Issue 2, 2021

Development and biological applications of sulfur–triazole exchange (SuTEx) chemistry

Abstract

Sulfur electrophiles constitute an important class of covalent small molecules that have found widespread applications in synthetic chemistry and chemical biology. Various electrophilic scaffolds, including sulfonyl fluorides and arylfluorosulfates as recent examples, have been applied for protein bioconjugation to probe ligand sites amenable for chemical proteomics and drug discovery. In this review, we describe the development of sulfonyl-triazoles as a new class of electrophiles for sulfur–triazole exchange (SuTEx) chemistry. SuTEx achieves covalent reaction with protein sites through irreversible modification of a residue with an adduct group (AG) upon departure of a leaving group (LG). A principal differentiator of SuTEx from other chemotypes is the selection of a triazole heterocycle as the LG, which introduces additional capabilities for tuning the sulfur electrophile. We describe the opportunities afforded by modifications to the LG and AG alone or in tandem to facilitate nucleophilic substitution reactions at the SO2 center in cell lysates and live cells. As a result of these features, SuTEx serves as an efficient platform for developing chemical probes with tunable bioactivity to study novel nucleophilic sites on established and poorly annotated protein targets. Here, we highlight a suite of biological applications for the SuTEx electrophile and discuss future goals for this enabling covalent chemistry.

Graphical abstract: Development and biological applications of sulfur–triazole exchange (SuTEx) chemistry

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
05 10 2020
Accepted
05 1 2021
First published
19 1 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Chem. Biol., 2021,2, 322-337

Development and biological applications of sulfur–triazole exchange (SuTEx) chemistry

A. L. Borne, J. W. Brulet, K. Yuan and K. Hsu, RSC Chem. Biol., 2021, 2, 322 DOI: 10.1039/D0CB00180E

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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