Issue 7, 2022

Green approaches for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using microbial and plant extracts

Abstract

Green synthesis approaches are gaining significance as promising routes for the sustainable preparation of nanoparticles, offering reduced toxicity towards living organisms and the environment. Nanomaterials produced by green synthesis approaches can offer additional benefits, including reduced energy inputs and lower production costs than traditional synthesis, which bodes well for commercial-scale production. The biomolecules and phytochemicals extracted from microbes and plants, respectively, are active compounds that function as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae, have been used in nanomaterials’ biological synthesis for some time. Furthermore, the use of plants or plant extracts for metal and metal-based hybrid nanoparticle synthesis represents a novel green synthesis approach that has attracted significant research interest. This review discusses various biosynthesis approaches via microbes and plants for the green preparation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and provides insights into the molecular aspects of the synthesis mechanisms and biomedical applications. The use of agriculture waste as a potential bioresource for nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles is also discussed.

Graphical abstract: Green approaches for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using microbial and plant extracts

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
11 12 2021
Accepted
11 1 2022
First published
15 1 2022

Nanoscale, 2022,14, 2534-2571

Green approaches for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using microbial and plant extracts

J. Jeevanandam, S. F. Kiew, S. Boakye-Ansah, S. Y. Lau, A. Barhoum, M. K. Danquah and J. Rodrigues, Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 2534 DOI: 10.1039/D1NR08144F

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