Energy harvesting technology based on moisture-responsive actuators

Luyu Yang, Lei Zhang and Dongping Sun

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 18530
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA02644B

Oxidation-degree-dependent moisture-induced actuation of a graphene oxide film

Waka Nakanishi, Yoshihiro Yamauchi, Yuta Nishina, Masafumi Yoshio and Masayuki Takeuchi

RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 3372
DOI: 10.1039/D1RA07773B

Mechanochemical engineering of 2D materials for multiscale biointerfaces

Catherine E. Machnicki, Fanfan Fu, Lin Jing, Po-Yen Chen and Ian Y. Wong

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 6293
DOI: 10.1039/C9TB01006H

Bioinspired humidity-responsive liquid crystalline materials: from adaptive soft actuators to visualized sensors and detectors

Ruochen Lan, Wenbo Shen, Wenhuan Yao, Jingyu Chen, Xinyu Chen and Huai Yang

Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 2824
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH00392B

Anisotropic nanocomposite films of hydroxypropylcellulose and graphene oxide with multi-responsiveness

Zhimin Ying, Xiao Ying Lin, Cong Du, Si Yu Zheng, Zi Liang Wu and Qiang Zheng

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 28876
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA04558A

Dual-responsive jumping actuators by light and humidity

Jingjing Li, Meilin Wang, Zhanpeng Cui, Shiyong Liu, Danyang Feng, Guangkai Mei, Rui Zhang, Baigang An, Dong Qian, Xiang Zhou and Zunfeng Liu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 25337
DOI: 10.1039/D2TA07339K

Charge-induced electromechanical actuation of Mo- and W-dichalcogenide monolayers

Vuong Van Thanh, Nguyen Tuan Hung and Do Van Truong

RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 38667
DOI: 10.1039/C8RA08248K

A bioinspired monolayer gel with efficient omnidirectional moisture-driven actuation for humidity sensing

Sampurna Routray, Malay Kumar Baroi, Ritvika Kushwaha, Priyam Das and Debapratim Das

Mater. Horiz., 2026
DOI: 10.1039/D6MH00271D

Tough biomimetic films for harnessing natural evaporation for various self-powered devices

Tian Yang, Honglin Yuan, Sitong Wang, Xuhan Gao, Huhu Zhao, Pengying Niu, Beibei Liu, Bo Li and Huanjun Li

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 19269
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA04221H

Humidity-driven bilayered composite nanofiber textile actuators for smart heat and humidity management

Xi Yu, Qiang Zhou, Yingxin Zhao, Guiying Xu, Peimin Shen, Yang Wang, Chi-wai Kan, Hui Yu, Lihuan Wang, Jianhua Yan and Xianfeng Wang

RSC Appl. Polym., 2026, 4, 200
DOI: 10.1039/D5LP00233H

Advances in harvesting water and energy from ubiquitous atmospheric moisture

Wanheng Lu, Wei Li Ong and Ghim Wei Ho

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 12456
DOI: 10.1039/D2TA09552A

Strong and flexible graphene oxide paper for humidity responsive origami metamaterials

Yiwen Chen, Jun Cai, Alireza Seyedkanani, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh and Marta Cerruti

Mater. Horiz., 2026, 13, 1350
DOI: 10.1039/D5MH01681A

Water-responsive materials for sustainable energy applications

Yaewon Park and Xi Chen

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 15227
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA02896G

Charge-induced electromechanical actuation of two-dimensional hexagonal and pentagonal materials

Vuong Van Thanh, Do Van Truong and Nguyen Tuan Hung

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 22377
DOI: 10.1039/C9CP03129D

4D Printing of Humidity‐Driven Seed Inspired Soft Robots

Luca Cecchini, Stefano Mariani, Marilena Ronzan, Alessio Mondini, Nicola M. Pugno and Barbara Mazzolai

Advanced Science, 2023, 10
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205146

Strong, healable materials with bio‐like ordered architectures and versatile functionality

Xinkai Li, Yuyan Wang and Xinxing Zhang

SusMat, 2024, 4
DOI: 10.1002/sus2.248

Bioinspired and biohybrid soft robots: Principles and emerging technologies

Zhengkun Chen, Jiafan Chen, Sohyun Jung, Ho-Young Kim, Matteo Lo Preti, Cecilia Laschi, Ziyu Ren, Metin Sitti, Robert J. Full and Guang-Zhong Yang

Matter, 2025, 8, 102045
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102045

Recent Advances in Light-Driven Semiconductor-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Optimization Strategies and Emerging Applications

Vanessa R. A. Ferreira and Manuel A. Azenha

Molecules, 2024, 29, 1154
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051154

Rapid Moisture-Responsive Silk Fibroin Actuators

Ganesan Manikandan, Aathira Murali, Ravi Kumar and Dillip K. Satapathy

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 8880
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17525

Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks with Polyethylene Glycol as Self‐Sustained Humidity‐Responsive Actuators

Tianhui Mao, Zhaoyi Liu, Xiuxiu Guo, Zhifang Wang, Jinjin Liu, Ting Wang, Shubo Geng, Yao Chen, Peng Cheng and Zhenjie Zhang

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216318

Intrinsically Self-Driven Humidity Actuators Based on Silk Nanofibers Exfoliated Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent

Haixun Sun, Mengyi Zhang, Bing Wang, Miao Su, Xiangdong Liu and Feiya Fu

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 6870
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07156

Robust and Highly Sensitive Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Humidity Actuators

Jie Wei, Shuai Jia, Jie Guan, Chao Ma and Ziqiang Shao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 54417
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17894

Sensitively humidity-driven actuator and sensor derived from natural skin system

Yingte Wang, Rong Duan, Zhaomin Tong, Bohan Wang, Zhiyang Zhang and Yawei Li

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 370, 132388
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132388

Flexible Actuators for Soft Robotics

Ying Yang, Yanxiao Wu, Cheng Li, Xiaoming Yang and Wei Chen

Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2020, 2
DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900077

A Moisture‐Driven Actuator Based on Polydopamine‐Modified MXene/Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film

Luyu Yang, Jian Cui, Lei Zhang, Xuran Xu, Xiao Chen and Dongping Sun

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101378

Dried bonito flakes-inspired moisture-responsive actuator with a gradient structure for smart devices

Zhong Chen, Qingyu Peng, Ying Hu, Zonglin Liu, Xu Zhao, Pengyang Li, Liangliang Xu, Haowen Zheng, Fuhua Xue, Renjie Ding and Xiaodong He

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2023, 167, 152
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.050

Bio-inspired carbon-based artificial muscle with precise and continuous morphing capabilities

Xiaodong Li, Meiping Li, Mingjia Zhang, Qin Liu, Deyi Zhang, Wenjing Liu, Xingru Yan and Changshui Huang

National Science Review, 2024, 12
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae400

Rotini‐like MXene@LCE Actuator with Diverse and Programmable Actuation Based on Dual‐mode Synergy

Ziwei Liang, Binjie Jin, Haotian Zhao, Zhenhua He, Zhanghe Jiang and Saihua Jiang

Small, 2024, 20
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305371

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

Jinbo Pang, Songang Peng, Chongyang Hou, Hongbin Zhao, Yingju Fan, Chen Ye, Nuo Zhang, Ting Wang, Yu Cao, Weijia Zhou, Ding Sun, Kai Wang, Mark H. Rümmeli, Hong Liu and Gianaurelio Cuniberti

ACS Sens., 2023, 8, 482
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02790

Recent advances of two-way shape memory polymers and four-dimensional printing under stress-free conditions

Dong Ke, Zhao Chen, Zhu Yan Momo, Wang Jiani, Cui Xuan, Yu Xiaojie and Xiao Xueliang

Smart Mater. Struct., 2020, 29, 023001
DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/ab5e6d

Recent advances of light-driven micro/nanomotors: toward powerful thrust and precise control

Ziheng Zhan, Fanan Wei, Jianghong Zheng, Wenguang Yang, Jing Luo and Ligang Yao

Nanotechnology Reviews, 2018, 7, 555
DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2018-0106

Light-powered self-sustained jumper via splay-aligned liquid crystal elastomer

Dali Ge and Qingchang Yang

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2026, 206, 117918
DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2026.117918

Materials, Actuators, and Sensors for Soft Bioinspired Robots

Mahdi Ilami, Hosain Bagheri, Reza Ahmed, E. Olga Skowronek and Hamid Marvi

Advanced Materials, 2021, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003139

Multi-stimuli-responsive Ti3C2TX MXene-based actuators actualizing intelligent interpretation of traditional shadow play

Xinyu Li, Jiannan Li, Yi Zhao, Wei Zhai, Shuo Wang, Yunxiang Zhang, Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu and Changyu Shen

Carbon, 2024, 218, 118652
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118652

Humidity‐Driven Mechanical and Electrical Response of Graphene/Cloisite Hybrid Films

Rachele Castaldo, Giuseppe Cesare Lama, Paolo Aprea, Gennaro Gentile, Veronica Ambrogi, Marino Lavorgna and Pierfrancesco Cerruti

Adv Funct Materials, 2019, 29
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807744

Towards Nanomaterial-Incorporated Soft Actuators: from Inorganic/Organic Material-Based Soft Robot to Biomaterial-Based Biohybrid Robot

Minkyu Shin, Seewoo Kim, Ambrose Ashwin Melvin and Jeong-Woo Choi

BioChip J, 2024, 18, 68
DOI: 10.1007/s13206-023-00134-y

Metalized polyamide heterostructure as a moisture-responsive actuator for multimodal adaptive personal heat management

Xiuqiang Li, Boran Ma, Jingyuan Dai, Chenxi Sui, Divya Pande, David R. Smith, L. Catherine Brinson and Po-Chun Hsu

Sci. Adv., 2021, 7
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7906

Advanced Cooling Textiles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives

Xueping Zhang, Fei Wang, Hanyu Guo, Fengqiang Sun, Xiangshun Li, Chentian Zhang, Chongwen Yu and Xiaohong Qin

Advanced Science, 2024, 11
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305228

Highly Conductive MXene Film Actuator Based on Moisture Gradients

Jingfeng Wang, Yuyan Liu, Zhongjun Cheng, Zhimin Xie, Liang Yin, Wu Wang, Yingbin Song, Haiyang Zhang, Youshan Wang and Zhimin Fan

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59, 14029
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003737

Boosting responsive deformation of nanochannel membrane actuators by exploiting the surface defects

Zefan Chai, Jun Cao, Zhigang Wang, Hongquan Wang, Chunjie Yan and Heng Deng

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 479, 147890
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.147890

MXene‐Based Humidity‐Responsive Actuators: Preparation and Properties

Jingfeng Wang, Haoxiang Ma, Yuyan Liu, Zhimin Xie and Zhimin Fan

ChemPlusChem, 2021, 86, 406
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000828

Fabrication of hemicelluloses films with enhanced mechanical properties by graphene oxide for humidity sensing

Jun Rao, Hui Gao, Ying Guan, Wen-qi Li and Qiang Liu

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 208, 513
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.099

Programmable Wrinkled MXene-Based Soft Actuators with Moisture- and Light-Responsive Deformation and Water-Surface Locomotion Capabilities

Wenwei Huang, Jiayi Zhou, Yan Zhang, Yining Sun, Dongye Yang, Jianguo Tang, Mikhail Artemyev and Jun Li

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 2624
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c18410

Bioinspired Soft Robots Based on the Moisture‐Responsive Graphene Oxide

Yu‐Qing Liu, Zhao‐Di Chen, Dong‐Dong Han, Jiang‐Wei Mao, Jia‐Nan Ma, Yong‐Lai Zhang and Hong‐Bo Sun

Advanced Science, 2021, 8
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002464

A humidity-driven flexible carbon nitride film with multiple deformations

Xueting Wang, Fenghua Zhang, Liwu Liu, Jinsong Leng, Yanju Liu, Xiaofeng Zhao and Huijun Zhang

Smart Mater. Struct., 2019, 28, 105007
DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/ab324d

Bioinspired Moisture-Driven Soft Actuators Based on MXene/Aramid Nanofiber Nanocomposite Films

Xuan Weng, Zhiwei Weng, Mei Qin, Jiabo Zhang, Yichuan Wu and Hai Jiang

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 5587
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c00420

Humidity-responsive actuators of synthesized graphene oxide/gelatin composite hydrogels: Effect of oxidation degree of graphene oxide

Supanit Chungyampin, Wissanu Charerntanom, Phakkhananan Pakawanit, Nophawan Paradee and Sumonman Niamlang

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2024, 380, 116032
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.116032

Mathematical Modeling of Light-Powered Self-Adhesion of Peeling Strips via Abrupt Transition

Dali Ge, Shenshen Wei and Yanli Hu

Mathematics, 2025, 13, 3390
DOI: 10.3390/math13213390

Fast‐Response and Large‐Deformation Moisture‐Driven Janus Structured Fiber Actuator Composed of Multiscale Hydrophilic‐Hydrophobic Interfaces

Xiang Ding, Jianwen Chen, Zenghe Liu, Zunfeng Liu and Yutian Zhu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202518322

Bioinspired Soft Microactuators

Pingan Zhu, Rifei Chen, Chunmei Zhou, Michael Aizenberg, Joanna Aizenberg and Liqiu Wang

Advanced Materials, 2021, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008558

Highly Conductive MXene Film Actuator Based on Moisture Gradients

Jingfeng Wang, Yuyan Liu, Zhongjun Cheng, Zhimin Xie, Liang Yin, Wu Wang, Yingbin Song, Haiyang Zhang, Youshan Wang and Zhimin Fan

Angewandte Chemie, 2020, 132, 14133
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003737

Tough and Multifunctional Composite Film Actuators Based on Cellulose Nanofibers toward Smart Wearables

Jie Wei, Shuai Jia, Jie Wei, Chao Ma and Ziqiang Shao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 38700
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09653

Photoelectric synergistic response properties of the Ti3C2Tx MXene-CNT/PDMS bilayer actuator

Huiqin Li, Ze Wu, Youqiang Xing, Bingjue Li and Lei Liu

Nano Energy, 2022, 103, 107821
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107821

Smart Devices Based on the Soft Actuator with Nafion-Polypropylene-PDMS/Graphite Multilayer Structure

Yao Wei, Shihao Li, Xiaofan Zhang, Yanjun Fu and Kejian Chen

Applied Sciences, 2020, 10, 1829
DOI: 10.3390/app10051829

Multifunctional, Bioinspired, and Moisture Responsive Graphene Oxide/Tapioca Starch Nanocomposites

Hiran Chathuranga, Ifra Marriam, Zhanying Zhang, Jennifer MacLeod, Yinong Liu, Hong Yang and Cheng Yan

Adv Materials Technologies, 2022, 7
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100447

Moisture‐Driven Actuators

Gangqiang Tang, Xin Zhao, Shilong Liu, Dong Mei, Chun Zhao, Lijie Li and Yanjie Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202412254

High Performance and Multifunction Moisture‐Driven Yin–Yang‐Interface Actuators Derived from Polyacrylamide Hydrogel

Jingjing Li, Guanghao Zhang, Zhanpeng Cui, Lili Bao, Zhigang Xia, Zunfeng Liu and Xiang Zhou

Small, 2023, 19
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303228

Asymmetric flexible graphene oxide papers for moisture-driven actuators and water level indicators

Faezeh Ejehi, Mohaddeseh Vafaiee, Omid Bavi, Vahid Mahmoudi Maymand, Elham Asadian and Raheleh Mohammadpour

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2024, 107, 406
DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.07.089

Soft Untethered Robots and Grippers Based on Humidity-Gated Magnetic-Responsive Film Actuators

Xuhan Gao, Li Zhang, Sitong Wang, Tian Yang and Huanjun Li

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2021, 3, 4726
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00978

Multistimulus-Responsive Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/Starch Soft Actuators

Hiran Chathuranga, Ifra Marriam, Su Chen, Zhanying Zhang, Jennifer MacLeod, Yinong Liu, Hong Yang and Cheng Yan

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 16772
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03486

Artificial Helical Screws of 2D Materials with Archimedean Spiral Arrangement

Ho Seong Hwang, Hong Ju Jung, Jin Goo Kim, Hyeon Su Jeong, Won Jun Lee and Sang Ouk Kim

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202212997

Protonation and deprotonation of edges in graphene oxide and MXenes as a driving force for actuation in responsive 2D membranes

Qian Wang, Xiangyu Guo, Mo Lin, Kou Yang, Musen Chen, Siyu Chen, Maxim Trubyanov, Kostya S. Novoselov and Daria V. Andreeva

Nat Commun, 2025, 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63800-9

Conjugated Poly(ionic liquid)‐Based Nanoporous Membrane for Rapid Moisture Response

Ya‐Jun Zhang, Hao Wu, Liang‐Xiao Tan, Yi Wei, Ju‐Jie Ren, Ya‐Juan Li, Xu‐Dong Yu and Jian‐Ke Sun

Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2023, 44
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200846

Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators

Zhongbao Wang, Yixin Chen, Yuan Ma and Jing Wang

Biomimetics, 2024, 9, 128
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030128

Carbon-based functional materials for atmospheric water utilization

Wenya He, Tengyu Lin, Huhu Cheng and Liangti Qu

Nano Res., 2023, 16, 12491
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6169-x

MXene-Based Soft Humidity-Driven Actuator with High Sensitivity and Fast Response

Jiaxin Wu, Wenfei Ai, Yue Long and Kai Song

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 27650
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04111

Recent progress on the smart membranes based on two-dimensional materials

Xinyu Ai, Yu-Hao Li, Yi-Wei Li, Tiantian Gao and Kai-Ge Zhou

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2022, 33, 2832
DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.013

An environment-friendly gradient double-layer wearable hydrogel strain sensor for human motion monitoring and deformation recognition actuator

Jian Xu, Lili Ren, Wei Song, Nan Wu, Zeyu Wang, Shuai Wang, Qiancheng He and Qingzhu Zhang

Sci. China Mater., 2025, 68, 1162
DOI: 10.1007/s40843-024-3227-7

Vapomechanical soft actuators based on graphene-polymer Nanocomposite/Metal hybrid structure for visual detection of chloroform

Leeladhar and J.P. Singh

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2019, 296, 87
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.006

Soft Actuators Based On Carbon Nanomaterials

Longfei Chang, Dongping Wang, Ajuan Jiang and Ying Hu

ChemPlusChem, 2022, 87
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100437

Macromolecular bridging-enhanced holey graphene oxide-based film and its humidity deformation response

Yue Zhao, Fan Wu, Yifan Zhao, Chao Sui, Chao Wang, Ben Jiang, Wenxiang Liu and Huifeng Tan

iScience, 2022, 25, 105496
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105496

Hygroresponsive Torsional Yarns and Actuators Based on Cascade Amplification of the Deformation

Hui Chen, Sunjie Ye, Qianyi Tao, Zhuang Chen, Yingfeng Tu and Xiaoming Yang

Macro Materials & Eng, 2021, 306
DOI: 10.1002/mame.202000822

Optimal humidity-responsive actuators of heterostructured MXene nanosheets/3D-MXene membrane

Tianjie Hou, Shufen Wang, Jianmin Li, Yu Wang, Yang Zhang, Lei Cao, Shixian Xiong, Lanlan Fan and Feng Gu

Smart Mater. Struct., 2023, 32, 065014
DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/acd1c8

Nafion/polyimide based programmable moisture-driven actuators for functional structures and robots

Gangqiang Tang, Chun Zhao, Xin Zhao, Dong Mei, Yifan Pan, Bo Li, Lijie Li and Yanjie Wang

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 393, 134152
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134152

Biomimetic Daytime Radiative Cooling Technology: Prospects and Challenges for Practical Application

Jiale Wang, Haiyang Chen, Xiaxiao Tian, Dongxiao Hu, Yufan Liu, Jiayue Li, Ke Zhang, Hongliang Huang, Jie Yan and Bin Li

Materials, 2025, 18, 4556
DOI: 10.3390/ma18194556

Flexible, biocompatible and highly conductive MXene-graphene oxide film for smart actuator and humidity sensor

Guangwen Jia, Ao Zheng, Xiao Wang, Lu Zhang, Ling Li, Chenxing Li, Yan Zhang and Lingyan Cao

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 346, 130507
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130507

Biomimetic Intelligent Thermal Management Materials: From Nature‐Inspired Design to Machine‐Learning‐Driven Discovery

Heng Zhang, Qingxia He, Fei Zhang, Yanshuai Duan, Mengmeng Qin and Wei Feng

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202503140

Actuation and locomotion driven by moisture in paper made with natural pollen

Ze Zhao, Youngkyu Hwang, Yun Yang, Tengfei Fan, Juha Song, Subra Suresh and Nam-Joon Cho

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2020, 117, 8711
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922560117

Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks with Polyethylene Glycol as Self‐Sustained Humidity‐Responsive Actuators

Tianhui Mao, Zhaoyi Liu, Xiuxiu Guo, Zhifang Wang, Jinjin Liu, Ting Wang, Shubo Geng, Yao Chen, Peng Cheng and Zhenjie Zhang

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216318

A weldable MXene film assisted by water

Jingfeng Wang, Yuyan Liu, Yuqi Yang, Junqi Wang, Hui Kang, Haipeng Yang, Dongjie Zhang, Zhongjun Cheng, Zhimin Xie, Huifeng Tan and Zhimin Fan

Matter, 2022, 5, 1042
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.01.014

Snap-through self-peeling of liquid crystal elastomer bilayers under constant light

Dali Ge, Shenshen Wei, Yongsheng Liang and Kai Li

Thin-Walled Structures, 2026, 219, 114260
DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2025.114260

Humidity‐Induced Self‐Oscillating and Self‐Healing Hypercrosslinked Metal–Organic Polyhedra Membranes

Jiamin Li, Zhaoyi Liu, Jinjin Liu, Xue Liu, Yang Luo, Jiajie Liang and Zhenjie Zhang

Advanced Science, 2024, 11
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307376

Multifunctional bionanohybrids of graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrin for applications in methylene blue adsorption, solvent response, and smart light-driven

Xue-Min Yang, Yu-Ping Wu, Yue Qi, Meng-Ting Zheng, Fen Xie, Qian-Ting Wang, Xue-Qing Xiao and Dan Xiao

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2024, 404, 124977
DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124977

Sensitively Humidity-Driven Actuator and Sensor Derived from Natural Skin System

Yingte Wang, Rong Duan, Zhaomin Tong, Bohan Wang, Zhiyang Zhang and Yawei Li

SSRN Journal, 2022
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4106350

Fabrication of Janus GO/rGO humidity actuator by one-step electrochemical reduction route

Zeriş Aksu, Cengiz Han Şahin and Murat Alanyalıoğlu

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 354, 131198
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131198

A Shift from Efficiency to Adaptability: Recent Progress in Biomimetic Interactive Soft Robotics in Wet Environments

Jielun Fang, Yanfeng Zhuang, Kailang Liu, Zhuo Chen, Zhou Liu, Tiantian Kong, Jianhong Xu and Cheng Qi

Advanced Science, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104347

Fiber-Shaped Soft Actuators: Fabrication, Actuation Mechanism and Application

Yue Yu, Juanjuan Wang, Xue Han, Shuguang Yang, Gaihong An and Conghua Lu

Adv. Fiber Mater., 2023, 5, 868
DOI: 10.1007/s42765-022-00254-4

Moisture-Triggered 71000-Fold Stiffness Change Materials Via Crystallization and Hydrogen Bonding

Xinyue Chen, Yun Wu, Zhu Long, Dan Zhang and Pengxiang Si

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 69951
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c17511

Bioinspired Flexible Film as Intelligent Moisture-Responsive Actuators and Noncontact Sensors

Yuanhang Ge, Jiaxi Zeng, Bo Hu, Dong-Yuan Yang, Yizhen Shao and Hongbin Lu

Giant, 2022, 11, 100107
DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2022.100107

A review of humidity-driven actuator: toward high response speed and practical applications

Wei Pu, Fanan Wei, Ligang Yao and Shuangxi Xie

J Mater Sci, 2022, 57, 12202
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-022-07344-z

Design of MXene Composites with Biomimetic Rapid and Self-Oscillating Actuation under Ambient Circumstances

Tongfei Xu, Danfeng Pei, Shanyu Yu, Xiaofang Zhang, Meigui Yi and Chaoxu Li

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 31978
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06343

A Highly Sensitive, Reversible, and Bidirectional Humidity Actuator by Calcium Carbonate Ionic Oligomers Incorporated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)

Yan He, Kangren Kong, Zhengxi Guo, Weifeng Fang, Zaiqiang Ma, Haihua Pan, Ruikang Tang and Zhaoming Liu

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101291

Snap-through self-sliding of a liquid crystal elastomer-skateboard photo-oscillator

Dali Ge, Xiangshun Zhou, Xiaodong Liang and Kai Li

Thin-Walled Structures, 2026, 226, 114951
DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2026.114951

Bio-inspired graphene-based nano-systems for biomedical applications

Sheetal Kaushik Bhardwaj, Mubarak Mujawar, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Nicoleta Hickman, Murthy Chavali and Ajeet Kaushik

Nanotechnology, 2021, 32, 502001
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1bdb

Smart Silk Origami as Eco-sensors for Environmental Pollution

Saphia A. L. Matthew, Gemma Egan, Kimia Witte, Jirada Kaewchuchuen, Suttinee Phuagkhaopong, John D. Totten and F. Philipp Seib

ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2022, 5, 3658
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00023

Bioinspired dual-response actuators with Janus structure and good biodegradability

Tiantian Yang, Jingxuan You, Chunchun Yin, Jinming Zhang, Yirong Wang and Jun Zhang

Cellulose, 2023, 30, 3699
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-023-05104-z

Self-Oscillation of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber-Slide System Driven by Self-Flickering Light Source

Dali Ge, Qingrui Hong, Xin Liu and Haiyi Liang

Polymers, 2024, 16, 3298
DOI: 10.3390/polym16233298

Construction of Gradient Structure Based on Janus MXene Film Contributing to Bioinspired Actuating Performances

Yangmin Jing, Yu Zhao, Xiaohui Cao, Kerui Li, Chengyi Hou, Qinghong Zhang, Yaogang Li and Hongzhi Wang

Adv Eng Mater, 2025, 27
DOI: 10.1002/adem.202500643