Udo Schwingenschlögl, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder and Qiaoqiang Gan

iScience, 2024, 27, 109291
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109291

Bionic e-skin with precise multi-directional droplet sliding sensing for enhanced robotic perception

Yunlong Xu, Zhongda Sun, Zhiqing Bai, Hua Shen, Run Wen, Fumei Wang, Guangbiao Xu and Chengkuo Lee

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50270-8

Rain Energy Harvesting Using Atomically Thin Gadolinium Telluride Decorated 3D Printed Nanogenerator

Partha Kumbhakar, Arko Parui, Rushikesh S. Ambekar, Madhubanti Mukherjee, Saif Siddique, Nicola M. Pugno, Abhishek K. Singh and Chandra S. Tiwary

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2022, 6
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202200296

Estimation of energy available in rain droplets from meteorological rainfall data

Anushka Gupta, S R Vimalraj and Visakh Vaikuntanathan

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2024, 2856, 012008
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2856/1/012008

Robotic taste sensing via triboelectric and deep learning

Shuo Tian, Yi Cheng, Ran Gao, Lixiang Lai, Bin Li and Yejing Dai

Nano Energy, 2025, 140, 111034
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111034

Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications

Quanmao Wei, Wenna Ge, Zichao Yuan, Shixu Wang, Chenguang Lu, Shile Feng, Lei Zhao and Yahua Liu

Nano Res., 2023, 16, 7496
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5465-9

Small-scale water energy harvesting for sustainably-powered distributed electronics

Jiaming Zhou, Eunjong Kim, Yixin Liu, Kin Chiu Yip, Yihong Lin, Jae Uk Yoon, Changsoon Choi, Jin Woo Bae, Jeongsik Yun, Yoon-Hwae Hwang and Dong-Myeong Shin

Commun Mater, 2026, 7
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01137-6

Robust Solid‐Liquid Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Mechanisms, Strategies and Applications

Yang Dong, Nannan Wang, Di Yang, Jian Wang, Wenlong Lu and Daoai Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202300764

Droplet Triboelectrification on Liquid‐Like Polymer Brushes

Mohammad Soltani, Adel Malekkhouyan, Araz Rajabi‐Abhari, Behrooz Khatir, Ning Yan and Kevin Golovin

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202519592

Water Droplet‐Based Nanogenerators

Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Tongtong Zhang, Heting Wu and Ya Yang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202201383

High density ferroelectric charges enabled droplet vibration nanogenerator with extraordinary output

Liangquan Xu, Haoze Kuang, Kaihang Zhang, Chi Zhang, Jiaqi Lu, Dinku Hazarika, Yubo Li, Xiaozhi Wang, Yuhui Huang, Qilong Zhang, Yongjun Wu and Jikui Luo

Nano Energy, 2024, 129, 109980
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109980

High-Performance Biocompatible Moisture-Enabled Nanogenerators Using a Gelatin-SnS2 Composite for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

Subhamay Pramanik, Sovanlal Mondal, Riya Sadhukhan, Shiv Prakash Verma, Ajoy Mandal, Chandan Sengupta and Dipak Kumar Goswami

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 41883
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c04325

Three‐dimensional Synergistic Strategy for Enhancing Voltage Output of ZnO Hydrovoltaic Devices

Jiating Li, Ruonan Wang, Chen Wang, Yu Xu, Weiyu Cheng, Jiong Wang, Guoxiang Zhao, Xinyu Du, Huan Yang, Guofeng Ma, Yifeng Xu, Yaqi Ye, Lutao Li, Yinghui Sun, Jie Zhao, Rujun Tang and Guifu Zou

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202421130

Recent developments in droplet-based devices

Vuong Dinh Trung, Phuoc-Anh Le, Jun Natsuki, Weili Zhao, Thi Viet Bac Phung and Toshiaki Natsuki

Materials Today Chemistry, 2024, 36, 101943
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.101943

Elastic Droplet-Based Magnetoelectric Generator for High-performance Energy Collection

Yonghui Zhang, Jiahao Zhang, Jiyu Liu, Yang Chen, Yuyang Zhou, Yue Zhao, Huanxi Zheng and Xin Liu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 33494
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05359

Droplet nanogenerators: Mechanisms, performance, and applications

Pawantree Promsuwan, Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Suwen Xu and Ya Yang

Materials Today, 2024, 80, 497
DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.017

PVDF-HFP encapsulated WS2 nanosheets in droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerators for possible detection of human Na+/K+ ion concentration

Madhav Baraily, Bikash Baro, Ratan Boruah and Sayan Bayan

Nanotechnology, 2024, 35, 365502
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5684

Piezoelectric nanogenerators from sustainable biowaste source: Power harvesting and respiratory monitoring with electrospun crab shell powder-poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite nanofibers

S. Divya, Subramaniyan Ramasundaram, Kanakaraj Aruchamy, Tae Hwan Oh, Tanya Levingstone and Nicholas Dunne

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 679, 324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.217

Liquid‐Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Physical and Chemical Sensors‐A Review

Xing Wang, Zhengbing Ding, Chenyao Huang, Kyungwho Choi and Dukhyun Choi

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202506059

Eco-friendly and low-cost heavy metal ion detection via droplet-generated triboelectricity

Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Weiqi Qian, Jiabin Wang, Heting Wu, Yuanhao Wang and Ya Yang

Nano Energy, 2024, 131, 110320
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110320

Electrochemical kinetic energy harvesting mediated by ion solvation switching in two-immiscible liquid electrolyte

Donghoon Lee, You-Yeob Song, Angyin Wu, Jia Li, Jeonghun Yun, Dong-Hwa Seo and Seok Woo Lee

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53235-z

Hydrovoltaic–piezoelectric hybridized device for microdroplet-pressure dual energy harvesting and piezo sensing

Vuong Dinh Trung, Phuoc-Anh Le, Jun Natsuki, Weili Zhao, Thi Viet Bac Phung, Jing Tan, Weimin Yang and Toshiaki Natsuki

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496, 154164
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.154164

A Review of Fluid Energy Converters Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Performance Analysis from Energy Conversion

Qianying Li and Yi Xi

Nanoenergy Advances, 2023, 3, 282
DOI: 10.3390/nanoenergyadv3040016

Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications

Dongwhi Choi, Younghoon Lee, Zong-Hong Lin, Sumin Cho, Miso Kim, Chi Kit Ao, Siowling Soh, Changwan Sohn, Chang Kyu Jeong, Jeongwan Lee, Minbaek Lee, Seungah Lee, Jungho Ryu, Parag Parashar, Yujang Cho, Jaewan Ahn, Il-Doo Kim, Feng Jiang, Pooi See Lee, Gaurav Khandelwal, Sang-Jae Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Hyun-Cheol Song, Minje Kim, Junghyo Nah, Wook Kim, Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge, Yong Tae Park, Wei Xu, Jianhua Hao, Hyosik Park, Ju-Hyuck Lee, Dong-Min Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, Ji Young Park, Haixia Zhang, Yunlong Zi, Ru Guo, Jia Cheng, Ze Yang, Yannan Xie, Sangmin Lee, Jihoon Chung, Il-Kwon Oh, Ji-Seok Kim, Tinghai Cheng, Qi Gao, Gang Cheng, Guangqin Gu, Minseob Shim, Jeehoon Jung, Changwoo Yun, Chi Zhang, Guoxu Liu, Yufeng Chen, Suhan Kim, Xiangyu Chen, Jun Hu, Xiong Pu, Zi Hao Guo, Xudong Wang, Jun Chen, Xiao Xiao, Xing Xie, Mourin Jarin, Hulin Zhang, Ying-Chih Lai, Tianyiyi He, Hakjeong Kim, Inkyu Park, Junseong Ahn, Nghia Dinh Huynh, Ya Yang, Zhong Lin Wang, Jeong Min Baik and Dukhyun Choi

ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 11087
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12458

Water droplet energy harvesting

Zhiming Lin and Zhengbao Yang

Droplet, 2024, 3
DOI: 10.1002/dro2.97

Self-Propelled Polymeric Droplet in Leidenfrost State on a Superheated Ratchet Surface

Hayato Masuda, Shinichiro Okumura, Koki Wada and Hiroyuki Iyota

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2024, 63, 6785
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00056

Innovative Undergraduate Experiments in Solid–Liquid Contact Electrification: Droplet Nanogenerators and Contact-Electro-Catalysis

Weixin Li, Jiayue Song, Zihan Liang, Junyi Liu, Youjia Lin, Jin-Mei Zhou, Yong-Hong Ruan and Feng Ru Fan

J. Chem. Educ., 2025, 102, 1662
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c01263

Efficient energy generation from a sweat-powered, wearable, MXene-based hydroelectric nanogenerator

Hongli Su, Ken Aldren S. Usman, Azadeh Nilghaz, Yiming Bu, Kunning Tang, Liming Dai, Dan Liu, Joselito M. Razal, Weiwei Lei, Junfei Tian and Jingliang Li

Device, 2024, 2, 100356
DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100356

Si-based nanocomposite anodes from abundant waste biomass: a low-cost, sustainable approach to enhance stability of lithium-ion batteries

Chawin Yodbunork, Orapim Namsar, Thanapat Autthawong, Waewwow Yodying, Kittiched Khunpakdee, Kittiputh Kunniyom and Thapanee Sarakonsri

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2025, 36
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-025-16044-8