Biomass Derived Carbons and Their Modification Techniques in Electrochemical Capacitive Deionization Desalination

Abstract

Capacitive deionization (CDI), as a new electrochemical desalination technology, shows excellent desalination performance in the field of desalination. The desalting performance mainly depends on the electrode adsorption and desorption process in CDI devices, which is inseparable from the structure of the electrode material. The traditional porous electrode material is carbon material, while biomass-derived carbon material has become a promising electrode material among carbon materials due to its wide range of raw material sources, structural controllability and environmental friendliness. In this paper, the desalination mechanism and process of CDI are comprehensively expounded, and the advantages and disadvantages of each unit structure of CDI are summarized. It completely analyzes the whole process of biomass-derived carbon materials from raw material selection, pretreatment of precursors, preparation of bio-derived carbon, to modification, and provides a complete technical route. By selecting the appropriate CDI unit structure and combining the preparation and modification technologies of biomass materials, it is expected that electrode materials with economical, environmentally friendly and excellent desalination performance can be designed. In addition, this paper also focuses on the desalination performance of different biomass-derived carbons under various modification technologies, giving scholars a comprehensive research perspective on modification technologies.