Issue 2, 2021

Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments

Abstract

As one of the most outstanding materials, the analysis of the structure and function of hydrogels has been extensively carried out to tailor and adapt them to various fields of application. The high water content, which is beneficial for plenty of applications in the biomedical setting, prevents the adoption of hydrogels in flexible electronics and sensors in real life applications, because hydrogels lose their excellent properties, including conductivity, transparency, flexibility, etc., upon freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Therefore, depressing the liquid–solid phase transition temperature is a powerful means to expand the application scope of hydrogels, and will benefit the chemical engineering and materials science communities. This review summarizes the recent research progress of anti-freezing hydrogels. At first, approaches for the generation of anti-freezing (hydro)gels are introduced and their anti-freezing mechanisms and performances are briefly discussed. These approaches are either based on addition of salts, alcohols (cryoprotectants and organohydrogels), and ionic liquids (ionogels), modification of the polymer network or a combination of several techniques. Then, a concise overview of applications leveraged by the widened temperature resistance is provided and future research areas and developments are envisaged.

Graphical abstract: Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
23 6 2020
Accepted
02 9 2020
First published
03 9 2020

Mater. Horiz., 2021,8, 351-369

Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments

Y. Jian, S. Handschuh-Wang, J. Zhang, W. Lu, X. Zhou and T. Chen, Mater. Horiz., 2021, 8, 351 DOI: 10.1039/D0MH01029D

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