Issue 27, 2004

CH/π hydrogen bonds in crystals

Abstract

The nature and characteristics of the CH/π interaction are discussed by comparison with other weak molecular forces such as the CH/O and OH/π interaction. The CH/π interaction is a kind of hydrogen bond operating between a soft acid CH and a soft base π-system (double and triple bonds, C6 and C5 aromatic rings, heteroaromatics, convex surfaces of fullerenes and nanotubes). The consequences of CH/π hydrogen bonds in supramolecular chemistry are reviewed on grounds of recent crystallographic findings and database analyses. The topics include intramolecular interactions, crystal packing (organic and organometallic compounds), host/guest complexes (cavity-type inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins and synthetic macrocyclic hosts such as calixarenes, catenanes, rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes), lattice-inclusion type clathrates (including liquid crystals, porphyrin derivatives, cyclopentadienyl compounds and C60 fullerenes), enantioselective clathrate formation, catalytic enantioface discriminating reactions and solid-state photoreaction. The implications of the CH/π concept for crystal engineering and drug design are evident.

Graphical abstract: CH/π hydrogen bonds in crystals

Article information

Article type
Highlight
Submitted
21 okt. 2003
Accepted
16 feb. 2004
First published
10 maí 2004

CrystEngComm, 2004,6, 130-158

CH/π hydrogen bonds in crystals

M. Nishio, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 130 DOI: 10.1039/B313104A

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