Issue 33, 2023

Pd nanocatalysts adsorbed onto silica nanoparticle coated indium tin oxide: a reusable nanozyme for glucose detection

Abstract

Nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like activity upon exposure to a substrate solution. The use of noble and platinum group metals enhances enzyme-like catalytic activity. However, noble metals are obtained at a high cost; therefore, their recovery after use is of high importance. Herein, we report the fabrication of indium tin oxide–silica nanoparticles decorated with palladium nanoparticles (ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs). The ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs were evaluated for peroxidase-like activity toward the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. A colour change from clear or colourless TMB to blue colour (oxidized TMB products) was observed confirming the peroxidase-like activity. A typical Michaelis–Menten enzyme-like behaviour is observed with Km values of 0.68 mM for H2O2 and 0.47 mM for TMB, which are better than the reported values for horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) for the same substrate. The peroxidase-like activity of ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs was found to proceed via the electron-transfer mechanism. The ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs were cleaned successfully after each use by rinsing with water and ethanol solution thus making the surface simple and easy to recover and reuse. A reusable and highly selective colorimetric assay for glucose detection based on the peroxidase-like activity of ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs gave excellent results. ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs exhibited a good linear range of 5.0–30 μM, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.84 μM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6.14 μM. Finally, the nanozyme (ITO-SiO2-prS-PdNPs) was successfully used to detect glucose in a complex newborn calf serum (NCS), representing a real sample.

Graphical abstract: Pd nanocatalysts adsorbed onto silica nanoparticle coated indium tin oxide: a reusable nanozyme for glucose detection

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 3 2023
Accepted
13 7 2023
First published
13 7 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2023,11, 7961-7971

Pd nanocatalysts adsorbed onto silica nanoparticle coated indium tin oxide: a reusable nanozyme for glucose detection

R. Chavalala and P. Mashazi, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2023, 11, 7961 DOI: 10.1039/D3TB00530E

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