Issue 7, 2023

A tight squeeze: geometric effects on the performance of three-electrode electrochemical-aptamer based sensors in constrained, in vivo placements

Abstract

Electrochemical, aptamer-based (EAB) sensors are the first molecular monitoring technology that is (1) based on receptor binding and not the reactivity of the target, rendering it fairly general, and (2) able to support high-frequency, real-time measurements in situ in the living body. To date, EAB-derived in vivo measurements have largely been performed using three electrodes (working, reference, counter) bundled together within a catheter for insertion into the rat jugular. Exploring this architecture, here we show that the placement of these electrodes inside or outside of the lumen of the catheter significantly impacts sensor performance. Specifically, we find that retaining the counter electrode within the catheter increases the resistance between it and the working electrode, increasing the capacitive background. In contrast, extending the counter electrode outside the lumen of the catheter reduces this effect, significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise of intravenous molecular measurements. Exploring counter electrode geometries further, we find that they need not be larger than the working electrode. Putting these observations together, we have developed a new intravenous EAB architecture that achieves improved performance while remaining short enough to safely emplace in the rat jugular. These findings, though explored here with EAB sensors may prove important for the design of many electrochemical biosensors.

Graphical abstract: A tight squeeze: geometric effects on the performance of three-electrode electrochemical-aptamer based sensors in constrained, in vivo placements

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 12 2022
Accepted
20 2 2023
First published
01 3 2023

Analyst, 2023,148, 1562-1569

Author version available

A tight squeeze: geometric effects on the performance of three-electrode electrochemical-aptamer based sensors in constrained, in vivo placements

K. K. Leung, J. Gerson, N. Emmons, B. Roehrich, E. Verrinder, L. C. Fetter, T. E. Kippin and K. W. Plaxco, Analyst, 2023, 148, 1562 DOI: 10.1039/D2AN02096C

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