Endohedral anionic nine-atom Zintl clusters of the elements tin and lead with lithium counterions

C. E. Fajman, D. M. Dankert, P. Coburger, W. Klein and T. F. Fässler

Chem. Sci., 2026, 17, 5498
DOI: 10.1039/D5SC08011H

[Co2@(Ge17Ni)]4−: the first edge-sharing double-cage endohedral germanide

Hong-Lei Xu, Lei Qiao and Zhong-Ming Sun

Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 3190
DOI: 10.1039/D1CC06038D

High electron affinity triggered by lithium coordination: quasi-chalcogen properties of Li2Sn8Be

Duomei Xue, Zeren Chen, Jingyao Liu, Di Wu, Zhiru Li and Ying Li

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 10611
DOI: 10.1039/D2CP00967F

Degrees of distortion: synthesis, structure and bonding in approximately icosahedral [Ru@Sn12]4−

Sourav Mondal, Ya-Shan Huang, Zhong-Ming Sun and John E. McGrady

Dalton Trans., 2025, 54, 16986
DOI: 10.1039/D5DT02068A

Aromaticity of all-metal clusters

Miquel Solà and Alvaro Muñoz-Castro

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 14280
DOI: 10.1039/D5CC03842A

Structural isomerism in the [(Ni@Sn9)In(Ni@Sn9)]5− Zintl ion

Chao Zhang, Harry W. T. Morgan, Zi-Chuan Wang, Chao Liu, Zhong-Ming Sun and John E. McGrady

Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 15888
DOI: 10.1039/C9DT03008E

Electronic structure and bonding in endohedral Zintl clusters

John E. McGrady, Florian Weigend and Stefanie Dehnen

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 628
DOI: 10.1039/D1CS00775K

Filled trivacant icosahedra as building fragments in 17-atom endohedral germanides [TM2@Ge17]n−(TM= Co, Ni)

Christoph Wallach, Yasmin Selic, Benedikt J. L. Witzel, Wilhelm Klein and Thomas F. Fässler

Dalton Trans., 2021, 50, 13671
DOI: 10.1039/D1DT03078G

Unprecedented icosahedral clusters built of polyantimony: from single [Ni0.5@{Sb6Ni6(CO)8}]4− and [Ni@{Sb7Ni5(CO)6}]3− to the Sb84−-linked dimer [(Sb8){Sb7Ni5(CO)4}2]6−

Lifang Lin, Shan Chen, Zhihao Lu and Li Xu

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 5086
DOI: 10.1039/D1QI00872B

Current advances in tin cluster chemistry

Bertram Peters, Niels Lichtenberger, Eike Dornsiepen and Stefanie Dehnen

Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 16
DOI: 10.1039/C9SC04363B

Intermetallic phases meet intermetalloid clusters

Max Schütz, Christian Gemel, Wilhelm Klein, Roland A. Fischer and Thomas F. Fässler

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 8496
DOI: 10.1039/D1CS00286D

[Sn8]6−‐Bridged Mixed‐Valence ZnI/ZnIIin {[K2ZnSn8(ZnMes)]2}4−Inverse Sandwich‐Type Cluster Supported by a ZnI−ZnIBond

Hong‐Lei Xu, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro, Alexander I. Boldyrev and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 133, 10078
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102578

Open Shells in Endohedral Clusters: Structure and Bonding in the [Fe2@Ge16]4– Anion and Comparison to Isostructural [Co2@Ge16]4–

Harry W. T. Morgan, Katja-Sophia Csizi, Ya-Shan Huang, Zhong-Ming Sun and John E. McGrady

J. Phys. Chem. A, 2021, 125, 4578
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02837

Structure and Bonding in [Sb@In8Sb12]3− and [Sb@In8Sb12]5−

Chao Liu, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Ivan A. Popov, Nikita Fedik, Xue Min, Cong‐Qiao Xu, Jun Li, John E. McGrady, Alexander I. Boldyrev and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58, 8367
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904109

Geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of endohedral Group‐14 Zintl clusters TM@E10 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; E = Ge, Sn, Pb)

Dong Liu, Song Xu, Gerui Pei, Jianzhi Xu, Xintian Zhao, Chuncai Kong, Zhimao Yang and Tao Yang

J Comput Chem, 2022, 43, 828
DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26838

[Cu4@E18]4– (E = Sn, Pb): Fused Derivatives of Endohedral Stannaspherene and Plumbaspherene

Lei Qiao, Chao Zhang, Cong-Cong Shu, Harry W. T. Morgan, John E. McGrady and Zhong-Ming Sun

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 13288
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04815

Atomically precise rhodium nanoclusters: synthesis and characterization of the heterometallic [Rh18Sn3Cl2(CO)33]4− and [Rh7Sn4Cl10(CO)14]5− carbonyl compounds

Guido Bussoli, Cristiana Cesari, Cristina Femoni, Maria Carmela Iapalucci, Silvia Ruggieri, Cristina Tiozzo and Stefano Zacchini

Results in Chemistry, 2022, 4, 100435
DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100435

Ir3Ge20 −: a 3n-connected cloverleaf-shaped supercluster

Xue Wu, Wen-Shuai Dai, Lulu Li, Fangying Hao, Hong-Guang Xu, Wei-Jun Zheng and Jijun Zhao

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2026, 59, 125304
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ae5257

The Arachno‐Zintl Ion (Sn5Sb3)3− and the Effects of Element Composition on the Structures of Isoelectronic Clusters: Another Facet of the Pseudo‐Element Concept

Robert J. Wilson, Florian Weigend and Stefanie Dehnen

Angewandte Chemie, 2020, 132, 14357
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002863

Polyhedral and Macropolyhedral Metal-Rich Cobaltaboranes: A 25-Vertex Hourglass-Shaped Cluster

Soumen Giri, Chandan Nandi, Punyo Nampi, Rahul Maganbhai Parmar and Sundargopal Ghosh

Inorg. Chem., 2024, 63, 11639
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00955

[Ba4@Sn56]36– as a Main-Group Second-Order Superatom. Interpenetrated Dodecahedrons as a Three-Dimensional Cluster-of-Clusters Structure

Alvaro Muñoz-Castro

Inorg. Chem., 2024, 63, 20102
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00104

Hydration of Alkynes to Ketones with an Efficient and Practical Polyoxomolybdate‐based Cobalt Catalyst

Ya Xie, Jingjing Wang, Yunyun Wang, Sheng Han and Han Yu

ChemCatChem, 2021, 13, 4985
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101180

Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals

Robert J. Wilson, Niels Lichtenberger, Bastian Weinert and Stefanie Dehnen

Chem. Rev., 2019, 119, 8506
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658

Metal-metal bonds in Zintl clusters: Synthesis, structure and bonding in [Fe2Sn4Bi8]3– and [Cr2Sb12]3–

Ya-Nan Yang, Zi-Sheng Li, Sourav Mondal, Lei Qiao, Cui-Cui Wang, Wen-Juan Tian, Zhong-Ming Sun and John E. McGrady

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35, 109048
DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109048

Solution-Based Group 14 Zintl Anions: New Frontiers and Discoveries

Yi Wang, John E. McGrady and Zhong-Ming Sun

Acc. Chem. Res., 2021, 54, 1506
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00876

Orientational Isomerism and Its Reactivity of a Main Group Sandwich Anion [Ge9‐In‐Ge9]5–

Hong‐Lei Xu, Lei Qiao and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Chin. J. Chem., 2023, 41, 2432
DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202300150

Interplay between the geometric and electronic structures: different ground states and geometries for the 3 d and 5 d TM doped MSnn (n = 6–8) clusters

Jiaqi Liu and Hongshan Chen

Phys. Scr., 2025, 100, 085410
DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/adf3ed

Selective Oxidation of Olefins to Aldehydes/ Ketones/ Carboxylic Acids with an Efficient and Practical Polyoxometalate‐based Iron Catalyst

Yalin Chang, Ya Xie, Chengchun Zhao, Jingjing Ren, Wei Su, Wenshu Zhao, Linke Wu and Han Yu

ChemCatChem, 2022, 14
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200209

Endohedral Plumbaspherenes of the Group 9 Metals: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of the [M@Pb12]3− (M=Co, Rh, Ir) Ions

Ai‐Min Li, Yi Wang, Domonique O. Downing, Fu Chen, Peter Zavalij, Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro and Bryan W. Eichhorn

Chemistry A European J, 2020, 26, 5824
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905451

Rational synthesis of highly charged E9 (E = Ge, Sn) dimer and trimer with Nb/Au bridges

Ya-Shan Huang, Wen-Juan Tian, Jing-Xuan Zhang and Zhong-Ming Sun

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37, 110827
DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110827

Structure and Bonding in [Sb@In8Sb12]3− and [Sb@In8Sb12]5−

Chao Liu, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Ivan A. Popov, Nikita Fedik, Xue Min, Cong‐Qiao Xu, Jun Li, John E. McGrady, Alexander I. Boldyrev and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Angewandte Chemie, 2019, 131, 8455
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904109

The Arachno‐Zintl Ion (Sn5Sb3)3− and the Effects of Element Composition on the Structures of Isoelectronic Clusters: Another Facet of the Pseudo‐Element Concept

Robert J. Wilson, Florian Weigend and Stefanie Dehnen

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59, 14251
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002863

Metallo‐Käfige für Metall‐Anionen: Hochgeladene [Co@Ge9]5−‐ und [Ru@Sn9]6−‐Cluster mit sphärisch eingelagerten Co−‐ und Ru2−‐ Anionen

Benedikt J. L. Witzel, Wilhelm Klein, Jasmin V. Dums, Marina Boyko and Thomas F. Fässler

Angewandte Chemie, 2019, 131, 13040
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907127

Stabilizing a metalloid {Zn12} unit within a polymetallide environment in [K2Zn20Bi16]6−

Armin R. Eulenstein, Yannick J. Franzke, Patrick Bügel, Werner Massa, Florian Weigend and Stefanie Dehnen

Nat Commun, 2020, 11
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18799-6

Endohedrally Doped Cage Clusters

Jijun Zhao, Qiuying Du, Si Zhou and Vijay Kumar

Chem. Rev., 2020, 120, 9021
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00651

Single‐Metal‐Encapsulated Double‐Cage [Pt@Sn17]4−: An Exception from Group 14 Endohedral Clusters

Hong‐Lei Xu, Chad Studvick, Chao Liu, Yuan Xue, Ivan A. Popov and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Chemistry A European J, 2022, 28
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202651

Structures and stabilities of UPbn (n ≤ 18) clusters: A first-principles global optimization calculation

Chun Gao, Guina Guo, Shuxian Hu, Haitao Liu, Wenli Zou, Ping Zhang and Jun Yan

Materials Today Communications, 2023, 36, 106585
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106585

Ruthenium-mediated assembly and enhanced stability of heterometallic polystannides [Ru2Sn19]4− and [Ru2Sn20]6−

Wei-Xing Chen, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Alvaro Muñoz-Castro, Alexander I. Boldyrev and Zhong-Ming Sun

Nano Res., 2022, 15, 5705
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4178-9

Metallocages for Metal Anions: Highly Charged [Co@Ge9]5− and [Ru@Sn9]6− Clusters Featuring Spherically Encapsulated Co1− and Ru2− Anions

Benedikt J. L. Witzel, Wilhelm Klein, Jasmin V. Dums, Marina Boyko and Thomas F. Fässler

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58, 12908
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907127

Missing Link in the Growth of Lead-Based Zintl Clusters: Isolation of the Dimeric Plumbaspherene [Cu4Pb22]4–

Harry W. T. Morgan, Cong-Cong Shu, Zhong-Ming Sun and John E. McGrady

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 8007
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10106

The Art of Synthesis: From a (Social) Distance

Stefanie Dehnen, Suzanne C. Bart and William B. Tolman

Inorg. Chem., 2020, 59, 5791
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01090

[Sn8]6−‐Bridged Mixed‐Valence ZnI/ZnIIin {[K2ZnSn8(ZnMes)]2}4−Inverse Sandwich‐Type Cluster Supported by a ZnI−ZnIBond

Hong‐Lei Xu, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro, Alexander I. Boldyrev and Zhong‐Ming Sun

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60, 9990
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102578

σ-Aromatic Ge–Sn Bridges in a Triply-Bonded Bare Cluster Dimer with a Long-Lived Triplet State

Ya-Shan Huang, Ziqi Deng, Wen-Juan Tian, Hui-Qing Sun, Alvaro Muñoz-Castro, Teng-Teng Chen and Zhong-Ming Sun

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 45723
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c18030