Hybrid organic–inorganic zeolites: status and perspectives

The modification of the properties of zeolites through the incorporation of organic groups into the framework is reviewed. Three main synthesis approaches are discussed: a) the incorporation of simple organic groups (mainly –CH₂–) into a known zeolite framework, b) the pillaring of pre-formed layered zeolite precursors, and c) the direct synthesis of microporous crystalline hybrid organic–inorganic metallosilicates. For each of these topics, the most relevant results reported in the literature are provided together with some considerations on the future perspectives.