Stepwise optimization strategy of ferroelectric–paraelectric laminated ceramics

Abstract

Laminated design has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance the energy storage performance of ceramics. However, there is still a lack of systematic material selection guidelines and structural optimization criteria specifically suited to this approach. In this work, a stepwise optimization strategy, integrating layer ratio adjustment, linearity modulation, and interface strengthening, is proposed for typical ferroelectric–paraelectric laminated ceramics to enhance energy storage performance. The finite element and phase-field simulations confirm that this strategy is highly effective in enhancing energy storage performance. The laminated structure synergistically combines the high breakdown strength of paraelectric ceramics with the large polarization of ferroelectric ceramics. Besides, linearity modulation was employed to optimize polarization nonlinearity and storage efficiency, thereby enhancing the overall energy storage potential. Furthermore, by increasing the number of stacking layers, the blocking effect of interfaces on breakdown paths was greatly exploited, leading to a superior breakdown strength. All the simulation results provide valuable guidance for designing high-performance laminated energy storage ceramics.