Issue 22, 2019

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescence probes for the imaging of lysosomal Zn2+ and identification of prostate cancer in human tissue

Abstract

A series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent probes (DPP-C2, LysoDPP-C2, LysoDPP-C3, and LysoDPP-C4) have been developed for the detection of low pH and Zn2+ in an AND logic fashion. The chelation of Zn2+ or the protonation of a morpholine moiety within these probes results in a partial increase in the fluorescence intensity, an effect ascribed to suppression of one possible photo-induced electron transfer (PET) pathway. In contrast, a large increase in the observed fluorescence intensity is observed at low pH and in the presence of Zn2+; this is rationalized in terms of both possible PET pathways within the probes being blocked. Job plots, fluorescence titration curves, and isothermal titration calorimetry proved consistent with a 1 : 1 Zn2+ complexation stoichiometry. Each probe demonstrated an excellent selectivity towards Zn2+ and the resulting Zn2+ complexes demonstrated pH sensitivity over the 3.5–9 pH range. Fluorescence imaging experiments confirmed that LysoDPP-C4 was capable of imaging lysosomal Zn2+ in live cells. Little evidence of cytotoxicity was seen. LysoDPP-C4 was successfully applied to the bioimaging of nude mice, wherein it was shown capable of imaging the prostate. Histological studies using a human sample revealed that LysoDPP-C4 can discriminate cancerous prostate tissue from healthy prostate tissue.

Graphical abstract: Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescence probes for the imaging of lysosomal Zn2+ and identification of prostate cancer in human tissue

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
07 3 2019
Accepted
01 5 2019
First published
01 5 2019
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2019,10, 5699-5704

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescence probes for the imaging of lysosomal Zn2+ and identification of prostate cancer in human tissue

C. Du, S. Fu, X. Wang, A. C. Sedgwick, W. Zhen, M. Li, X. Li, J. Zhou, Z. Wang, H. Wang and J. L. Sessler, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 5699 DOI: 10.1039/C9SC01153F

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