Issue 6, 2021

Design, synthesis and evaluation of tryptophan analogues as tool compounds to study IDO1 activity

Abstract

The metabolism of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is thought to play a critical role in tumour-mediated immune suppression. Whilst there has been significant progress in elucidating the overall enzymatic mechanism of IDO1 and related enzymes, key aspects of the catalytic cycle remain poorly understood. Here we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of tryptophan analogues which have the potential to intercept putative intermediates in the metabolism of 1 by IDO1. Functionally-relevant binding to IDO1 was demonstrated through enzymatic inhibition, however no IDO1-mediated metabolism of these compounds was observed. Subsequent Tm-shift analysis shows the most active compound, 17, exhibits a distinct profile from known competitive IDO1 inhibitors, with docking studies supporting the hypothesis that 17 may bind at the recently-discovered Si site. These findings provide a start-point for development of further mechanistic probes and more potent tryptophan-based IDO1 inhibitors.

Graphical abstract: Design, synthesis and evaluation of tryptophan analogues as tool compounds to study IDO1 activity

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 11 2020
Accepted
20 8 2021
First published
13 9 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Chem. Biol., 2021,2, 1651-1660

Design, synthesis and evaluation of tryptophan analogues as tool compounds to study IDO1 activity

N. J. Cundy, R. K. Hare, T. Tang, A. G. Leach, T. A. Jowitt, O. Qureshi, J. Gordon, N. M. Barnes, C. A. Brady, E. L. Raven, R. S. Grainger and S. Butterworth, RSC Chem. Biol., 2021, 2, 1651 DOI: 10.1039/D0CB00209G

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