Chemistry of lignin and condensed tannins as aromatic biopolymers

Farzad Seidi, Yuqian Liu, Yang Huang, Huining Xiao and Daniel Crespy

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 3140
DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00440J

Rebeca Salas, Rocio Villa, Francisco Velasco, Francisco G. Cirujano, Susana Nieto, Nuria Martin, Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo, Jairton Dupont and Pedro Lozano

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 1620
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC05445H

Breaking new grounds: metal salts based-deep eutectic solvents and their applications- a comprehensive review

Aman Khalid, Suman Tahir, Abdul Rafay Khalid, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Qamar Abbas and Muhammad Zahid

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 2421
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04112C

An efficient multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by a magnetic nanoparticle supported Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvent

Thanh Thi Nguyen, Ngoc-Phuong Thi Le, The Thai Nguyen and Phuong Hoang Tran

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 38148
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08074K

Sustainable lignin modifications and processing methods: green chemistry as the way forward

Bram Jacobs, Yawen Yao, Ine Van Nieuwenhove, Dhanjay Sharma, Geert-Jan Graulus, Katrien Bernaerts and An Verberckmoes

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 2042
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC04699G

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrroles using a deep eutectic solvent ([CholineCl][ZnCl2]3) under solvent-free sonication

Hai Truong Nguyen, Duy-Khiem Nguyen Chau and Phuong Hoang Tran

New J. Chem., 2017, 41, 12481
DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ02396K

A green one-pot strategy for sustainable fully lignin-based adhesives

Cheng Zuo, Xin-Yi Hui, Pin-An Xin, Hao-Nan Qi, Zhuo-Hua Sun, Jia-Long Wen and Tong-Qi Yuan

Green Chem., 2026, 28, 974
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC05305F

A multifunctional lignin-based composite ultra-adhesive for wood processing

Boxiang Zhan, Long Zhang, Yongqi Deng and Lifeng Yan

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 10061
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03542E

Technology of lignin modification: progress in specialty and green adhesives’ mechanical properties

Haijing Ma, Ziyang Zhang, Yuli Wang, Jiangbo Wang, Heyu Chen, Shaohua Jiang and Xiaoshuai Han

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 13577
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC03303A

Deep eutectic solvents: alternative reaction media for organic oxidation reactions

Graziano Di Carmine, Andrew P. Abbott and Carmine D'Agostino

React. Chem. Eng., 2021, 6, 582
DOI: 10.1039/D0RE00458H

Lignin condensation inhibition and antioxidant activity improvement in a reductive ternary DES fractionation microenvironment by thiourea dioxide self-decomposition

Xin Zhao, Yingying Yang, Jingyu Xu, Xing Wang, Yanzhu Guo, Chao Liu and Jinghui Zhou

New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 8892
DOI: 10.1039/D2NJ00821A

A stretchable and compressible ion gel based on a deep eutectic solvent applied as a strain sensor and electrolyte for supercapacitors

Shu Hong, Yang Yuan, Chaozheng Liu, Weimin Chen, Ling Chen, Hailan Lian and Henrikki Liimatainen

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 550
DOI: 10.1039/C9TC05913J

Preparation of DES lignin-chitosan aerogel and its adsorption performance for dyes, catechin and epicatechin

Yuan Zhu, Ben-Kun Qi, Hong-Ning Lv, Yu Gao, Sheng-Hua Zha, Rong-Yan An, Qing-Sheng Zhao and Bing Zhao

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 247, 125761
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125761

Effect and characterization comparison of various deep eutectic solvent types in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and bioplastic production

Ga Yeon Moon, Hee Sun Youn, Ga Hee Kim and Byung Hwan Um

Industrial Crops and Products, 2025, 225, 120452
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120452

Evaluation on the properties of deep eutectic solvent-extracted lignin for potential aromatic bio-products conversion

Yee Tong Tan, Adeline Seak May Chua and Gek Cheng Ngoh

Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 154, 112729
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112729

Zinc chloride/acetamide deep eutectic solvent‐mediated fractionation of lignin produces high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight fillers for phenol‐formaldehyde resins

Shu Hong, Xiang Sun, Hailan Lian, John A. Pojman and Josué D. Mota‐Morales

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2020, 137
DOI: 10.1002/app.48385

In situ synthesis of thymol@ZIF-90 with bamboo structures: Evaluation of long-term antimildew and physical-mechanical properties

Rong Liu, Na Wang, Xiang Zhou, Haijiao Kang, Xiaorong Liu, Kaili Wang, Youming Dong and Jianzhang Li

Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 477, 141328
DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141328

Ni–Mg–Al Catalysts Effectively Promote Depolymerization of Rice Husk Lignin to Bio-Oil

Boyu Du, Changzhou Chen, Yang Sun, Bingyang Liu, Yingying Yang, Si Gao, Zhenshu Zhang, Xing Wang and Jinghui Zhou

Catal Lett, 2020, 150, 1591
DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02956-8

Analysis of six preservatives in beverages using hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent as disperser in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet

Yuwei Bian, Yu Wang, Jiaping Yu, Shuwen Zheng, Feng Qin and Longshan Zhao

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2021, 195, 113889
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113889

Choline chloride-zinc chloride deep eutectic solvent mediated preparation of partial O-acetylation of chitin nanocrystal in one step reaction

Shu Hong, Yang Yuan, Qiuru Yang, Ling Chen, Junqian Deng, Weimin Chen, Hailan Lian, Josué D. Mota-Morales and Henrikki Liimatainen

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 220, 211
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.075

Exploration of mechanisms of lignin extraction by different methods

Jingyu Xu, Yue Kong, Boyu Du, Xing Wang and Jinghui Zhou

Environ Prog Sustainable Energy, 2021
DOI: 10.1002/ep.13785

Enhanced methane production from corn stover by anaerobic digestion: Positive effects of deep eutectic solvents pretreatment

Yuan Zhu, Shunan Zhao, Congli Chen, Fangzhou Wang, Shuo Yuan, Kai Zhao and Ruiping Liu

Water Research, 2026, 299, 125912
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125912

Pretreatment of Grape Pomaces and Stalks Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for Succinic Acid Production Integrated in a Biorefinery Concept

Katiana Filippi, Eleni Stylianou, Chrysanthi Pateraki, Apostolis Koutinas and Dimitrios Ladakis

Waste Biomass Valor, 2023, 14, 2857
DOI: 10.1007/s12649-023-02047-1

Utilization of deep eutectic solvents in the production of high‐value compounds from biomass

Andrés F. Monroy, Gerardo A. Caicedo, José J. Martínez and Gustavo P. Romanelli

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref, 2024, 18, 1821
DOI: 10.1002/bbb.2651

Deep eutectic solvent‐assisted synthesis of highly efficient nanocatalyst (n‐TiO2@TDI@DES (ZnCl2:urea)) for chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

Shaghayegh Taghavi, Ali Amoozadeh and Firouzeh Nemati

Applied Organom Chemis, 2021, 35
DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6127

Phenol‐enriched hydroxy depolymerized lignin by microwave alkali catalysis to prepare high‐adhesive biomass composites

Bing Di, Zheng Li, Yin Lei, Xiaofeng Wang, Yanchao Zhu, Wei Qi and Yumei Tian

Polymer Engineering & Sci, 2021, 61, 1463
DOI: 10.1002/pen.25664

Development of an integrated micro-millisystem for continuous laccase extraction

Marko Božinović, Ivan Karlo Cingesar, Domagoj Vrsaljko, Bruno Zelić and Anita Šalić

Bioresource Technology, 2025, 420, 132117
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132117

Potential use of deep eutectic solvents to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass utilization and conversion

Yu-Loong Loow, Eng Kein New, Ge Hoa Yang, Lin Yang Ang, Luther Yang Wei Foo and Ta Yeong Wu

Cellulose, 2017, 24, 3591
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-017-1358-y

Effect of deep eutectic solvents-regulated lignin structure on subsequent pyrolysis products selectivity

Tengfei Li, Yihui Yin, Shubin Wu and Xiongjian Du

Bioresource Technology, 2022, 343, 126120
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126120

A New Green and Efficient Brønsted: Lewis Acidic DES for Pyrrole Synthesis

M. Shaibuna, Letcy V. Theresa and K. Sreekumar

Catal Lett, 2018, 148, 2359
DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2414-4

Zn-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as the Stabilizing Electrolyte for Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

Gaurav M. Thorat, Van-Chuong Ho and Junyoung Mun

Front. Chem., 2022, 9
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.825807

Versatile acid base sustainable solvent for fast extraction of various molecular weight chitin from lobster shell

Shu Hong, Yang Yuan, Qiuru Yang, Ping Zhu and Hailan Lian

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 201, 211
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.059

Lignin extraction and upgrading using deep eutectic solvents

Zhu Chen, Arthur Ragauskas and Caixia Wan

Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 147, 112241
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112241

Structure and properties of deep eutectic solvent lignin degraded by H2O2

Ruixia Liu, Tingting Ding, Pingping Deng, Xiaofan Yan, Fuquan Xiong, Jienan Chen and Zhiping Wu

Biomass Conv. Bioref., 2023, 13, 12581
DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-02016-5

Hypercrosslinked natural biopolymers with quasi-unimodal micropores for carbon capture

Liang Ding, Yue Wu, Guanchu Lu, Yixuan Zhang, Mariolino Carta, Xianfeng Fan and Cher Hon Lau

Carbon Capture Science & Technology, 2024, 13, 100305
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100305

Modification of nanolignin by deep eutectic solvent to improve the properties of phenol-formaldehyde resin

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili and Antonio Pizzi

Eur. J. Wood Prod., 2024, 82, 2099
DOI: 10.1007/s00107-024-02147-2

Integrating advanced engineering strategies and multifunctional applications of sustainable lignin-based polyurethanes: A comprehensive review

Xinyue Wang, Wei Ding, Yifan Wang, Zekun Wang, Gonghua Hong, Junling Guo, Yushun Jin, Ruofan Liu and Yibo Wu

European Polymer Journal, 2025, 239, 114321
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114321

Advances of Modified Lignin as Substitute to Develop Lignin‐Based Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives

Zhenwen Peng, Xiao Jiang, Chuanling Si, Aldo Joao Cárdenas‐Oscanoa and Caoxing Huang

ChemSusChem, 2023, 16
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300174

Green Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Derivatives in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Xing Tang, Miao Zuo, Zheng Li, Huai Liu, Caixia Xiong, Xianhai Zeng, Yong Sun, Lei Hu, Shijie Liu, Tingzhou Lei and Lu Lin

ChemSusChem, 2017, 10, 2696
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700457

Free-radical polymerizations of and in deep eutectic solvents: Green synthesis of functional materials

Josué D. Mota-Morales, Regina J. Sánchez-Leija, Arturo Carranza, John A. Pojman, Francisco del Monte and Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas

Progress in Polymer Science, 2018, 78, 139
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.09.005

Systematic review on lignin valorization in the agro-food system: From sources to applications

Ana C. Cassoni, Patrícia Costa, Marta W. Vasconcelos and Manuela Pintado

Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 317, 115258
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115258

Biocatalysis for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Deep Eutectic Solvents: State-of-the-Art and Prospects

Ningning Zhang, Pablo Domínguez de María and Selin Kara

Catalysts, 2024, 14, 84
DOI: 10.3390/catal14010084

A green and cost-effective zinc-biphenol hybrid flow battery with eutectic electrolyte

Linjing Miao, Yijing Shen, Jianyu Cao, Yong-Miao Shen and Juan Xu

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 86, 111242
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.111242

Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin for fast manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Shu Hong, Zhongji Gu, Ling Chen, Ping Zhu and Hailan Lian

Holzforschung, 2018, 72, 745
DOI: 10.1515/hf-2017-0184

Triad of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: Unlocking potential of primary biorefinery key aspect

Samuel Ntakirutimana, Zhihao Fan, Wenlong Xiong, Shen Zhang, Kai Wang, Bing-Zhi Li and Jingliang Xu

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2026, 14, 121291
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2026.121291

Application of deep eutectic solvents in biomass pretreatment and conversion

Yu Chen and Tiancheng Mu

Green Energy & Environment, 2019, 4, 95
DOI: 10.1016/j.gee.2019.01.012

Efficient fabrication of ordered mesoporous carbon derived from lignin via deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for supercapacitors

Guobao Sima, Linhuo Gan, Longjun Chang, Ying Cui and Ranjith Kumar Kankala

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2021, 323, 111192
DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111192

Depolymerization and product evolution of kraft lignin in a novel acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs)

Wenguang Li and Shubin Wu

Industrial Crops and Products, 2025, 225, 120476
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120476

Modified lignin by deep eutectic solvent as a novel coupling agent for wood-plastic composites

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili, Antonio Pizzi and Fatemeh Chenaghchi

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2024, 413, 125959
DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125959

Insights into the relationships between physicochemical properties, solvent performance, and applications of deep eutectic solvents

Man Zhang, Xingyilong Zhang, Yingying Liu, Kejing Wu, Yingming Zhu, Houfang Lu and Bin Liang

Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2021, 28, 35537
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14485-2

Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment by deep eutectic solvents on lignin extraction and saccharification enhancement: A review

Wei Wang and Duu-Jong Lee

Bioresource Technology, 2021, 339, 125587
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125587

Comparison of Lignin Fractions Isolated from Wheat Straw Using Alkaline and Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents

Xin Yue, Terhi Suopajärvi, Otto Mankinen, Marja Mikola, Atte Mikkelson, Juha Ahola, Sami Hiltunen, Sanna Komulainen, Anu M. Kantola, Ville-Veikko Telkki and Henrikki Liimatainen

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2020, 68, 15074
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04981

In Situ Lignin Adhesion for High-Performance Bamboo Composites

Taotao Meng, Yu Ding, Yu Liu, Lin Xu, Yimin Mao, Julia Gelfond, Shuke Li, Zhihan Li, Paul F. Salipante, Hoon Kim, J. Y. Zhu, Xuejun Pan and Liangbing Hu

Nano Lett., 2023, 23, 8411
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01497

Wood Bio-Adhesives Made by Polymerizing Oxidized Starch with Deep Eutectic Solvent-Modified Lignin

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili and Antonio Pizzi

Polymers, 2025, 17, 3023
DOI: 10.3390/polym17223023

Integration of deep eutectic solvent in biorefining process of lignocellulosic biomass valorization

Diana Jose, Atthasit Tawai, Divya Divakaran, Debraj Bhattacharyya, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Prapakorn Tantayotai and Malinee Sriariyanun

Bioresource Technology Reports, 2023, 21, 101365
DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101365

Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents (DESs) pretreatment of grapevine: Component analysis, characterization, lignin structural analysis, and antioxidant properties

Yuan Zhu, Tian-Xiao Yang, Ben-Kun Qi, Hang Li, Qing-Sheng Zhao and Bing Zhao

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 236, 123977
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123977

Characterization of Lignin Extracted from Willow by Deep Eutectic Solvent Treatments

Gaojin Lyu, Tengfei Li, Xingxiang Ji, Guihua Yang, Yu Liu, Lucian A. Lucia and Jiachuan Chen

Polymers, 2018, 10, 869
DOI: 10.3390/polym10080869

Effect of functional groups in acid constituent of deep eutectic solvent for extraction of reactive lignin

Yee Tong Tan, Gek Cheng Ngoh and Adeline Seak May Chua

Bioresource Technology, 2019, 281, 359
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.010

Production and characterization of lignin containing nanocellulose from luffa through an acidic deep eutectic solvent treatment and systematic fractionation

Shu Hong, Yandan Song, Yang Yuan, Hailan Lian and Henrikki Liimatainen

Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 143, 111913
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111913

Unlocking lignin’s potential with innovative DES technology

Si Hong, Xiaojun Shen, Tong-Qi Yuan, Haipeng Yu and Feng Wang

Trends in Chemistry, 2023, 5, 827
DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.08.006

Green Three-component Synthesis of Merocyanin Dyes Based on 4- Arylideneisoxazol-5(4H)-ones

Fatemeh K. Damghani, Hamzeh Kiyani and Seied A. Pourmousavi

CGC, 2020, 7, 217
DOI: 10.2174/2213346107666200122093906

Improving the Reactivity of Sugarcane Bagasse Kraft Lignin by a Combination of Fractionation and Phenolation for Phenol–Formaldehyde Adhesive Applications

Bin Luo, Zhuan Jia, Hongrui Jiang, Shuangfei Wang and Douyong Min

Polymers, 2020, 12, 1825
DOI: 10.3390/polym12081825

Improvement of bio-based polyurethane and its optimal application in controlled release fertilizer

Hao Lu, Canping Dun, Hiral Jariwala, Rui Wang, Peiyuan Cui, Haipeng Zhang, Qigen Dai, Shuo Yang and Hongcheng Zhang

Journal of Controlled Release, 2022, 350, 748
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.039

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste

Payam Kalhor and Khashayar Ghandi

Molecules, 2019, 24, 4012
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224012

Using Phenol-Enriched Hydroxy Lignin Obtained by Low-Cost Catalysts to Synthesize Industrial Adhesive

Shuting Zhao, Wenhui Xu, Bing Di, Zhitian Fan, Xiaoli Liu, Yumei Tian and Bing Zhou

J Polym Environ, 2023, 31, 4691
DOI: 10.1007/s10924-023-02886-y

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

Ricardo Abejón, Heriberto Pérez-Acebo and Leonardo Clavijo

Processes, 2018, 6, 98
DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098

WITHDRAWN: Using phenol-enriched hydroxy lignin obtained by low-cost catalysts to synthesize industrial adhesive

Shuting Zhao, Zheng Li, Bing Di, Zhitian Fan, Yumei Tian and Bing Zhou

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2023, 103499
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103499

Synthesis of choline chloride–zinc chloride deep eutectic solvent-modified nanolignin/poly vinyl alcohol/glyoxal resin as a new green wood adhesive

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili and Antonio Pizzi

Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2025, 1
DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2025.2523579

Reduction of formaldehyde emission from urea-formaldehyde resins with nanolignin modified by deep eutectic solvent

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili and Antonio Pizzi

Eur. J. Wood Prod., 2025, 83
DOI: 10.1007/s00107-025-02308-x

A Review on Lignin‐Based Phenolic Resin Adhesive

Xiaoyu Gong, Yi Meng, Jie Lu, Yehan Tao, Yi Cheng and Haisong Wang

Macro Chemistry & Physics, 2022, 223
DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100434

Porous Carbons Derived from Lignite Mixed with Zn2+-Doped Lignin for Electric Double-Layer Capacitor

Yan Wu, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Shan He, Zhi-Qiang Hao, Hua-Yang Yu, Guo-Yu Sun and Xian-Yong Wei

International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2017, 12, 8132
DOI: 10.20964/2017.09.29

Conversion of kraft lignin to hydrocarbons using an integrated molten salt pyrolysis/catalytic hydrotreatment approach

Balaji Sridharan, Ilse Oude Nijeweme, Erwin Wilbers, Gerco Gerritsen, Josef G.M. Winkelman, Robbie H. Venderbosch and Hero J. Heeres

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2024, 183, 106813
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106813

Effect of torrefaction pretreatment on the selectivity improvement of lignin pyrolysis products

Tengfei Li, Xiongjian Du and Shubin Wu

Fuel Processing Technology, 2023, 252, 107985
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.107985