Recent advances in graphitic carbon nitride-based composites for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B: mechanism, properties and environmental applications

Meie Zheng, Mengru Guo, Fei Ma, Wenwen Li and Yujia Shao

Nanoscale Adv., 2025, 7, 4780
DOI: 10.1039/D5NA00439J

Nitrogen doped In2S3 nanostructures integrated with In2O3 nanorods for photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Shashanka Sarkar, Pranay Chandra Mandal, Osman Ali, Kai Takagi, Naoaki Kubota, Ningma Dorzi Sherpa, Narendra Nath Ghosh, Asamanjay Bhunia, Akira Fujishima, Chiaki Terashima and Nitish Roy

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 1268
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Ecologically benign S-doped g-C3N4 nano-architectonics for rapid and selective fluorescent detection of the jaundice biomarker bilirubin

Govindha Pandi Rajaram, Murugan Veerapandian and Shanmugam Senthil Kumar

Anal. Methods, 2026, 18, 2786
DOI: 10.1039/D5AY02080H

Improved charge separation and transport with l-aspartic acid derived carbon-doped g-C3N4 for efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 production

Ikram Ullah, Ning Qin, Pei Zhao, Jing-Han Li, Shuai Chen and An-Wu Xu

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024, 8, 5868
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Biomass valorization with metal-free catalysts: innovations in thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic approaches

Arzoo Chauhan and Rajendra Srivastava

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 7114
DOI: 10.1039/D5CS00304K

Synergistic oxygen-potassium Co-doping of g-C3N4 yields noble metal–free photocatalyst for improved solar-driven hydrogen production

Xiaolong Leng, Yumei Li, Gang Xu, Rajavaram Ramaraghavulu, S.V. Prabhakar Vattikuti, Nam Nguyen Dang and Jaesool Shim

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1039, 182808
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Supramolecular Perylene Diimides for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Long Tian, Qing Meng, Wenjie Zhou, Bang Hu, Zichun Jiang, Yulong Cai, Xiaoguang Liu and Yingzhi Chen

Catalysts, 2025, 15, 463
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Self‐Assembly Synthesis of Oxygen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction

Shihai Cao, Haocheng Yang, Fan Zeng, Yao Lu, Huan Chen and Fang Jiang

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401570

Synthesis, mechanism and environmental applications of g-C3N4 composites: A synergistic approach to adsorption and photocatalysis

Ibrahim khan, Yangshuo Sun, Fawad khan, Jing Zhang, Abdul Kareem, Muhammad Naseem, Zubair Ali, Mansoor Sultan, Umar Arif, Xijun Ma and Zhengyan Wu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 359, 130472
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130472

A biomass-modified carbon nitride composite electrode for photoelectrocatalytic enhancement of overall water splitting

Rui Su, Runxin Wang, Haojing Wang, Yuanyuan Liu, Yu Yan, Han Yin, Yun Kong, Firdoz Shaik and Bin Jiang

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 117, 24
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.127

Synergistic effects of NiSe2 on S-doped g-C3N4 for efficient caffeine degradation and electrocatalysis

V.G. Dileepkumar, B. Sirichandana, P.F. Sanaulla, Gurumurthy Hegde, B.M. Basavaraja and M.S. Santosh

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2025, 178, 114657
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Cobalt embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon cocatalyst interfaced with g-C3N4 for optimized photocatalytic hydrogen production

Ikram Ullah, Risheng Duan, Jina Gao, Shuai Chen, Jing-Han Li, Muhammad Amin, Jing Sun, Pei Zhao, Ning Qin and An-Wu Xu

Materials Today Energy, 2025, 54, 102096
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Boron and Sulfur-Codoped g-C3N4 Nanostructures and Their l-Cysteine-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Selective Detection of Triethylamine Gas and Hg2+/Pb2+ Ions

Rachita Newar, Anurag Kashyap, Nasrin Sultana, Subham Naik, Hemen Kalita, Gohil S. Thakur and Arabinda Baruah

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2026
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.5c05852

Scope and perspectives of solar water splitting on g–C3N4: Assessment to fundamentals and mechanistic approaches

Kashaf Ul Sahar, Khezina Rafiq, Ubaid Ur Rehman and Ejaz Hussain

Fuel, 2025, 392, 134841
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134841

Sulfur doping for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation: A review on material strategies, tailored optoelectronic properties, and future directions

Malaz Suliman, Animesh Towfiq Partho, Monabbir Hasan Arnab, Muhammad Tahir and Naveen Kumar

Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2025, 40, 104527
DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104527

Synthesis of high-performance photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction

Chan Woo Lee, Jeong Hyun Kim, Megalamane S. Bootharaju, Taeghwan Hyeon and Byoung-Hoon Lee

Carbon Future, 2024, 1, 9200025
DOI: 10.26599/CF.2024.9200025

Controlling Substrate Sulfurization for Reliable Fabrication of Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nitride Photoanodes on FTO

A. Alfaro-Barajas, D. Monllor-Satoca, Jingshan Luo and T. Lana-Villarreal

Photochem, 2026, 6, 13
DOI: 10.3390/photochem6010013

Heterointerface‐Driven Electronic Modulation in MoO2@N/Mo‒ReS2 Hybrid for Efficient Alkaline HER, OER, and Overall Water Splitting

Manjinder Singh, Jaejun Park, Hayoung Kim, Gyuchan Kim, Dunchan Cha, Dasu Ram Paudel, Byung‐Hyun Kim and Seunghyun Lee

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202505906

One-pot fabrication of C-doped synergistic wrinkly carbon nitride porous nanosheets: Rapid charge carriers' separation and boosted photocatalytic redox reactions

Soha M. Albukhari, Tamer M. Khedr and Reda M. Mohamed

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2025, 1331, 141601
DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.141601

Emerging Trends in CdS‐Based Nanoheterostructures: From Type‐II and Z‐Scheme toward S‐Scheme Photocatalytic H2 Production

Ikram Ullah, Pei Zhao, Ning Qin, Shuai Chen, Jing‐Han Li and An‐Wu Xu

The Chemical Record, 2024, 24
DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400127

P–O codoped g-C3N4/poly(aniline) as heterogeneous photocatalyst for PET-RAFT polymerization

Lutao Peng, Yi Liu, Qiusheng Liu, Lelin Zeng and Guoxiang Wang

Iran Polym J, 2025, 34, 1929
DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01479-x

Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Using g-C3N4 Hybrids: Review and Perspectives

Iftikhar Ahmed Bangash, Maizatul Shima Shaharun, Bamidele Victor Ayodele, Syed Awais Ali, Mahmood Riyadh Atta and Israf Ud Din

Energy Fuels, 2025, 39, 11504
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01356

Green Synthesis of Phosphorus-Doped g-C3N4 as an Advanced Photocatalyst for H2 Evolution

Huiqin Duan, Jipeng Fan, Chang Liu, Jing Zou and Haitao Wang

NANO, 2025, 20
DOI: 10.1142/S1793292025500328

Doping-engineered regulation of Co(IV)=O enhanced Fenton-like activities via electronic structure modulation on CoSCN nanotubes

Liang Ge, Jian Wei, Junyong He, Rui Sun, Wenlong Wang, Dandan Yang, Jiandong Lu, Peidong Hong, Yulian Li, Yahui Li, Chao Xie, Zijian Wu and Lingtao Kong

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 512, 162104
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.162104

Structure design of g-C3N4 based photocatalysis and its application in water splitting: A review

Jianning Rao, Zhengwang Cheng, Hui Lv, Zhuo Peng, Changcun Han, Fhulufhelo Nemangwele and Xinguo Ma

Diamond and Related Materials, 2025, 157, 112478
DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112478

Degradation of tetracycline by magnetic BiOI/S-doped g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite through visible-light photocatalysis process

Zahra Mahdavi, Ali Akbar Amooey, Shahram Ghasemi and Mohammad Varmaziar

Diamond and Related Materials, 2025, 155, 112306
DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112306

Recent progress in carbon nitride photocatalysts: Challenges, opportunities and future

Vikram U. Pandit, Purnima M. Patil, Gil Goncalves, Madhu Gupta, Krishna Priya Hazarika and Dattatray J. Late

Chemical Physics Reviews, 2026, 7
DOI: 10.1063/5.0301736

Visible-light photocatalytic water purification using g-C3N4-modified NiFe2O4/K2Fe4O7 ferrite nanoceramics

Ibrahim F. Waheed, Mohammed Abbas Fadhil Al-Samarrai, Amra Ali Alhassni, F.A. Al-Marhaby, Zainab M. Alharbi, Asmaa Al-Rasheedi and Abdu Saeed

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025, 75, 107939
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107939

Heterocyclic spacer engineering in heteroporous covalent triazine frameworks for tunable hydrogen photocatalysis

Chih-Ling Yang, Ahmed M. Elewa, Wei-Han Sun, Guan-Lin Li, Ahmed E. Hassan, Chin-Hung Lai, Ho-Hsiu Chou and Ahmed F.M. EL-Mahdy

Materials Today Energy, 2025, 54, 102141
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2025.102141

Novel van der Waals heterostructure g-C3N4/XP3 for photocatalytic hydrogen production: A first-principles study

Xiaoqing Liu, Jinghong Zhao, Wei Kang, Xue Du and Faling Ling

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 151, 150135
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150135

Enhanced tetracycline degradation via effective electronic modulation of vacancy-defective S, O co-doped diatomic-layered g-C3N4 nanosheets

Zhenhuan He, Sida Zhang, Yue Sun, Yinmin Wang, Dong Chen, Tao Dai, Jianfu Xu and Hongli Liu

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025, 73, 107672
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107672