Beyond traditional TOF: unveiling the pitfalls in electrocatalytic active site determination

Arun Karmakar and Subrata Kundu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 39687
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA04810A

Redox insights and OER activity in 3D-MOFs: the role of alkali metal ions

Susanta Dinda, Arun Karmakar, Debajyoti Ghoshal and Subrata Kundu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 8392
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA07078F

Synergistic effect of a bamboo-like Bi2S3 covered Sm2O3 nanocomposite (Bi2S3–Sm2O3) for enhanced alkaline OER

Tauseef Munawar, Saman Fatima, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, Ambreen Bashir, Faisal Mukhtar, Sajjad Hussain, Sumaira Manzoor, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq, Shoukat Alim Khan, Muammer Koc and Faisal Iqbal

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 2678
DOI: 10.1039/D3CP05158G

Navigating the energy crisis: design principles and challenges in the development of high-performance catalysts for electrolytic water splitting

Quan Zhang, Yifei Li, Fang Luo and Zehui Yang

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 10747
DOI: 10.1039/D5CC02288F

‘Total electrode’ and ‘intrinsic’ activity parameters in water electrolysis: a comprehensive investigation

Arun Karmakar, Bhagyashri. B. Kamble, Ragunath Madhu, Pradeep Gudlur and Subrata Kundu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 26023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA06370D

Basics, developments, and strategies of transition metal phosphides toward electrocatalytic water splitting: beyond noble metal catalysts

Yeongbin Lee, Wooseok Jeong, Yun Jae Hwang, Boeun An, Hyeonseok Lee, Heesoo Jeong, Gyuhyeon Kim, Yoonsu Park, Minyoung Kim and Don-Hyung Ha

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 28574
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA04455J

Unveiling the significance of working electrode substrates in electrocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen energy production

Arun Karmakar, Ragunath Madhu, Sreenivasan Nagappan, Aditi De, Suprobhat Singha Roy, Hariharan N. Dhandapani, Asha K. Satheesan, Prasita Mazumder and Subrata Kundu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 19252
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA02980E

Intrinsic Specific Activity Enhancement for Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity toward Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions via Structural Modification of Nickel Organophosphonates

Poojita, Tanmay Rom, Rathindranath Biswas, Krishna Kanta Haldar and Avijit Kumar Paul

Inorg. Chem., 2024, 63, 3795
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03960

Empowering the Water Oxidation Activity of the Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework by Annexing Gold Nanoparticles over the Catalytic Surface

Anup Kuchipudi, Ankit Das, Krishnendu Bera, Subhendu K. Panda, Gosipathala Sreedhar and Subrata Kundu

Inorg. Chem., 2023, 62, 21265
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03351

Interfacial surface engineering of Co-Mn-P ultrathin nanosheets on Ni-Co hierarchical nanostructure for boosting electrochemical active sites in overall water splitting

Rokhsareh Abedi and Ghasem Barati Darband

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 641, 236840
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236840

Unraveling the Electronic Structure and Synergistic Effects in Mixed-Valence Modulation in Fe-Doped NiPS3 for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

Abhijit Dutta, Krishnendu Roy and Praveen Kumar

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2025, 8, 15852
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.5c02396

Functionality Modulation Toward Thianthrene‐based Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Arnab Sadhukhan, Arun Karmakar, Kalipada Koner, Shayan Karak, Rahul Kumar Sharma, Avishek Roy, Prince Sen, Krishna Kishor Dey, Venkataramanan Mahalingam, Biswarup Pathak, Subrata Kundu and Rahul Banerjee

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310938

Cation Substituted Entropy Driven Cu–Mn–Zn–Cr–O Metal Oxide for Efficient Seawater Splitting and Hybrid Supercapacitors

Gokul Sivaguru, Uday Kumar Ghorui, Aswathi Mangalasseri, Samim Reza, Rituparna Dutta, Siddhartha Ghosh, Goutam Kumar Dalapati, Ranjit Thapa and Sabyasachi Chakrabortty

Small, 2026, 22
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202510306

Plate-like NiCo2O4 integrated with g-C3N4 nanostructures for hybrid supercapacitors and green energy technologies

Ehtisham Umar, Fozia Shaheen, M. Waqas Iqbal, Mohammed T. Alotaibi, Amel Ayari-Akkari, Ali Akremi and Eman Kashita

Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2025, 80, 100546
DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2025.100546

WO3-modified carbon nanowall electrodes for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

Bauyrzhan Ye. Zhumadilov, Rakhymzhan Ye. Zhumadilov, Renata R. Nemkayeva, Aiymkul A. Markhabayeva, Tlekkabul S. Ramazanov, Yerassyl Yerlanuly and Maratbek T. Gabdullin

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2026, 223, 154356
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154356

A novel polymetallic molybdate and it derived metal sulfide electrocatalyst for water splitting

Siru Chen, Junyan Chen, Junlong Xu, Yingying Yao, Zhuo Wang, Wanwan Li and Yanqiang Li

Fuel, 2025, 380, 133272
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133272

Ultra-fast synthesis of transition metal-MXene nanocomposite electrocatalyst for energy-saving seawater hydrogen production: Experiment and theory

Ruhollah Sharifi, Abolghasem Dolati and Abdolvahab Seif

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 93, 1377
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.063

Unraveling the Synergistic Role of Sm3+ Doped NiFe‐LDH as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Improved Anion Exchange Membrane and Water Splitting Applications

Sreenivasan Nagappan, Hemalatha Gurusamy, Harpriya Minhas, Arun Karmakar, S. Ravichandran, Biswarup Pathak and Subrata Kundu

Small Methods, 2025, 9
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401655

Unlocking the catalytic potential of NbB2 via vacancy creation and ruthenium decoration for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

Yingxue Du, Qihao Wang, Xingchao Zang, Weiping Xiao, Yingxia Zong, Xuyun Guo, Zexing Wu and Lei Wang

Fuel, 2025, 399, 135624
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135624

Interface Engineering of AuCu Bimetallic Nanoparticles/1T-MoS2 Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity in Natural Seawater and Alkaline Freshwater

Xiaorong Gan, Leilei Ye, Weiwei Wu, Kangheng Huang, Ran An, Ting Cheng, Jianlin Zhang and Yanhui Ao

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2026, 9, 1199
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.5c03594

Activation Energy at Zero Overpotential (Ea0) a Thermokinetic Descriptor of Intrinsic Electrocatalytic Activity

Sreenivasan Nagappan, Arun Karmakar, Adithya V. Krishnan, Nisarga Rajagopal and Subrata Kundu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 41442
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c04199

Enhanced hydrogen storage performance of g-C3N4/CoMn2O4 nanocomposites

Gokuladeepan Periyasamy, Ajaijawahar Kaliyaperumal, Rameshbabu Ramachandran and Karthigeyan Annamalai

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2024, 35
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-024-12200-8

Evaluating the water splitting promotion effects of birnessite Mn3+/4+ platelets of α-Mn3O4 coated with Ag@Ag2WO4 nanosphericals

Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed, S.M. Syam and M. Khairy

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 61, 1028
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.353

Non-noble metal catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction: a review

Bukar Lawan

Discov. Chem., 2026, 3
DOI: 10.1007/s44371-026-00555-2

Aerogels as next-generation electrocatalysts for water electrolysis and beyond

Balamurugan Muthukutty, Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar, Jun-Hyung Im, Periakaruppan Prakash, Daeho Lee and Young-Ki Kim

Nano Today, 2026, 66, 102901
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102901

Dual-functional CuO/Cr₂O₃ nanocomposite-modified electrode for paracetamol sensing and peroxymonosulfate-activated photocatalysis

Jahnavi Hunasekatte Katamallappa, Jagadish Krishnegowda, Dhanyashree Savitha Vishwakumar and Rajendra Prasad Shivalingappa

J Nanopart Res, 2026, 28
DOI: 10.1007/s11051-026-06641-x

γ-FeOOH Nanosheet with Enormous Cationic Defect: Efficient and Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst Suitable for an Industrial-Scale AEM Electrolyzer

Dimple K. Bora, Debasish Ghosh, Animesh Jana, Rajaram K. Nagarale and Asit B. Panda

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater., 2024, 2, 975
DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.4c00034

Bifunctional CrSe@FeSe2 Heterostructure with Interface Synergy and Vacancy Engineering for Enhanced Alkaline Water Splitting

Sukanya Bhattacharjee, Ujjwal Phadikar, Bholanath Panda, Debasis Dhak, Naresh Chandra Murmu and Tapas Kuila

Chem. Mater., 2026, 38, 2989
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6c00145

The rise of amorphous water-splitting materials

Sina Maghool, Sara Amirnejat, Ali Akbar Nosrati, Ali Akbar Asgharinezhad and Afsanehsadat Larimi

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2026, 560, 217878
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217878

Sustainable energy and OER: A comprehensive review of copper-based electrocatalyst developments

Sidra Saleem, Saba Saeed, Sahar Saleem, Muhammad Atif and Ali Zia Noor

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 131, 177
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.373

Development of noble metal-free electrocatalysts towards acidic water oxidation: From fundamental understanding to state-of-the-art catalysts

Jing Ni, Zhaoping Shi, Yibo Wang, Jiahao Yang, Hongxiang Wu, Pengbo Wang, Meiling Xiao, Changpeng Liu and Wei Xing

eScience, 2025, 5, 100295
DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100295

Modulating Electronic Structures of Bimetallic Co-Fe Sulfide Ultrathin Nanosheet Supported on g-C3N4 Promoting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance

Yan Dong, Sheng Liu, Wenjing Deng, Hao Zhang, Guangyi Liu and Xiaolei Wang

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 653, 1557
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.189

Minimizing energy loss based on ultrathin Co-Ni3S2 for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrate to ammonia

Zutao Zhang, Peiyuan Xiao, Jinping Mei, Xinyu Zhang, Duoduo Chen, Chenlu Jiang, Rong Huang, Qiufang Yao and Shiqing Sun

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2026, 1000, 119577
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119577

Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction and durability of carbon dot-anchored nickel-iron oxyhydroxide electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis at high current densities

Hyunsub Shin, Jaehun Lee, Dowon Jang, Younghwon Kim, Harim Jeong and Misook Kang

Materials Today Advances, 2025, 25, 100560
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100560

Modulating electronic structure of self-supported nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide to accelerate hydrogen evolution reaction

Lingjiang Kou, Yong Wang, Jiajia Song, Taotao Ai, Wenhu Li, Mohammad Yeganeh Ghotbi, Panya Wattanapaphawong and Koji Kajiyoshi

Scripta Materialia, 2024, 252, 116242
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116242

Facile fabrication of NiO/MnO2/CuO nanocomposite as robust electrode material for electrochemical water splitting

Atif Nazir, Chanda Sehar, Muhammad Fahad Saeed, Areej Fatima, Wael dheaa Kadhim, Zainab Ahmed Abass, Imran Shakir, Aboud Ahmed Awadh Bahajjaj, Muhammad Ali Khan and S. Shah

Fuel, 2026, 407, 137405
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137405