The nonequilibrium behaviors of covalent adaptable network polymers during the topology transition

Xiaojuan Shi, Qi Ge, Haibao Lu and Kai Yu

Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2104
DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01471K

The effect of alignment on the rate-dependent behavior of a main-chain liquid crystal elastomer

Cristina P. Martin Linares, Nicholas A. Traugutt, Mohand O. Saed, Alejandro Martin Linares, Christopher M. Yakacki and Thao D. Nguyen

Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 8782
DOI: 10.1039/D0SM00125B

Folding fluorescent probes for self-reporting transesterification in dynamic polymer networks

Sheng Wang, Hong Wang, Peisheng Zhang, Lulu Xue, Jian Chen and Jiaxi Cui

Mater. Horiz., 2021, 8, 1481
DOI: 10.1039/D0MH02024A

Influence of treating parameters on thermomechanical properties of recycled epoxy-acid vitrimers

Honggeng Li, Biao Zhang, Kai Yu, Chao Yuan, Cong Zhou, Martin L. Dunn, H. Jerry Qi, Qian Shi, Qi-Huo Wei, Ji Liu and Qi Ge

Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 1668
DOI: 10.1039/C9SM02220A

Synthesis of amorphous lowTgpolyesters with multiple COOH side groups and their utilization for elastomeric vitrimers based on post-polymerization cross-linking

Mikihiro Hayashi, Ryoto Yano and Akinori Takasu

Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 2047
DOI: 10.1039/C9PY00293F

Polymer actuators based on covalent adaptable networks

Yahe Wu, Yen Wei and Yan Ji

Polym. Chem., 2020, 11, 5297
DOI: 10.1039/D0PY00075B

3D Printing of continuous fiber composites using two-stage UV curable resin

Huan Jiang, Arif M. Abdullah, Yuchen Ding, Christopher Chung, Martin L. Dunn and Kai Yu

Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 5508
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH01304A

Thermomechanical properties of monodomain nematic main-chain liquid crystal elastomers

Daniel R. Merkel, Nicholas A. Traugutt, Rayshan Visvanathan, Christopher M. Yakacki and Carl P. Frick

Soft Matter, 2018, 14, 6024
DOI: 10.1039/C8SM01178H

Fully biomass-derived vitrimeric material with water-mediated recyclability and monomer recovery

Zhuang Mao Png, Jie Zheng, Sirin Kamarulzaman, Sheng Wang, Zibiao Li and Shermin S. Goh

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5978
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC01556K

Recent progress in dynamic covalent chemistries for liquid crystal elastomers

Zhijian Wang and Shengqiang Cai

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 6610
DOI: 10.1039/D0TB00754D

Liquid crystalline networks based on photo-initiated thiol–ene click chemistry

Yuzhan Li, Yuehong Zhang, Monojoy Goswami, Dan Vincent, Liwei Wang, Tuan Liu, Kai Li, Jong K. Keum, Zhenhua Gao, Soydan Ozcan, Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, Orlando Rios and Michael R. Kessler

Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 1760
DOI: 10.1039/C9SM01818B

Permanent and reversibly programmable shapes in liquid crystal elastomer microparticles capable of shape switching

Alina M. Martinez, Lewis M. Cox, Jason P. Killgore, Nicholas J. Bongiardina, Russell D. Riley and Christopher N. Bowman

Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 467
DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01836H

Dynamic reversible bonds enable external stress-free two-way shape memory effect of a polymer network and the interrelated intrinsic self-healability of wider crack and recyclability

Long Fei Fan, Min Zhi Rong, Ming Qiu Zhang and Xu Dong Chen

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 16053
DOI: 10.1039/C8TA05751F

Vitrimerization as a bridge of chemical and mechanical recycling

Amirhossein Enayati Gerdroodbar, Vahid Karimkhani, Erfan Dashtimoghadam and Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 112897
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.112897

Processing and reprocessing liquid crystal elastomer actuators

Devesh Mistry, Nicholas A. Traugutt, Kai Yu and Christopher M. Yakacki

Journal of Applied Physics, 2021, 129
DOI: 10.1063/5.0044533

Surface‐Enforced Alignment of Reprogrammable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

Tayler S. Hebner, Bruce E. Kirkpatrick, Kristi S. Anseth, Christopher N. Bowman and Timothy J. White

Advanced Science, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204003

Shaping soft materials via digital light processing-based 3D printing: A review

Qi Ge, Bingcong Jian and Honggeng Li

Forces in Mechanics, 2022, 6, 100074
DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100074

Liquid Crystalline Vitrimers with Full or Partial Boronic‐Ester Bond Exchange

Mohand O. Saed, Alexandra Gablier and Eugene M. Terentejv

Adv Funct Materials, 2020, 30
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201906458

Increasing strengths of liquid crystalline polymers while minimizing anisotropy via topological rearrangement assisted bi-directional stretching of reversibly interlocked macromolecular networks

Sheng Jie Yuan, Zhong Quan Peng, Min Zhi Rong and Ming Qiu Zhang

Applied Materials Today, 2022, 29, 101643
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101643

Double Networks of Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Strength

Xueyan Lin, Weike Zou and Eugene M. Terentjev

Macromolecules, 2022, 55, 810
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02065

Siloxane crosslinks with dynamic bond exchange enable shape programming in liquid-crystalline elastomers

Mohand O. Saed and Eugene M. Terentjev

Sci Rep, 2020, 10
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63508-4

Progress in Utilizing Dynamic Bonds to Fabricate Structurally Adaptive Self‐Healing, Shape Memory, and Liquid Crystal Polymers

Chun Zhang, Xili Lu, Zhanhua Wang and Hesheng Xia

Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2022, 43
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100768

A comprehensive review of 4D-printed thermo-responsive hydrogel-based smart actuators for solar steam generation: Advanced design, modeling, manufacturing, and finite element analysis

Nitai Chandra Adak and Wonoh Lee

Progress in Materials Science, 2025, 148, 101377
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101377

Catalytic Control of Plastic Flow in Siloxane-Based Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Networks

Mohand O. Saed and Eugene M. Terentjev

ACS Macro Lett., 2020, 9, 749
DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00265

3D Printable and Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Light‐Induced Shape Memory via Dynamic Bond Exchange

Emily C. Davidson, Arda Kotikian, Shucong Li, Joanna Aizenberg and Jennifer A. Lewis

Advanced Materials, 2020, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905682

Implantation of Recyclability and Healability into Cross-Linked Commercial Polymers by Applying the Vitrimer Concept

Mikihiro Hayashi

Polymers, 2020, 12, 1322
DOI: 10.3390/polym12061322

The Effect of Phenyl Content on the Liquid Crystal-Based Organosilicone Elastomers with Mechanical Adaptability

Zhe Liu, Hua Wang and Chuanjian Zhou

Polymers, 2022, 14, 903
DOI: 10.3390/polym14050903

Exchangeable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Their Applications

Mohand O. Saed, Alexandra Gablier and Eugene M. Terentjev

Chem. Rev., 2022, 122, 4927
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01057

Exploring the effect of dynamic bond placement in liquid crystal elastomers

Charlie A. Lindberg, Elina Ghimire, Chuqiao Chen, Sean Lee, Neil D. Dolinski, Joseph M. Dennis, Sihong Wang, Juan J. de Pablo and Stuart J. Rowan

Journal of Polymer Science, 2024, 62, 907
DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230547

Diketoenamine‐Based Vitrimers via Thiol‐ene Photopolymerization

Logan D. Dugas, William D. Walker, Rahul Shankar, Keely S. Hoppmeyer, Travis L. Thornell, Sarah E. Morgan, Robson F. Storey, Derek L. Patton and Yoan C. Simon

Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2022, 43
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200249

One‐Step Manufacturing of Supramolecular Liquid‐Crystal Elastomers by Stress‐Induced Alignment and Hydrogen Bond Exchange

Yuexin Fan, Tuan Liu, Yuzhan Li, Xuepei Miao, Baihang Chen, Jian Ding, Zhixiang Dong, Orlando Rios, Bingkun Bao, Qiuning Lin and Linyong Zhu

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202308793

NIR‐Encoded Shape Recovery and Regulated Reversible Stress of Shape Memory Polymer

Junhui Gong, Pengrui Cao, Jing Yang, Zhangzhang Tang, Xinrui Zhang, Qihua Wang, Tingmei Wang, Xianqiang Pei and Yaoming Zhang

Macro Materials & Eng, 2022, 307
DOI: 10.1002/mame.202200354

The evolution of mechanical actuation: from conventional actuators to artificial muscles

Carlo Greco, Parth Kotak, Leonardo Pagnotta and Caterina Lamuta

International Materials Reviews, 2022, 67, 575
DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2021.1971428

High-performance fibrous artificial muscle based on reversible shape memory UHMWPE

Y. Li, L. Min, J.H. Xin, L.H. Wang, Q.H. Wu, L.F. Fan, F. Gan and H. Yu

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, 20, 7
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.07.045

Mechanics of transiently cross-linked nematic networks

Shankar Lalitha Sridhar and Franck J. Vernerey

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2020, 141, 104021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104021

Real-Time Alignment and Reorientation of Polymer Chains in Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Chaoqian Luo, Christopher Chung, Christopher M. Yakacki, Kevin Long and Kai Yu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 1961
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20082

Imine-Based Reactive Mesogen and Its Corresponding Exchangeable Liquid Crystal Elastomer

Xueyan Lin, Alexandra Gablier and Eugene M. Terentjev

Macromolecules, 2022, 55, 821
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02432

Elastomers Grow into Actuators

Huan Liang, Yahe Wu, Yubai Zhang, Erqiang Chen, Yen Wei and Yan Ji

Advanced Materials, 2023, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209853

Evolution of material properties during the solvent-assisted recycling of thermosetting polymers: to reduce the residual stress and material inhomogeneity

X. Shi, D. Soule, Q. Ge, H. Lu and K. Yu

Materials Today Sustainability, 2022, 19, 100167
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2022.100167

Hydrogen Bonding-Derived Healable Polyacrylate Elastomers via On-demand Copolymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate and tert-Butyl Acrylate

Wenyan Wang, Zongxu Liu, Zijian Guo, Junliang Zhang, Chunmei Li, Shuai Qiu, Xingfeng Lei and Qiuyu Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 50812
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13837

Low-temperature reprogrammable dual light-responsive liquid crystalline elastomer films

Gautam Das, Hyunjin Jo and Soo-Young Park

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 466, 143368
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143368

Remotely Controlled, Reversible, On-Demand Assembly and Reconfiguration of 3D Mesostructures via Liquid Crystal Elastomer Platforms

Yi Li, Chaoqian Luo, Kai Yu and Xueju Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 8929
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21371

Repeated Intrinsic Self-Healing of Wider Cracks in Polymer via Dynamic Reversible Covalent Bonding Molecularly Combined with a Two-Way Shape Memory Effect

Long Fei Fan, Min Zhi Rong, Ming Qiu Zhang and Xu Dong Chen

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10, 38538
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15636

One‐Step Manufacturing of Supramolecular Liquid‐Crystal Elastomers by Stress‐Induced Alignment and Hydrogen Bond Exchange

Yuexin Fan, Tuan Liu, Yuzhan Li, Xuepei Miao, Baihang Chen, Jian Ding, Zhixiang Dong, Orlando Rios, Bingkun Bao, Qiuning Lin and Linyong Zhu

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308793

Photodeformable Azobenzene‐Containing Liquid Crystal Polymers and Soft Actuators

Xinlei Pang, Jiu‐an Lv, Chongyu Zhu, Lang Qin and Yanlei Yu

Advanced Materials, 2019, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904224

Multistable Conventional Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Actuators Using Only Visible Light: The Decisive Role of Small Amounts of Unpolymerized Monomers

Sebastian Fredrich, Tom Engels and Albert P. H. J. Schenning

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2022, 4, 7751
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01298

Functional Liquid Crystal Elastomers Based on Dynamic Covalent Chemistry

Cristian Valenzuela, Yuanhao Chen, Ling Wang and Wei Feng

Chemistry A European J, 2022, 28
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201957

Intrinsically Photothermal‐Driven and Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators Enabled by Multifunctional Dynamic Covalent Organic Photothermal Molecules

Yangyang Zhu, Jiaxiang Huang, Hao Mi, Zhentian Xu, Yun Ai, Sihui Gong, Chunquan Li, Meng Wang and Lie Chen

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202421915

Programming actuation onset of a liquid crystalline elastomer via isomerization of network topology

Guancong Chen, Haijun Feng, Xiaorui Zhou, Feng Gao, Kai Zhou, Youju Huang, Binjie Jin, Tao Xie and Qian Zhao

Nat Commun, 2023, 14
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42594-8

Stepless shape morphing polymer

Lei Min, Min Zhu, Hanlun Lu, Yao Li, Longfei Fan, Mingqiu Zhang and Minzhi Rong

SmartMat, 2023, 4
DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1134

Materials, design, and fabrication of shape programmable polymers

Xiao Kuang, Devin J Roach, Craig M Hamel, Kai Yu and H Jerry Qi

Multifunct. Mater., 2020, 3, 032002
DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/aba1d9

3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams for Enhanced Energy Dissipation Under Mechanical Insult

Chaoqian Luo, Christopher Chung, Nicholas A. Traugutt, Christopher M. Yakacki, Kevin N. Long and Kai Yu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 12698
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17538

Current State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in the Design and Application of Vitrimeric Systems

Diego Pugliese and Giulio Malucelli

Molecules, 2025, 30, 569
DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030569

Molecularly‐Engineered, 4D‐Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators

Mohand O. Saed, Cedric P. Ambulo, Hyun Kim, Rohit De, Vyom Raval, Kyle Searles, Danyal A. Siddiqui, John Michael O. Cue, Mihaela C. Stefan, M. Ravi Shankar and Taylor H. Ware

Adv Funct Materials, 2019, 29
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806412

Enabling Applications of Covalent Adaptable Networks

Matthew K. McBride, Brady T. Worrell, Tobin Brown, Lewis M. Cox, Nancy Sowan, Chen Wang, Maciej Podgorski, Alina M. Martinez and Christopher N. Bowman

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng., 2019, 10, 175
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030217

Toward Stimuli‐Responsive Dynamic Thermosets through Continuous Development and Improvements in Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs)

Maciej Podgórski, Benjamin D. Fairbanks, Bruce E. Kirkpatrick, Matthew McBride, Alina Martinez, Adam Dobson, Nicholas J. Bongiardina and Christopher N. Bowman

Advanced Materials, 2020, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906876

Mesogen Organizations in Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers Under Different Deformation Conditions

Christopher Chung, Huan Jiang and Kai Yu

Small, 2024, 20
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402305

Extrudable Covalently Cross‐Linked Thio‐Urethane Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

Mohand O. Saed, Alexandra Gablier and Eugene M. Terentjev

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202307202

Covalent Adaptable Networks from Polyacrylates Based on Oxime–Urethane Bond Exchange Reaction

Yu Sotoyama, Naoto Iwata and Seiichi Furumi

IJMS, 2024, 25, 12897
DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312897

Photopolymerisable liquid crystals for additive manufacturing

Guang Hu, Biao Zhang, Stephen M. Kelly, Jingjing Cui, Kailong Zhang, Weiwei Hu, Dandan Min, Shijie Ding and Wei Huang

Additive Manufacturing, 2022, 55, 102861
DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102861

Enhancing Hole Transport and Autonomous Healing Properties of Supramolecular Columns in Unsymmetrical Discotics

Madhusudan Maity, Praveen Choudhary, Alvin Joseph, Santosh Prasad Gupta, Manoj A. G. Namboothiry and Santanu Kumar Pal

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 68041
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11561

A sustainable manufacturing method of thermoset composites based on covalent adaptable network polymers

Xu He, Xiaojuan Shi, Christopher Chung, Zepeng Lei, Wei Zhang and Kai Yu

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021, 221, 109004
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109004

Influences of material and processing conditions on the depolymerization speed of anhydride-cured epoxy during the solvent-assisted recycling

Xiaojuan Shi, Xu He, Chaoqian Luo, Christopher Chung, Yuchen Ding and Kai Yu

Polymer, 2022, 252, 124964
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124964

Reprogrammable 3D Liquid‐Crystalline Actuators with Precisely Controllable Stepwise Actuation

Qiaomei Chen, Weiwei Li, Yen Wei and Yan Ji

Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2021, 3
DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000249

Liquid crystalline elastomer actuators with dynamic covalent bonding: Synthesis, alignment, reprogrammability, and self-healing

Gautam Das and Soo-Young Park

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2023, 27, 101076
DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2023.101076

Untethered Recyclable Tubular Actuators with Versatile Locomotion for Soft Continuum Robots

Xiaojie Qian, Qiaomei Chen, Yang Yang, Yanshuang Xu, Zhen Li, Zhenhua Wang, Yahe Wu, Yen Wei and Yan Ji

Advanced Materials, 2018, 30
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801103

Liquid crystal elastomers: an introduction and review of emerging technologies

Sabina W. Ula, Nicholas A. Traugutt, Ross H. Volpe, Ravi R. Patel, Kai Yu and Christopher M. Yakacki

Liquid Crystals Reviews, 2018, 6, 78
DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1530155

Light-responsive patternable photonic cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers containing azobenzene and disulfide linkages

Khuong Luu, Hyun-Jin Jo, You-Jeong Jeong and Soo-Young Park

European Polymer Journal, 2025, 226, 113744
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113744

Modeling Viscoelasticity and Dynamic Nematic Order of Exchangeable Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Jiameng Zhao and Fanlong Meng

Phys. Rev. Lett., 2023, 131
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.068101

Thermally-induced two-way shape memory polymers: Mechanisms, structures, and applications

Mohadeseh Zare, Molamma P. Prabhakaran, Nader Parvin and Seeram Ramakrishna

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 374, 706
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.167

Thiol-acrylate Catalyst Enabled Post-Synthesis Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Actuators

Huan Liang, Ya-Wen Liu, Hong-Tu Xu, Yang Yang, En-Jian He, Zhijun Yang, Yen Wei and Yan Ji

Chin J Polym Sci, 2023, 41, 1656
DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-3031-2

Intrinsically Photothermal‐Driven and Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators Enabled by Multifunctional Dynamic Covalent Organic Photothermal Molecules

Yangyang Zhu, Jiaxiang Huang, Hao Mi, Zhentian Xu, Yun Ai, Sihui Gong, Chunquan Li, Meng Wang and Lie Chen

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202421915

Recyclable 3D Printing of Polyimine-Based Covalent Adaptable Network Polymers

Xu He, Zepeng Lei, Wei Zhang and Kai Yu

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, 2019, 6, 31
DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2018.0115

Imparting External Stress-Free Two-Way Shape Memory Effect to Commodity Polyolefins by Manipulation of Their Hierarchical Structures

Long Fei Fan, Ya Nan Huang, Min Zhi Rong, Ming Qiu Zhang and Xudong Chen

ACS Macro Lett., 2019, 8, 1141
DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00467

Transesterification in Epoxy–Thiol Exchangeable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

Alexandra Gablier, Mohand O. Saed and Eugene M. Terentjev

Macromolecules, 2020, 53, 8642
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01757

Effect of gold and graphene oxide nanoparticles on the thermo- and photo-actuation of monodomain liquid crystal elastomers

Marco A. De Jesús-Téllez, Isaura Felix-Serrano, Rosa Julia Rodríguez-González, Dámaso Navarro-Rodríguez and Leticia Larios-López

Polymer, 2020, 205, 122837
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122837

Synthesis and alignment of liquid crystalline elastomers

Katie M. Herbert, Hayden E. Fowler, Joselle M. McCracken, Kyle R. Schlafmann, Jeremy A. Koch and Timothy J. White

Nat Rev Mater, 2021, 7, 23
DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00359-z

Programming Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Networks with Dynamic Covalent Bonds

Binjie Jin and Shu Yang

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202304769

Thermal Gradient-Driven Heterogeneous Actuation of Liquid Crystal Elastomers for a Crawling Robot

Yi Li, Zizheng Wang, Yongyu Lu, Huijie Li, Zhengyan Weng, Jiahan Sun, Yi Zhang, Teng Zhang and Xueju Sophie Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 9992
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c00638

Processing advances in liquid crystal elastomers provide a path to biomedical applications

Cedric P. Ambulo, Seelay Tasmim, Suitu Wang, Mustafa K. Abdelrahman, Philippe E. Zimmern and Taylor H. Ware

Journal of Applied Physics, 2020, 128
DOI: 10.1063/5.0021143

Mechanics-based design strategies for 4D printing: A review

Chao Yuan, Tongqing Lu and T.J. Wang

Forces in Mechanics, 2022, 7, 100081
DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100081

External stress-free reversible multiple shape memory polymer enabled by using broad melting range as equivalent multiple switching phases

Yanan Huang, Guiqing Dang, Min Zhu, Longfei Fan, Minzhi Rong and Mingqiu Zhang

Applied Materials Today, 2023, 30, 101709
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101709

A New Strategy of Discretionarily Reconfigurable Actuators Based on Self‐Healing Elastomers for Diverse Soft Robots

Jiaming Lou, Zenghe Liu, Lei Yang, Yifan Guo, Dong Lei and Zhengwei You

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202008328

Phase patterning of liquid crystal elastomers by laser-induced dynamic crosslinking

Seok Hwan Choi, Ju Hee Kim, Jiyong Ahn, Taegyeom Kim, Yeongju Jung, Daeyeon Won, Junhyuk Bang, Kyung Rok Pyun, Seongmin Jeong, Hyunsu Kim, Young Gyu Kim and Seung Hwan Ko

Nat. Mater., 2024, 23, 834
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01845-9

Achieving High‐Strength Polymer Adhesion Through Bond Exchange at the Interphase

Ryota Ohnishi and Mikihiro Hayashi

Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2025, 46
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202401059

Visible-Light-Driven and Adaptable Liquid-Crystalline Elastomer Actuators Containing Dynamically Exchangeable Boron Ester and Disulfide Linkages

Gautam Das and Soo-Young Park

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 12739
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c00055

4D Printing of Liquid Crystals: What's Right for Me?

Marc del Pozo, Jeroen A. H. P. Sol, Albert P. H. J. Schenning and Michael G. Debije

Advanced Materials, 2022, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104390

Programmable Shape Change in Semicrystalline Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Mahjabeen Javed, Tyler Corazao, Mohand O. Saed, Cedric P. Ambulo, Yuzhan Li, Michael R. Kessler and Taylor H. Ware

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 35087
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07533

Materials as Machines

Joselle M. McCracken, Brian R. Donovan and Timothy J. White

Advanced Materials, 2020, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906564

New Prospects Arising from Dynamically Crosslinked Polymers: Reprogramming Their Properties

Yunchao Jia, Jingjing Qian, Senyuan Hao, Shijie Zhang, Fengchun Wei, Hongjuan Zheng, Yilong Li, Jingwen Song and Zhiwei Zhao

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313164

Effects of network structure of main-chain liquid crystal elastomer on its thermal actuation performance

Hyo-Jin Hong and Soo-Young Park

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2022, 110, 424
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.017

Reconfigurable and Weldable Visible-Light-Driven Liquid-Crystalline Actuators with Enhanced Dynamic Performance

Gautam Das, Hyunjin Jo and Soo-Young Park

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2024, 6, 7220
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c01072

Decoding Liquid Crystal Oligomer Phase Transitions: Toward Molecularly Engineered Shape Changing Materials

Yuanhang Guo, Jieun Lee, Jinha Son, Suk-kyun Ahn, Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo and Bobby G. Sumpter

Macromolecules, 2019, 52, 6878
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01218

Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Based on Click Chemistry

Yuzhan Li, Tuan Liu, Veronica Ambrogi, Orlando Rios, Min Xia, Wanli He and Zhou Yang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 14842
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21096

Vitrimers: Current research trends and their emerging applications

Jie Zheng, Zhuang Mao Png, Shi Hoe Ng, Guo Xiong Tham, Enyi Ye, Shermin S. Goh, Xian Jun Loh and Zibiao Li

Materials Today, 2021, 51, 586
DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.07.003

Recyclable and Self-Repairable Fluid-Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuator

Qiguang He, Zhijian Wang, Yang Wang, Zhaoqiang Song and Shengqiang Cai

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 35464
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10021

4D Printing of Seed Capsule‐Inspired Hygro‐Responsive Structures via Liquid Crystal Templating‐Assisted Vat Photopolymerization

Tengteng Tang, Saleh Alfarhan, Kailong Jin and Xiangjia Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202211602

Vitrimers: Associative dynamic covalent adaptive networks in thermoset polymers

Balaji Krishnakumar, R.V.S. Prasanna Sanka, Wolfgang H. Binder, Vijay Parthasarthy, Sravendra Rana and Niranjan Karak

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 385, 123820
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123820

Morphing of stiffness-heterogeneous liquid crystal elastomers via mechanical training and locally controlled photopolymerization

Yi Li, Gina Parlato, Francis K. Masese, Rajeswari M. Kasi, Teng Zhang and Xueju Wang

Matter, 2022, 5, 4332
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.08.019

Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview

Giulia Scalet

Actuators, 2020, 9, 10
DOI: 10.3390/act9010010

A diffusion-reaction computational study to reveal the depolymerization mechanisms of epoxy composites for recycling

C. Luo, C. Chung and K. Yu

Materials Today Sustainability, 2023, 23, 100452
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2023.100452

A readily programmable, fully reversible shape-switching material

Matthew K. McBride, Alina M. Martinez, Lewis Cox, Marvin Alim, Kimberly Childress, Michael Beiswinger, Maciej Podgorski, Brady T. Worrell, Jason Killgore and Christopher N. Bowman

Sci. Adv., 2018, 4
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4634

Revealing the unusual rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of nematic liquid crystal elastomers

Christopher Chung, Chaoqian Luo, Christopher M. Yakacki, Bo Song, Kevin Long and Kai Yu

International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2024, 292, 112712
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112712

The effect of dynamic cross-links and mesogenic groups on the swelling and collapse of polymer gels

Daniil E. Larin, Andrey V. Shibaev, Ch.-Y. Liu and Alexander V. Emelyanenko

Giant, 2024, 20, 100341
DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100341

4D printing of liquid crystal elastomer composites with continuous fiber reinforcement

Huan Jiang, Christopher Chung, Martin L. Dunn and Kai Yu

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52716-5

Adaptive liquid crystal polymers based on dynamic bonds: From fundamentals to functionalities

Ruochen Lan, Xiang‐Guo Hu, Jingyu Chen, Xingping Zeng, Xinyu Chen, Tongji Du, Xinyue Song and Huai Yang

Responsive Materials, 2024, 2
DOI: 10.1002/rpm.20230030

Solvent Content Controlling Strategy for Cocrystallizable Polyesters Enables a Stress‐Free Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect with Wider Service Temperatures

Qi Guo, Yaoming Zhang, Hongwei Ruan, Huiting Sun, Tingmei Wang, Qihua Wang and Chao Wang

Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2024, 45
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300534

Three-dimensional printing of functionally graded liquid crystal elastomer

Zijun Wang, Zhijian Wang, Yue Zheng, Qiguang He, Yang Wang and Shengqiang Cai

Sci. Adv., 2020, 6
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0034