Issue 11, 2023

Printed dry electrode for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for e-textile

Abstract

Muscle atrophy is a well-known consequence of immobilization and critical illness, leading to prolonged rehabilitation and increased mortality. In this study, we develop a solution to preserve muscle mass using customized biocompatible neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device. Commercially available NMES solutions with gel-based electrodes often lead to skin irritation. We demonstrate the printing of conducting electrodes on a compressive stocking textile that can be used for more than seven days without observing any inflammation. This solution consists of a dry and biocompatible electrode directly integrated into the textile with good mechanical compatibility with skin (Young's modulus of 0.39 MPa). The surface roughness of the underlying substrate plays a significant role in obtaining good print quality. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the printed electrode showed better performance than the commercial ones based on a matched interfacial performance and improved series resistance. Furthermore, we investigated our NMES solution in a hospital setting to evaluate its effectiveness on muscle atrophy, with promising results.

Graphical abstract: Printed dry electrode for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for e-textile

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 10 2022
Accepted
03 2 2023
First published
03 2 2023

Nanoscale, 2023,15, 5337-5344

Printed dry electrode for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for e-textile

Y. Merhi, P. F. Betancur, T. S. Ripolles, C. Suetta, M. R. Brage-Andersen, S. K. Hansen, A. Frydenlund, J. V. Nygaard, P. H. Mikkelsen, P. P. Boix and S. Agarwala, Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 5337 DOI: 10.1039/D2NR06008F

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