This review explores different paths to replace traditional HTMs, it discusses recent advancements in conjugated organic-HTMs, organic-SAMs and polymeric-HTMs, aiming to improve the efficiency and stability of lead and tin-based PSCs.
We report dopant-free indolo[3,2-a]carbazole HTMs (C12Cbz-IC and C12Phz-IC) enabling efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through favorable energy alignment, fast hole transport, reduced recombination, and cost-effective dopant-free operation.
Several HTMs have been designed by adding various types of π-conjugation group on both sides of the planar core of reference HTM, resulting that charge transfer integral is the dominant factor which mainly influence the hole mobility.
This review critically analyses the chemical design and functionality of phthalocyanines in perovskite solar cells, which are generally applied in the perovskite layer, as the hole transport layer, or as an interlayer.
The development of a new structure is one of the important approaches for the advancement of efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs).