Bridging classical concepts and modern advances in electrode processes: a tutorial review

Miao Wang and Ken Sakaushi

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2025, 27, 25743
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Direct observation of bicarbonate and water reduction on gold: understanding the potential dependent proton source during hydrogen evolution

Gang-Hua Deng, Quansong Zhu, Jaclyn Rebstock, Tomaz Neves-Garcia and L. Robert Baker

Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 4523
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Unveiling the effects of ions in the electric double layer on the carbon dioxide reduction reaction

Fenglou Ni, Kangkang Jia, Yangyang Chen, Yunzhou Wen and Sisi He

Mater. Chem. Front., 2023, 7, 2750
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Heating dictates the scalability of CO2 electrolyzer types

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EES Catal., 2025, 3, 305
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A fast voltammetric pH microsensor based on electropolymerization of methylene blue

Isabell Wachta, Wei Nie, Gloria Alexander, Christopher S. Kley and Kannan Balasubramanian

Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 525, 146082
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Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi‐Carbon Products on Non‐Copper‐Based Catalysts: Reaction Pathways, Enhancement Strategies, and Future Challenges

Nida Rehman, Yilin Wang, Xinyi Tan, Xinyi Fan, Xueying Li, Wancai Shi, Alex W. Robertson, John Texter, Ume Aiman and Zhenyu Sun

Carbon and Hydrogen, 2025, 27, 102
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Cathodic nanoscale carbon chemically captures carbon Dioxide: Computational evidence through hybrid density functional theory

Vitaly V. Chaban and Nadezhda A. Andreeva

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Alkali metal cations at work: Enhancing CO2 electroreduction to CO on ZnO nanorods

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Electrochimica Acta, 2024, 508, 145215
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The Roles of Ions in Electrochemical Interface for Electrocatalysis

Jongsu Noh, Hanjoo Kim, Hyein Park and Dong Young Chung

ACS Catal., 2025, 15, 7780
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Electroanalytical Strategies for Local pH Sensing at Solid–Liquid Interfaces and Biointerfaces

Isabell Wachta and Kannan Balasubramanian

ACS Sens., 2024, 9, 4450
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Probing the Effect of pH Value and Voltage on the Near‐Surface Proton Concentration at the Electrochemical Interface by In Situ Electrochemical Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC‐SERS)

Xiujuan Zhang, Yaxin Wang, Yongjun Zhang, Kun Zhang, Ruoning Chu, Fengyi Zhang and Xiaoyu Zhao

J Raman Spectroscopy, 2025, 56, 165
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Optimizing energy consumption considering interfacial pH changes using an asymmetric electrode design: The case of alkaline electrolysis

Gabriel Wosiak, Felipe Staciaki, Eryka Nóbrega, Raphaella Von Stein and Ernesto Pereira

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 106, 274
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Electrolyte Effects on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction at Sn Metallic Electrode

Maria Rodrigues Pinto, Rafaël E. Vos, Raphael Nagao and Marc T. M. Koper

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2024, 128, 21421
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Electrolyzers in focus: advances in CO2 electrolyzer designs

Konstantina G. Mason, Jenna M. Ynzunza and Jesús M. Velázquez

Trends in Chemistry, 2025, 7, 474
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Selective Reduction of Aqueous Nitrate to Ammonium with an Electropolymerized Chromium Molecular Catalyst

Maiko J. Askari, Jeremy D. Kallick and Charles C. L. McCrory

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 7439
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Observing Local pH Changes Using a Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Functionalized with a Potentiometric pH-Sensing Probe

Brianna N. Ruggiero, Andrew R. Weidner, Justin M. Notestein and Linsey C. Seitz

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2023, 127, 20640
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Design of a Rotating Disk Electrode setup operating under high pressure and temperature: Application to CO2 reduction on gold

Alisson H.M. da Silva, Rafaël E. Vos, Robin J.C. Schrama and Marc T.M. Koper

Electrochimica Acta, 2024, 498, 144612
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Negative Reaction Order for CO during CO2 Electroreduction on Au

Zhihao Cui, Andrew Jark-Wah Wong, Michael J. Janik and Anne C. Co

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Operando Monitoring Interfacial pH Gradients and Ion Kinetics in Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions through Dual‐Loop Electrochemical Methodology

Pengbo Ding, Zhuoao Li, Lixiu Guan, Dan Xing, Qitao Lian, Zixiang Bai and Junguang Tao

Energy & Environ Materials, 2026, 9
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The role of cations in hydrogen evolution reaction on a platinum electrode in mildly acidic media

Chunmiao Ye, Xuan Liu and Marc T.M. Koper

Electrochemistry Communications, 2024, 166, 107784
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Extended Stability Window in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes: Understanding the Origins

Dario Gomez Vazquez, Johannes Ingenmey, Katharina Trapp, Dennis Ciliak, Mathieu Salanne and Maria R. Lukatskaya

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 35953
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Cation Effects on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Catalysts Based on Cobalt Complexes in Alkaline Electrolytes

Mohsin Muhyuddin, Nicolò Pianta, Jamie A Trindell, Riccardo Ruffo, Carlo Santoro and Marc TM Koper

Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 535, 146684
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Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence for Interfacial pH-Dependent Kinetics of Formate Evolution on Cu Electrodes

Georgios Katsoukis, Hilbert Heida, Merlin Gutgesell and Guido Mul

ACS Catal., 2024, 14, 13867
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Interfacial Adsorbate Competition Regulates Intermediate Stabilization and Onset Potential in Acidic CO2 Electroreduction

Adrián Pinilla-Sánchez, Suraj Panja, Bárbara Polesso, Prathama Haldar, Ranit Ram, Ranga Rohit Seemakurthi, Anku Guha, Núria López and F. Pelayo García de Arquer

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2026, 148, 10026
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Beyond bubbles: Unraveling the interfacial pH effects on bubble size distribution

Jeyse da Silva, Eryka Nobrega, Felipe Staciaki, Fernanda R. Almeida, Gabriel Wosiak, Alexis Gutierrez, Odemir Bruno, Mauro C. Lopes and Ernesto Pereira

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 494, 152943
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New paradigm of in situ characterization for next-generation CO2 electroreduction towards multi-carbon products over Cu-based catalysts

Li Li, Shumin Wang, Chaofan Wan, Chengbin Xu, Ming Zuo, Yongfu Sun and Yi Xie

Next Energy, 2023, 1, 100027
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Editors’ Choice—Rapid Deactivation Convolutes Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Selectivity Measurements on Gold Rotating Ring Disk Electrodes

Maria Kelly, Rachel A. Wnuk, Recep Kas, Glenn Teeter, Melissa E. Kreider and Wilson A. Smith

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Mechanistic Insights into the Formation of Hydroxyacetone, Acetone, and 1,2-Propanediol from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper

Alisson H. M. da Silva, Georgios Karaiskakis, Rafaël E. Vos and Marc T. M. Koper

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 15343
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Influence of Cations on HCOOH and CO Formation during CO2 Reduction on a PdMLPt(111) Electrode

Chunmiao Ye, Federico Dattila, Xiaoting Chen, Núria López and Marc T. M. Koper

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 19601
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How Temperature Affects the Selectivity of the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper

Rafaël E. Vos, Kees E. Kolmeijer, Thimo S. Jacobs, Ward van der Stam, Bert M. Weckhuysen and Marc T. M. Koper

ACS Catal., 2023, 13, 8080
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Orientational Geometry, Surface Density, and Binding Free Energy of Intermediates as Full Descriptors for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Metal Surfaces

Hui Wang, Haley Fisher, Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu, Jesse B. Brown, Tong Zhang, Fuzhan Song, Yuqin Qian and Yi Rao

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 19101
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Uncovering the Active Species in Amine-Mediated CO2 Reduction to CO on Ag

Graham Leverick, Elizabeth M. Bernhardt, Aisyah Ilyani Ismail, Jun Hui Law, A. Arifutzzaman, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua and Betar M. Gallant

ACS Catal., 2023, 13, 12322
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The effect of weak proton donors on the steady-state behavior of hydrogen evolution in mildly acidic media

Xuan Liu and Marc T.M. Koper

Electrochimica Acta, 2024, 507, 145068
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From Traditional to New Benchmark Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction

Martina Serafini, Federica Mariani, Francesco Basile, Erika Scavetta and Domenica Tonelli

Nanomaterials, 2023, 13, 1723
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Bipolar membranes for intrinsically stable and scalable CO2 electrolysis

Kostadin V. Petrov, Christel I. Koopman, Siddhartha Subramanian, Marc T. M. Koper, Thomas Burdyny and David A. Vermaas

Nat Energy, 2024, 9, 932
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Chemistry of Materials Underpinning Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production

Zebulon G. Schichtl, O. Quinn Carvalho, Jeiwan Tan, Simran S. Saund, Debjit Ghoshal, Logan M. Wilder, Melissa K. Gish, Adam C. Nielander, Michaela Burke Stevens and Ann L. Greenaway

Chem. Rev., 2025, 125, 4768
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Open circuit potential decay transients quantify interfacial pH swings during high current density hydrogen electrocatalysis

Ethan R. Sauvé, Bryan Y. Tang, Neil K. Razdan, Wei Lun Toh, Sophia Weng and Yogesh Surendranath

Joule, 2024, 8, 728
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Sodium Carbonate ion complexes modify water structure at electrode interfaces

Amro Dodin, Gang-Hua Deng, Jaclyn A. Rebstock, Quansong Zhu, David T. Limmer and L. Robert Baker

Applied Surface Science, 2024, 667, 160345
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Steering the products distribution of CO2 electrolysis: A perspective on extrinsic tuning knobs

Guiru Zhang, Ke Ye, Baoxin Ni and Kun Jiang

Chem Catalysis, 2023, 3, 100746
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Tuning the Interfacial Reaction Environment for CO2 Electroreduction to CO in Mildly Acidic Media

Xuan Liu and Marc T. M. Koper

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 5242
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Finite Element Analysis of Local pH Variations in Electrolysis with Porous Electrodes, Considering Water Self-Ionization

Kaito Nagita, Shuji Nakanishi and Yoshiharu Mukouyama

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 59443
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