Enhancing community well-being in African drylands through technology-based solutions in the water–energy–food–ecosystems nexus

Abstract

The environmental challenges in African drylands, including water scarcity, limited energy access, and food shortages, are interconnected and have significant implications for the region's sustainability and the well-being of its communities. To address these issues, comprehensive and sustainable management plans are urgently needed. This critical review delves into the water–energy–food–ecosystem (WEFE) nexus, emphasizing the importance of integrated technologies to improve water and energy efficiency while mitigating environmental impacts. Key databases were systematically reviewed, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ProQuest as well as various international documents, such as those accessible in the FAO Corporate Document Repository. Our emphasis was on WEFE technologies, their applications, research outcomes, and relevance in African arid regions. The study examined recent decade initiatives to bridge the research gap, emphasizing the need to consider interrelationships and broader impacts of technical solutions in water, energy, and food sectors. This analysis brought together natural and technological advancements within the WEFE nexus, yielding valuable insights. By considering significant case studies addressing WEFE challenges, we ascertained the substantial potential of WEFE nexus technologies in mitigating African dryland challenges. Additionally, the critical factors that significantly influence the adoption of these transformative technologies are identified. The outcomes of this study underscore the importance of proactively integrating innovative WEFE technologies within the natural based solutions. Closing knowledge gaps, integrating solutions, and fostering innovation are essential steps in addressing the complex challenges these regions face. These efforts lead to enhanced water, energy, and food systems, fostering regional sustainability and resilience, ultimately securing a more promising and sustainable future for vulnerable communities.