Issue 3, 2022

Microbial nanocellulose biotextiles for a circular materials economy

Abstract

The synthesis and bottom-up assembly of nanocellulose by microbes offers unique advantages to tune and meet key design criteria—rapid renewability, low toxicity, scalability, performance, and degradability—for multi-functional, circular economy textiles. However, development of green processing methods that meet these criteria remains a major research challenge. Here, we harness microbial biofabrication of nanocellulose and draw inspiration from ancient textile techniques to engineer sustainable biotextiles with a circular life cycle. The unique molecular self-organization of microbial nanocellulose (MC) combined with bio-phosphorylation with a lecithin treatment yields a compostable material with superior mechanical and flame-retardant properties. Specifically, treatment of MC with a lecithin-phosphocholine emulsion makes sites available to modulate cellulose cross-linking through hydroxyl, phosphate and methylene groups, increasing the interaction between cellulose chains. The resultant bioleather exhibits enhanced tensile strength and high ductility. Bio-phosphorylation with lecithin also redirects the combustion pathway from levoglucosan production towards the formation of foaming char as an insulating oxygen barrier, for outstanding flame retardance. Controlled color modulation is demonstrated with natural dyes. Life cycle impact assessment reveals that MC bioleather has up to an order of magnitude lower carbon footprint than conventional textiles, and a thousandfold reduction in the carcinogenic impact of leather production. Eliminating the use of hazardous substances, these high performance materials disrupt linear production models and strategically eliminate its toxicity and negative climate impacts, with widespread application in fashion, interiors and construction. Importantly, the biotextile approach developed in this study demonstrates the potential of biofabrication coupled with green chemistry for a circular materials economy.

Graphical abstract: Microbial nanocellulose biotextiles for a circular materials economy

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Communication
Submitted
25 3 2022
Accepted
18 5 2022
First published
27 5 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2022,1, 276-284

Microbial nanocellulose biotextiles for a circular materials economy

T. N. Schiros, R. Antrobus, D. Farías, Y. Chiu, C. T. Joseph, S. Esdaille, G. K. Sanchirico, G. Miquelon, D. An, S. T. Russell, A. M. Chitu, S. Goetz, A. M. Verploegh Chassé, C. Nuckolls, S. K. Kumar and H. H. Lu, Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2022, 1, 276 DOI: 10.1039/D2VA00050D

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