Advances in Hyperbolic Metamaterial Sensors: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Low-molecular-small-weight organisms, such as viruses and bacteria, create new challenges to existing sensors’ technological advancement. Besides detecting these organisms, several applications, such as the detection of proteins, gases, refractive index, and temperature, require radical innovation to deliver high sensitivity, specificity, diffusion-limited transport, and accuracy. Plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM)-based sensors might pave the way to low-cost and rapid detection with high accuracy by harnessing the highly sensitive anisotropic properties. Therefore, this review discusses in detail the latest developments in HMM-based sensors for different applications.