Self-powered electrochemical energy systems to produce fuels

Abstract

In the pursuit of efficient fuel production, the challenges posed by the requirement of an external power source have prompted the need for self-powered energy systems by obtaining energy from the environment. Until now, significant progress on developing self-powered energy systems has been made. However, a more basic and in-depth study on their configuration is required for industrial applications. In this review, we outline the latest advancements of self-powered electrochemical energy systems constructed with solar energy, rechargeable batteries/fuel cells and triboelectric nanogenerators. Critical evaluations of the electrochemistry are highlighted to address the issues in elevating the efficiency of fuel production. In addition, the existing challenges and future prospects are also discussed, aiming to develop highly-efficient self-powered energy systems for green fuel production in the future.