Unveiling the development principles and mechanistic understanding of controlled drug delivery strategies for chronic bone defects and diabetic wound management

Abstract

Hydrogel and ferrogel-based systems are leading the way in therapeutic approaches for treating diabetes-related complications, such as bone abnormalities and impaired wound healing. As a desirable multipurpose material, transition metal oxides (TMO) are receiving more interest in biological applications. The doping of TMOs inside the polymer network is the focus of the present review, which also covers the basic ideas and important capabilities of hydrogels and ferrogels. Notably, the use of DNA engineering and nanotechnology in hydrogel frameworks has greatly advanced their functioning by allowing for precise and regulated release mechanisms. This review highlights the significant influence of TMO-grafted hydrogels on regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting osteogenic differentiation, all of which excellently aid in wound healing and bone repair in diabetic circumstances. The combination of these characteristics attributes how hydrogel drug-loading devices can revolutionize tissue repair and diabetic treatment approaches, and usher in a new age of improved, customized healthcare solutions. This review offers a thorough depiction of the diverse spectrum of projections over hydrogels to provide readers with a clear grasp of the most recent advancements, traits, history, and applications of hydrogels and ferrogels.