A green paper-based analytical device for detection of tin in canned fruit samples

Abstract

A quick and simple fabrication process of a paper-based device using 3D printing of a polylactic acid polymer as an industrially compostable hydrophobic barrier was developed and applied to determine tin(IV) in canned fruit samples with sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan Linn.) extract. The analysis protocol is based on the complexation of tin(IV) with brazilein from sappan wood extract. Under optimal conditions, a standard curve was obtained with a linear equation y = 7.5322x + 3.4933 and coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9959. The intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 2.5 (n = 8) and 5.2 (n = 9)% relative standard deviations, respectively for different fruit matrices containing more than 58.5 µg g⁻¹ of tin. The detection limit was 1 mg L⁻¹. The accuracy of the method was validated using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis indicated no difference (p > 0.05) between the two methods. Greenness of the developed method was evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) software assessment tool.