Issue 1, 2022

Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids

Abstract

Gridization is an alternative way to create macromolecules of various sizes in addition to linear and dendritic polymerization as well as cyclization. Organic nanogrids are an expanding family of macrocycle-like closed structures at the nanoscale, but with a series of well-defined extension edges and vertices. Cyclic nanogrids can be used as nanoscale building blocks for the fabrication of not only rotaxanes, catenanes, knots, 3D cages, but also nanopolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and complex molecular cross-scale architectures. In this review, the history of fluorene-based macrocycles has first been explored, followed by the development of the synthetic methodologies; in particular, fluorene-based nanogrids are highlighted owing to their features and applications. Typically, fluorenes are fused arenes with a hybrid entity between tetrahedral Csp3 and Csp2. Four ingenious connection modes of fluorene-based macrocycles, including 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linkages, fully demonstrate the geometric possibilities of the macrocycles and nanogrids. Such fluorene-based nanogrids will give birth to organic intelligence.

Graphical abstract: Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
08 8 2021
Accepted
19 10 2021
First published
03 12 2021

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022,20, 73-97

Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids

Y. Wei, Y. Yan, X. Li, L. Xie and W. Huang, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 73 DOI: 10.1039/D1OB01558C

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