Volume 203, 2017

Using one halogen bond to change the nature of a second bond in ternary complexes with P⋯Cl and F⋯Cl halogen bonds

Abstract

Ab initio MP2/aug’-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out to determine the effect of the presence of one halogen bond on the nature of the other in ternary complexes H2XP:ClF:ClH and H2XP:ClF:ClF, for X = F, Cl, H, NC, and CN. The P⋯Cl bonds remain chlorine-shared halogen bonds in the ternary complexes H2XP:ClF:ClH, although the degree of chlorine sharing increases relative to the corresponding binary complexes. The F⋯Cl bonds in the ternary complexes remain traditional halogen bonds. The binding energies of the complexes H2XP:ClF:ClH increase relative to the corresponding binary complexes, and nonadditivities of binding energies are synergistic. In contrast, the presence of two halogen bonds in the ternary complexes H2XP:ClF:ClF has a dramatic effect on the nature of these bonds in the four most strongly bound complexes. In these, chlorine transfer occurs across the P⋯Cl halogen bond to produce complexes represented as (H2XP–Cl)+:(F:ClF). In the ion-pair, the cation is also halogen bonded to the anion by a Cl⋯F halogen bond, while the anion is stabilized by an F⋯Cl halogen bond. The central ClF molecule no longer exists as a molecule. The binding energies of the ternary H2XP:ClF:ClF complexes are significantly greater than the binding energies of the H2XP:ClF:ClH complexes, and nonadditivities exhibit large synergistic effects. The Wiberg bond indexes for the complexes H2XP:ClF, H2XP:ClF:ClH, and H2XP:ClF:ClF, and the cations (H2XP–Cl)+ reflect the changes in the P–Cl and Cl–F bonds. Similarly, EOM-CCSD spin–spin coupling constants are also consistent with the changes in these same bonds. In particular, 1xJ(P–Cl) in H2XP:ClF complexes becomes 1J(P–Cl) in the ternary complexes with chlorine-transferred halogen bonds. A plot of these coupling constants shows a change in the curvature of the trendline as chlorine-shared halogen bonds in H2XP:ClF:ClH become chlorine-transferred halogen bonds in H2XP:ClF:ClF. 1xJ(F–Cl) coupling constants also reflect changes in the nature of F⋯Cl halogen bonds.

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Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 1 2017
Accepted
13 2 2017
First published
20 7 2017

Faraday Discuss., 2017,203, 29-45

Using one halogen bond to change the nature of a second bond in ternary complexes with P⋯Cl and F⋯Cl halogen bonds

J. E. Del Bene, I. Alkorta and J. Elguero, Faraday Discuss., 2017, 203, 29 DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00048K

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