Strategies for suppressing dark current of perovskite photodiodes towards reliable optoelectronic applications

Abstract

Photodetection is crucial for advancements in next-generation technologies, including Internet of Things, intelligent perception, augmented and virtual reality, and human–machine interactions. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show unique properties that allow for the creation of straightforward diode structures, enabling efficient photogeneration and charge collection across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, from ionizing radiation to near-infrared. However, the presence of dark current (I_d) poses a significant challenge, affecting the performance of these devices. This review commences by outlining the essential performance measures impacted either directly or indirectly by I_d. Subsequently, it investigates the adjustable MHP materials employed in photodiodes, with a focus on their structural and morphological characteristics. We then explore the origins of I_d and highlight the crucial factors that impact the performance of MHP-based photodiodes (MHPPDs). Additionally, we examine various strategies to mitigate I_d, thereby improving device efficacy. Finally, we provide insights into future directions for reducing I_d in MHPPDs, potentially leading to further enhancements in photodetection technologies.