Issue 16, 2024

Native and engineered extracellular vesicles: novel tools for treating liver disease

Abstract

Liver diseases are classified as acute liver damage and chronic liver disease, with recurring liver damage causing liver fibrosis and progression to cirrhosis and hepatoma. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases; therefore, novel therapies are required. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous nanocarriers involved in cell-to-cell communication that play important roles in immune regulation, tissue repair and regeneration. Native EVs can potentially be used for various liver diseases owing to their high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and tissue permeability and engineered EVs with surface modification or cargo loading could further optimize therapeutic effects. In this review, we firstly introduced the mechanisms and effects of native EVs derived from different cells and tissues to treat liver diseases of different etiologies. Additionally, we summarized the possible methods to facilitate liver targeting and improve cargo-loading efficiency. In the treatment of liver disease, the detailed engineered methods and the latest delivery strategies were also discussed. Finally, we pointed out the limitations and challenges of EVs for future development and applications. We hope that this review could provide a useful reference for the development of EVs and promote the clinical translation.

Graphical abstract: Native and engineered extracellular vesicles: novel tools for treating liver disease

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
22 अगस्त 2023
Accepted
17 मार्च 2024
First published
20 मार्च 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024,12, 3840-3856

Native and engineered extracellular vesicles: novel tools for treating liver disease

S. Jiang, S. Tian, P. Wang, J. Liu, K. Sun, X. Zhou, Y. Han and Y. Shang, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 3840 DOI: 10.1039/D3TB01921G

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements