Issue 6, 2016

Rapid biocompatible macrocyclization of peptides with decafluoro-diphenylsulfone

Abstract

In this manuscript, we describe modification of Cys-residues in peptides and proteins in aqueous solvents via aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) with perfluoroarenes (fAr). Biocompatibility of this reaction makes it attractive for derivatization of proteins and peptide libraries comprised of 20 natural amino acids. Measurement of the reaction rates for fAr derivatives by 19F NMR with a model thiol donor (β-mercaptoethanol) in aqueous buffers identified decafluoro-diphenylsulfone (DFS) as the most reactive SNAr electrophile. Reaction of DFS with thiol nucleophiles is >100 000 faster than analogous reaction of perfluorobenzene; this increase in reactivity enables application of DFS at low concentrations in aqueous solutions compatible with biomolecules and protein complexes irreversibly degraded by organic solvents (e.g., bacteriophages). DFS forms macrocycles when reacted with peptides of the general structure Xn–Cys–Xm–Cys–Xl, where X is any amino acid and m = 1–15. It formed cyclic peptides with 6 peptide hormones—oxytocin, urotensin II, salmon calcitonin, melanin-concentrating hormone, somatostatin-14, and atrial natriuretic factor (1–28) as well as peptides displayed on M13 phage. Rates up to 180 M−1 s−1 make this reaction one of the fastest Cys-modifications to-date. Long-term stability of macrocycles derived from DFS and their stability toward oxidation further supports DFS as a promising method for modification of peptide-based ligands, cyclization of genetically-encoded peptide libraries, and discovery of bioactive macrocyclic peptides.

Graphical abstract: Rapid biocompatible macrocyclization of peptides with decafluoro-diphenylsulfone

Associated articles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
11 10 2015
Accepted
19 2 2016
First published
19 2 2016
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2016,7, 3785-3790

Author version available

Rapid biocompatible macrocyclization of peptides with decafluoro-diphenylsulfone

S. Kalhor-Monfared, M. R. Jafari, J. T. Patterson, P. I. Kitov, J. J. Dwyer, J. M. Nuss and R. Derda, Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 3785 DOI: 10.1039/C5SC03856A

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