Reverse transcription as key step in RNA in vitro evolution with unnatural base pairs

Eva S. Hoffmann, Mareike C. De Pascali, Lukas Neu, Christof Domnick, Alice Soldà and Stephanie Kath-Schorr

RSC Chem. Biol., 2024, 5, 556
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From polymerase engineering to semi-synthetic life: artificial expansion of the central dogma

Leping Sun, Xingyun Ma, Binliang Zhang, Yanjia Qin, Jiezhao Ma, Yuhui Du and Tingjian Chen

RSC Chem. Biol., 2022, 3, 1173
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Critical considerations of mRNA–LNP technology for CAR-T therapy: components, payloads and emerging horizons

YunFeng Qu, Renfa Liu, Desheng Sun and Zhifei Dai

Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, 8, 3106
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Ferrocene as a potential electrochemical reporting surrogate of abasic sites in DNA

Chiara Figazzolo, Yifeng Ma, James H. R. Tucker and Marcel Hollenstein

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 8125
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Enzymatic Synthesis of the Unnatural Nucleotide 2’‐Deoxyisoguanosine 5’‐Monophosphate

Fuping Zhao, Yifeng Wei, Xinyu Wang, Yan Zhou, Yang Tong, Ee Lui Ang, Shengnan Liu, Huimin Zhao and Yan Zhang

ChemBioChem, 2022, 23
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Advancements of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA) to enable translation into the clinics

Diana D. Kang, Haoyuan Li and Yizhou Dong

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2023, 199, 114961
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mRNA incorporation of C(5)-halogenated pyrimidine ribonucleotides and induced high expression of corresponding protein for the development of mRNA vaccine

Chabungbam Dhurbachandra Singh, Kazi Morshed Alom, Dinesh Kumar Kannan, Thokchom Simander Singh, Subhashish Samantaray, Guralamatta Siddappa Ravi Kumara and Young Jun Seo

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2023, 141, 106897
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Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of mRNA

Lei Yang, Liming Gong, Ping Wang, Xinghui Zhao, Feng Zhao, Zhijie Zhang, Yunfei Li and Wei Huang

Pharmaceutics, 2022, 14, 2682
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One-Pot Enzymatic Preparation of Oligonucleotides with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet via Controlled Pause and Restart of Primer Extension: Making Unnatural Out of Natural

Yijun Cao, Jingsi Bai, Jinrong Zou, Yuhui Du and Tingjian Chen

ACS Synth. Biol., 2023, 12, 2691
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mRNA therapy: A new frontier in regenerative medicine

Ding‐Ding Xue, Yue Zhang, An‐Ran Shen, Tao‐Tao Tang, Bi‐Cheng Liu and Lin‐Li Lv

Interdisciplinary Medicine, 2025, 3
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Synthesis of 6-Alkynylated Purine-Containing DNA via On-Column Sonogashira Coupling and Investigation of Their Base-Pairing Properties

Hidenori Okamura, Giang Hoang Trinh, Zhuoxin Dong, Wenjue Fan and Fumi Nagatsugi

Molecules, 2023, 28, 1766
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Two are not enough: synthetic strategies and applications of unnatural base pairs

Robert Dörrenhaus, Philip K. Wagner and Stephanie Kath-Schorr

Biological Chemistry, 2023, 404, 883
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Engineering CAR-T therapies for autoimmune disease and beyond

Emily P. English, Rachel N. Swingler, Simran Patwa, Mehmet Tosun, James F. Howard Jr., Miloš D. Miljković and Christopher M. Jewell

Sci. Transl. Med., 2024, 16
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High-resolution melting analysis for rapid and cost-effective detection of unnatural base pairs

Sophie E.J. van der Vlugt, Jelke J. Fros, Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos, Bauke Albada and Enrique Asin-Garcia

BioDesign Research, 2026, 8, 100090
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From structural design to delivery: mRNA therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy

Feng Zhou, Lujia Huang, Shiqin Li, Wenfang Yang, Fangmin Chen, Zhixiong Cai, Xiaolong Liu, Wujun Xu, Vesa‐Pekka Lehto, Ulrich Lächelt, Rongqin Huang, Yang Shi, Twan Lammers, Wei Tao, Zhi Ping Xu, Ernst Wagner, Zhiai Xu and Haijun Yu

Exploration, 2024, 4
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2’,3’‐Protected Nucleotides as Building Blocks for Enzymatic de novo RNA Synthesis

Maëva Pichon, Fabienne Levi‐Acobas, Camélia Kitoun and Marcel Hollenstein

Chemistry A European J, 2024, 30
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Benzoyl and Pivaloyl as Efficient Protecting Groups for Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA and XNA Oligonucleotides

Marie Flamme, Dace Katkevica, Karlis Pajuste, Martins Katkevics, Nazarii Sabat, Steven Hanlon, Irene Marzuoli, Kurt Püntener, Filippo Sladojevich and Marcel Hollenstein

Asian J Org Chem, 2022, 11
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Beyond the Sequence: Chemical and Topological Design and Innovations in mRNA Therapeutics

Dangliang Liu, Hongyu Chen, Alisia Pan and Xiao Wang

Chem. Rev., 2026, 126, 3907
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Lock, Protect, and Bind: In Vitro Selection of Locked Nucleic Acid‐Modified Aptamers Using a Mutant T7 RNA Polymerase

Kevin Neis, Laia Civit, Kathrine Pedersen, Michael Schachtner, Jesper Wengel, Ralf Wagner, Steffen Thiel, Jørgen Kjems and Julián Valero

Small Structures, 2026, 7
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Circular RNA circIGF1R controls cardiac fibroblast proliferation through regulation of carbohydrate metabolism

Arne Schmidt, Kevin Schmidt, Sonja Groß, Dongchao Lu, Ke Xiao, Dimyana Neufeldt, Sarah Cushman, Nele Lehmann, Sabrina Thum, Angelika Pfanne, Annette Just, Andreas Pich, Alexander Heinz, Karsten Hiller, Hannah Jill Hunkler, Wilson Lek Wen Tan, Roger Foo, Christian Bär, Thomas Thum and Mira Jung

Sci Rep, 2025, 15
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mRNA-based therapeutics in skin regeneration and rejuvenation: From optimization strategies to translational advances

Mingxuan Zhang, Xingcheng Pan, Jiajie Li and Hang Wang

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 112358
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Expanding the Horizon of the Xeno Nucleic Acid Space: Threose Nucleic Acids with Increased Information Storage

Hannah Depmeier and Stephanie Kath-Schorr

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 7743
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Development and applications of mRNA treatment based on lipid nanoparticles

Zhe Wang, Wanting Ma, Xingxing Fu, Yanfei Qi, Yinan Zhao and Shubiao Zhang

Biotechnology Advances, 2023, 65, 108130
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Cancer vaccines: Discovery, development, and challenges for clinical translation

Zhongkun Zhang, Siyu Yao, Yufei Wang, Kaiwen Luo, Mansoor Amiji and Kenneth C. Anderson

Biomaterials, 2026, 325, 123615
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Antiviral drug discovery and development: challenges and future directions

Shaoqing Du, Xueping Hu, Ping Li, Shujing Xu, Meehyein Kim, Xinyong Liu and Peng Zhan

Sig Transduct Target Ther, 2026, 11
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Modified Nucleotides for Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Therapeutic RNA

Anna Graczyk, Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura, Renata Kaczmarek, Roza Pawlowska and Arkadiusz Chworos

CMC, 2023, 30, 1320
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Unleashing the potential of mRNA therapeutics for inherited neurological diseases

Edoardo Monfrini, Giacomo Baso, Dario Ronchi, Megi Meneri, Delia Gagliardi, Lorenzo Quetti, Federico Verde, Nicola Ticozzi, Antonia Ratti, Alessio Di Fonzo, Giacomo P Comi, Linda Ottoboni and Stefania Corti

Brain, 2024, 147, 2934
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Better, Faster, Stronger: Accelerating mRNA‐Based Immunotherapies With Nanocarriers

Henrique M. B. Carvalho, Tiago A. S. Fidalgo, Rita C. Acúrcio, Ana I. Matos, Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro and Helena F. Florindo

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2024, 16
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Chemically Modified Platforms for Better RNA Therapeutics

Yesi Shi, Xueyan Zhen, Yiming Zhang, Yongjiang Li, Seyoung Koo, Qimanguli Saiding, Na Kong, Gang Liu, Wei Chen and Wei Tao

Chem. Rev., 2024, 124, 929
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Enzymatic synthesis of reactive RNA probes containing squaramate-linked cytidine or adenosine for bioconjugations and cross-linking with lysine-containing peptides and proteins

Ivana Ivancová, Tania Sánchez Quirante, Marek Ondruš, Radek Pohl, Marta Vlková, Eva Žilecká, Evžen Bouřa and Michal Hocek

Commun Chem, 2025, 8
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Click to Translate: Synthesis of Trans‐Cyclooctene Modified 5′ mRNA Caps for Bioorthogonal Activation

Niclas Zips, Ekaterina Kulko and Stephanie Kath‐Schorr

ChemBioChem, 2026, 27
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Exploring in vitro expression and immune potency in mice using mRNA encoding the Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen, CelTOS

Ishita N. Waghela, Katherine L. Mallory, Justin A. Taylor, Cosette G. Schneider, Tatyana Savransky, Chris J. Janse, Paulo J. C. Lin, Ying K. Tam, Drew Weissman and Evelina Angov

Front. Immunol., 2022, 13
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Enhancing intracellular mRNA precise imaging-guided photothermal therapy with a nucleic acid-based polydopamine nanoprobe

Jiayao Xu, Xiaohong Zhong, Mingzhu Fan, Yang Xu, Yiqi Xu, Shulong Wang, Zhihui Luo and Yong Huang

Anal Bioanal Chem, 2024, 416, 849
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Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase

Guangyuan Wang, Chuanping He, Jinrong Zou, Jiayun Liu, Yuhui Du and Tingjian Chen

ACS Synth. Biol., 2022, 11, 4142
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