Advances in photochemical/electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from carbon dioxide

The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO₂), which also serves as an excellent C1 building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The preparation and transformation of these structures have long been a focus in organic chemistry, making the utilization of CO₂ highly advantageous. This paper reviews progress in the photochemical/electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds using CO₂, differentiating between various reaction types and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well as potential applications.