Do electron distributions with orbital degree of freedom exhibit anisotropy?

Taishun Manjo; Shunsuke Kitou; Naoyuki Katayama; Shin Nakamura; Takuro Katsufuji; Yoichi Nii; Taka-hisa Arima; Joji Nasu; Takumi Hasegawa; Kunihisa Sugimoto; Daisuke Ishikawa; Alfred Q. R. Baron; Hiroshi Sawa

doi:10.1039/D1MA01113H

Do electron distributions with orbital degree of freedom exhibit anisotropy?†

Taishun Manjo,

^a Shunsuke Kitou,^b Naoyuki Katayama,^a Shin Nakamura,^c Takuro Katsufuji,^d Yoichi Nii,^ef Taka-hisa Arima,

^bg Joji Nasu,^fh Takumi Hasegawa,ⁱ Kunihisa Sugimoto,

^j Daisuke Ishikawa,^kl Alfred Q. R. Baron^kl and Hiroshi Sawa*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
E-mail: z47827a@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

^b RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan

^c Department of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan

^d Department of Physics, Waseda University, Shinjuku 169-8555, Japan

^e Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

^f PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan

^g Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan

^h Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

ⁱ Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan

^j Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan

^k Precision Spectroscopy Division, CSRR, SPring-8/JASRI, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan

^l Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan

Abstract

Orbital degrees of freedom appear in partially filled degenerate orbitals and are responsible for a variety of physical properties. Although many methods for directly observing orbital states in ordered states have been proposed, it is difficult to determine degenerate orbital states directly. We found that high-precision diffraction data obtained by synchrotron radiation X-rays can be used to observe only the valence electron density distribution with minimal analytical bias. The results obtained using this method clearly showed the anisotropy of the partially filled degenerate 3d orbital states in spinel vanadium oxide FeV₂O₄. The 3d orbital quantum state was successfully determined from this anisotropy.

This article is part of the themed collection: Popular Advances

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Do electron distributions with orbital degree of freedom exhibit anisotropy?†

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