Issue 16, 2017

Inclusion complexes of norepinephrine with β-cyclodextrin, 18-crown-6 and cucurbit[7]uril: experimental and molecular dynamics study

Abstract

The formation of binary and ternary inclusion complexes of norepinephrine, NP, with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and 18-crown-6 (18C6) have been investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the enhancement of emission at around 312 nm from NP in the presence of βCD. However, in the presence of CB7 and 18C6 this band was quenched and the spectra exhibited an excimer emission at longer wavelength due to aggregation of guest molecules. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes has been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealing the presence of binary and ternary complexes of NP with the hosts studied. On the other hand, the solid complexes prepared by lyophilization were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray crystallography. Our data, taken together, clearly suggest that the three hosts form stable complexes with NP. Additionally, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on these complexes in aqueous media for 15–20 ns. The results obtained indicated that hydrophobic forces together with extensive hydrogen bonding are responsible for the stability of these complexes.

Graphical abstract: Inclusion complexes of norepinephrine with β-cyclodextrin, 18-crown-6 and cucurbit[7]uril: experimental and molecular dynamics study

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 12 2016
Accepted
29 1 2017
First published
03 2 2017
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2017,7, 9888-9901

Inclusion complexes of norepinephrine with β-cyclodextrin, 18-crown-6 and cucurbit[7]uril: experimental and molecular dynamics study

S. K. S. Al-Burtomani and F. O. Suliman, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 9888 DOI: 10.1039/C6RA28638K

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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