Reaction-passivation-driven delamination of spent LiFePO4 cathodes and their upgrading to highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution

Jia Yi, Jinsong Hu, Cheng Gong, Qilong Liu and Wentuan Bi

RSC Appl. Interfaces, 2025, 2, 634
DOI: 10.1039/D4LF00423J

Polystyrene-supported neutral lithium receptor for the recovery of high-purity LiPF6 from simulated degraded electrolyte

Sheng-Yin Huang, Hu Wang, Hugo Celio, Niveen M. Khashab, Zachariah A. Page and Jonathan L. Sessler

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 14788
DOI: 10.1039/D2TA03220A

Electrochemical behavior of aluminum in triethylamine hydrochloride–aluminum chloride ionic liquid

Alexey V. Borozdin, Peter Yu. Shevelin, Vladimir A. Elterman and Liudmila A. Yolshina

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 30543
DOI: 10.1039/D3CP03403H

Direct regeneration of fluorine-doped carbon-coated LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yurong Han, Yinzhuang Fang, Menglong Yan, Haoyu Qiu, Yifeng Han, Yi Chen, Liangyou Lin, Jingwen Qian, Tao Mei and Xianbao Wang

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 9791
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC02370F

Vitrimeric electrolytes – overview and perspectives

Zviadi Katcharava, Anja Marinow and Wolfgang H. Binder

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 3250
DOI: 10.1039/D4CC05428H

A closed-loop zero-liquid-discharge process for the precipitative separation of all valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries of mixed chemistries at room-temperature

Nishu Choudhary, Hiren Jungi, Maulik V. Gauswami, Anu Kumari, Arvind B. Boricha, Jatin R. Chunawala, Joyee Mitra and Alok Ranjan Paital

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 4267
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC00054H

Battery waste-derived functional materials for the capture and removal of harmful gases

Nishesh Kumar Gupta

Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2024, 3, 1087
DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00140K

Interfacial process engineering of a co-grinding agent for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Jie Ren, Zhewen Zhang, Zikang Chen, Li Wan, Kaixiang Shi, Xiaoyuan Zeng, Junhao Li and Quanbing Liu

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 9795
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC02905K

Detection of Li in synthetic slags of Li-ion batteries by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-ToF-MS)

Alena Schnickmann, Ciprian Stremtan, Lukas Schlatt, Thomas Schirmer and Thomas Ulrich

J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2025, 40, 1049
DOI: 10.1039/D4JA00334A

Recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode: an overview

Xun Zhang and Maiyong Zhu

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 7656
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC01781A

A green closed-loop process for selective recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries

Jiahui Hou, Xiaotu Ma, Jinzhao Fu, Panawan Vanaphuti, Zeyi Yao, Yangtao Liu, Zhenzhen Yang and Yan Wang

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 7049
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC01811J

The Al(iii)-based polydentate chelate complex catalyzed cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and epoxides: synthetic optimization and mechanistic study

Hong-Qing Fu, Haifang Mao, Chaoyang Wang, Kun Yin, Miaomiao Jin, Zhenbiao Dong, Yun Zhao and Jibo Liu

React. Chem. Eng., 2022, 7, 2313
DOI: 10.1039/D2RE00196A

A synergistic Fe2O3-catalyzed roasting–leaching strategy for green and efficient recovery of metals from spent lithium batteries

Xiaoyu Tan, Liang Zhou and Xingbang Wan

Green Chem., 2026
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC06481C

Lithium extraction by metal–organic frameworks

Zongsu Han, Joshua Rushlow, Yihao Yang, Jiatong Huo, Wei Shi and Hong-Cai Zhou

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 8589
DOI: 10.1039/D4QI02228A

Gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable batteries toward wide-temperature applications

Xiaoyan Zhou, Yifang Zhou, Le Yu, Luhe Qi, Kyeong-Seok Oh, Pei Hu, Sang-Young Lee and Chaoji Chen

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 5291
DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00551H

A review on green and sustainable carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries: utilization of green carbon resources and recycling waste graphite

Fenqiang Luo, Taiyu Lyu, Dechao Wang and Zhifeng Zheng

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 8950
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03078D

Mechanistic investigation of the mechanochemical reduction of LiCoO2 with Al in the context of lithium-ion battery recycling

Raphael Sieweck, Arseniy Bokov, Oleksandr Dolotko, Thomas Bergfeldt, Udo Geckle, Michael Knapp and Helmut Ehrenberg

RSC Mechanochem., 2026, 3, 243
DOI: 10.1039/D5MR00092K

Nanochannel membranes for ion-selective electrodialysis: principles, materials, and environmental applications

Hanmin You, Tae-Nam Kim and Jongkook Hwang

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2026, 13, 208
DOI: 10.1039/D5EN00815H

Realizing the reusability of leachate for the hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium cobalt oxide by dynamically regulating the solubility product

Tao Hu, Taibai Li, Xuncheng Liu, Zhongjie Wang, Liang Lou, Siqi Jing, Xiaohui Yan, Yige Xiong, Junkai Xiong and Xiang Ge

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 2653
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04166B

A review of construction and sustainable recycling strategies of lithium-ion batteries across electric vehicle platforms

Phuoc-Anh Le

RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 35687
DOI: 10.1039/D5RA04471E

Benign solvents for recycling and re-use of a multi-layer battery pouch

Jean E. Marshall, Bethany Middleton, Dominika Gastol, Roberto Sommerville, Con R. McElroy, Emma Kendrick and Vannessa Goodship

Mater. Adv., 2022, 3, 4973
DOI: 10.1039/D2MA00239F

Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review

Mohamad Arif Kasri, Muhammad Zharfan Mohd Halizan, Irina Harun, Fadzli Irwan Bahrudin, Nuraini Daud, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Siti Nur Amira Shaffee, Norazah Abd Rahman, Saiful Arifin Shafiee and Mohd Muzamir Mahat

RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 15515
DOI: 10.1039/D4RA00972J

Interplay between organic solvent geometry and divalent cation dynamics in divalent metal batteries

Nazifa Jahan Pranti, Sharifa Faraezi, Tomonori Ohba, Argyrios V. Karatrantos and Md Sharif Khan

RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 10851
DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00757G

Revealing the mechanism of reductive, mechanochemical Li recycling from LiFePO4

David Geiß, Oleksandr Dolotko, Sylvio Indris, Christian Neemann, Andrei Bologa, Thomas Bergfeldt, Michael Knapp and Helmut Ehrenberg

RSC Mechanochem., 2024, 1, 349
DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00014E

Fractional precipitation of Ni and Co double salts from lithium-ion battery leachates

John R. Klaehn, Meng Shi, Luis A. Diaz, Daniel E. Molina, Reyixiati Repukaiti, Fazlollah Madani Sani, Margaret Lencka, Andre Anderko, Navamoney Arulsamy and Tedd E. Lister

RSC Sustainability, 2024, 2, 3298
DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00303A

Novel electrochemical ion-exchange of LixNa3−xZr2Si2PO12 (LNZSP): a Li-ion conducting solid electrolyte for battery applications

Jongwoo Kim, Youngjin Kim, Youngsik Kim and Yongil Kim

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 40776
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA06485F

Exploring the influence of hydrogen bond donors in deep eutectic solvents on the extraction of metals during the recycling process of lithium-ion batteries

Suryakamal Sarma, Shivansh Singh, Vamshi Krishna Rao, Tridib K. Sarma and Vinod Kumar

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 8046
DOI: 10.1039/D5NJ01060H

Multi-State Reliability Modeling and Assessment for Corrosion of Organic Coating-Substrate Structure

Chaoyang Xie and Hao Zhang

ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 11
DOI: 10.1115/1.4066926

Efficient Recycling Processes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sabyasachi Paul and Pranav Shrotriya

Materials, 2025, 18, 613
DOI: 10.3390/ma18030613

A novel technology for lithium extraction through low-temperature synergistic roasting of α-spodumene with lepidolite

Qilin Zhai, Runqing Liu, Yunfeng Song, Zhiyuan Mao and Wei Sun

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 355, 129667
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129667

A green and sustainable strategy toward lithium resources recycling from spent batteries

Jing Xu, Yang Jin, Kai Liu, Nawei Lyu, Zili Zhang, Bin Sun, Qianzheng Jin, Hongfei Lu, Huajun Tian, Xin Guo, Devaraj Shanmukaraj, Hui Wu, Meicheng Li, Michel Armand and Guoxiu Wang

Sci. Adv., 2022, 8
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7948

A review on technologies for recovery of metals from waste lithium-ion batteries

Rahul Rautela, Bholu Ram Yadav and Sunil Kumar

Journal of Power Sources, 2023, 580, 233428
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233428

Methods of Utilization of Lithium-ion Datteries. Part 2. Recycling of electrode materials

D.A. Shlyapin, Yu.V. Surovikin, I.V. Mishakov, D.V. Agafonov and O.V. Netskina

Èkol. prom. Ross., 2024, 28, 40
DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2024-11-40-46

Development of an innovative process involving the use of ionic liquids for the recovery and purification of rare earths from permanent magnets and NIMH batteries

Jokin Hidalgo, María Tripiana, Laura Sanchez-Cupido, Manuel Barragán, María González-Moya and Amal Siriwardana

Open Res Europe, 2021, 1, 89
DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13833.1

Magnetic field-assisted bioleaching of cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Jun-Ho Hong, Jeon Kim, Ejin Han, Seon-Mo Yang, Hee-Soo Kim, Jihwan Kim and Chong Seung Yoon

Chemosphere, 2025, 376, 144303
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144303

Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling─Overview of Techniques and Trends

Zachary J. Baum, Robert E. Bird, Xiang Yu and Jia Ma

ACS Energy Lett., 2022, 7, 712
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02602

Lithium Ion Batteries: Characteristics, Recycling and Deep‐Sea Mining

Samrudh Devanahalli Bokkassam and Jegatha Nambi Krishnan

Battery Energy, 2024, 3
DOI: 10.1002/bte2.20240022

Recovery of NMC cathode powder using a novel NADES as beta-alanine: Citric acid and electrochemical characterization

Elif Güloğlu and Gökhan Orhan

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 117448
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.117448

Recyclable Organic Redox Molecules for Sustainable Batteries

Kouki Oka and Hitoshi Kasai

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402707

Selective lithium recovery using bacterial cellulose acetate membranes: toward green recycling of spent Li-ion batteries

Arooj Fatima, Hafiz M. Saif, Francisco X. Nascimento, Sylwin Pawlowski and João G. Crespo

Journal of Membrane Science, 2026, 737, 124776
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124776

Alkaline Ni−Zn Rechargeable Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage: Battery Components, Deterioration Mechanisms, and Impact of Additives

Katerina Bogomolov and Yair Ein‐Eli

ChemSusChem, 2024, 17
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300940

Bibliometric Insights Into Lithium‐Ion Battery Research and Recycling Trends (2011–2022)

Divya Baskaran, S. Rajeswari, K. Kanimozhi, Hun-Soo Byun and Fatemeh Boshagh

International Journal of Energy Research, 2026, 2026
DOI: 10.1155/er/4339273

Methods of Utilization of Lithium-ion Вatteries. Part 1. Basic Approaches to Recycling

D.A. Shlyapin, Yu.V. Surovikin, I.V. Mishakov, D.V. Agafonov and O.V. Netskina

Èkol. prom. Ross., 2024, 28, 37
DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2024-10-37-43

Recycling spent lithium batteries – an overview of pretreatment flowsheet development based on metallurgical factors

Gholamreza Khodadadmahmoudi, Kourosh Javdan Tabar, Amir Hesam Homayouni and Saeed Chehreh Chelgani

Environmental Technology Reviews, 2023, 12
DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2023.2248559

Integrated assessment of deep eutectic solvents questions solvometallurgy as a sustainable recycling approach for lithium-ion batteries

Mengmeng Wang, Zibo Xu, Shanta Dutta, Kang Liu, Claudia Labianca, James H. Clark, Julie B. Zimmerman and Daniel C.W. Tsang

One Earth, 2023, 6, 1400
DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.09.002

Lithium recovery from secondary sources: A review in battery recycling with emphasis on chemical precipitation

Lorena E. Ramirez Velazquez and Hervé Muhr

Comptes Rendus. Chimie, 2025, 27, 133
DOI: 10.5802/crchim.316

A novel approach for direct lithium extraction from alkali metal cations in brine mixtures using thermally switchable solvents

Elizabeth Dach, Juliana Marston, Sara Abu-Obaid, Allison Peng and Ngai Yin Yip

Joule, 2026, 10, 102265
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102265

Efficient separation and recovery of lithium and manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries powder leaching solution

Pengfei Shi, Shenghai Yang, Guoqing Wu, Huayong Chen, Di Chang, Yafei Jie, Gang Fang, Caixuan Mo and Yongming Chen

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 309, 123063
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123063

Recovery of Lithium and Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Valery Kaplan, Ellen Wachtel, Yishay Feldman and Igor Lubomirsky

JOM, 2023, 75, 5859
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-023-06148-z

Recycling lithium-ion batteries: A review of current status and future directions

Martin C. Etude, Alexander I. Ikeuba, Chigoziri N. Njoku, Emmanuel Yakubu, Henry C. Uzoma, Chukwuebuka E. Mgbemere and Daniel I. Udunwa

Sustainable Chemistry One World, 2024, 4, 100027
DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100027

Closed-loop resynthesis of LiNiCoAlO2 cathode active materials from the industrial leachate of spent li-ion batteries

Seoa Kim, Sanghyuk Park, Dongwoo Kim, Chanmin Kim, Namho Koo, Junghwan Kim and Kyungjung Kwon

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 494, 153199
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.153199

β‐Cyclodextrin modified deep eutectic solvent for recovering valuable metals from retired lithium batteries

Yan Zhang, Tongtong Xia, Ying Xu, Xiang Wang, Yinglong Wang, Zhaoyou Zhu, Peizhe Cui and Guoxuan Li

AIChE Journal, 2026, 72
DOI: 10.1002/aic.70134

Geçmişten Günümüze Batarya Teknolojisi

Şükran EFE and Zeynep Azra GÜNGÖR

European Journal of Science and Technology, 2022
DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.1048673

Recovery of lithium from Li-ion battery leachate by gas-liquid precipitation

L.E. Ramírez Velázquez, Laëtitia Palos, Marie Le Page Mostefa and Hervé Muhr

Journal of Crystal Growth, 2024, 631, 127625
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2024.127625

Cutting-edge recycling solution at pilot-scale for end-of-life LiFePO4 batteries and recovery of graphite using centrifuge filtration

Abhilash Mishra and Rina Sahu

Particuology, 2025, 99, 11
DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.02.012

One-Step Solvometallurgical Process for Purification of Lithium Chloride to Battery Grade

Dženita Avdibegović, Viet Tu Nguyen and Koen Binnemans

J. Sustain. Metall., 2022, 8, 893
DOI: 10.1007/s40831-022-00540-w

Cathode active materials using rare metals recovered from waste lithium-ion batteries: A review

Yusuke Abe, Ryoei Watanabe, Tatsuya Yodose and Seiji Kumagai

Heliyon, 2024, 10, e28145
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28145

Economic and environmental implications of extractant loss in lithium recovery from waste battery effluent: A comparative study of β-diketone-based extractants, HDBM and HBTA

Jieun-Cha, Thang Toan Vu, Junhyung-Seo, Seungu-Cho, Yeongeun-Choi and Daesung-Song

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025, 71, 107262
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107262

Synchronous separation of Al foil and leaching of metals in cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries by a deep eutectic solvent

Shang Liu, Yaoguo Huang, Linlin Chen, Xianfu Sun, Lipeng Zhang and Yali Zhang

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2026, 86, 108678
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108678

Inverse Punicines: Isomers of Punicine and Their Application in LiAlO2, Melilite and CaSiO3 Separation

Maximilian H. Fischer, Ali Zgheib, Iliass El Hraoui, Alena Schnickmann, Thomas Schirmer, Gunnar Jeschke and Andreas Schmidt

Separations, 2025, 12, 202
DOI: 10.3390/separations12080202

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Structural and Diffusion Properties of Dehydrated Layered Double Aluminum and Lithium Hydroxide

V. G. Luk’yanchuk, A. V. Lankin and G. E. Norman

Jetp Lett., 2023, 118, 597
DOI: 10.1134/S002136402360297X

Long term lithium availability and electric mobility: What can we learn from resource assessment?

Francesco Sanginesi, Giulia Millacci, Andrea Giaccherini, Antonella Buccianti, Lorenzo Fusi, Francesco Di Benedetto and Luca Pardi

Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 249, 107212
DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107212

Proactive approach to minimize lithium pollution

Alex T. Chow

J of Env Quality, 2022, 51, 872
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20405

Leaching Kinetics of Valuable Metals from Calcined Material of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Natcha Wongnaree, Tapany Patcharawit, Tanongsak Yingnakorn and Sakhob Khumkoa

ACS Omega, 2024, 9, 46822
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05086

Efficiency comparison of succinic acid and oxalic acid with choline chloride deep-eutectic solvent through response surface methodology

Shang-Cyuan Chen, Feng-Chih Chou, Shivani Shirke, Shou-Yuan Lin and Yuan-Chung Lin

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025, 174, 106230
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106230

Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation

Takoua Ounissi, Rihab Belhadj Ammar, Christian Larchet, Lobna Chaabane, Lassaad Baklouti, Lasâad Dammak and Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida

Membranes, 2022, 12, 244
DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020244

Developing safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries: Strategies and approaches

Guanjun Chen, Rui Tan, Chunlin Zeng, Yan Li, Zexin Zou, Hansen Wang, Chuying Ouyang, Jiayu Wan and Jinlong Yang

Progress in Materials Science, 2025, 154, 101516
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101516

Chlorination Roasting of Li-Bearing Minerals and Slags: Combined Evaluation of Lithium Recovery Ratio and Lithium Chloride Product Purity

Jungho Heo, Peter Tom Jones, Bart Blanpain and Muxing Guo

J. Sustain. Metall., 2023, 9, 1353
DOI: 10.1007/s40831-023-00729-7

Upcycling valuable metals of spent LIB cathode into high-performance catalysts for CO2-CH4 dry reforming

Long Lv, Junguang Meng, Changqi Liu, Jubing Zhang, Xinye Wang, Changsheng Bu, Youxiang Bu, Lei Zhou, Liming Yang and Xubiao Luo

Fuel, 2026, 405, 136429
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136429

Critical metal extraction from spent battery cathodes and anticipated developments using next generation green solvents for achieving a net-zero future

Madhusmita Dash, Abhayjeet Kumar Dubey, Tushar Choudhary, Yong Liu, Himansu Sekhar Nanda and Soobhankar Pati

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 507, 160324
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160324

Stability assessment of layer-by-layer nanofiltration membranes for element recovery from highly acidic media

Meret Amrein, Karina Rohrer, Dirk Hengevoss, Tobias Müller, Bastien Vallat, Dalila Rocco, Michael Thomann, Frank Nüesch, Sebastian Hedwig and Markus Lenz

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2026, 225, 108630
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108630

Water as a Sustainable Leaching Agent for the Selective Leaching of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Rafaela Greil, Joevy Chai, Georg Rudelstorfer, Stefan Mitsche and Susanne Lux

ACS Omega, 2024
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07405

Exploring the frontiers of polymer electrolyte: Pioneering advances in lithium-ion batteries recycling

Muhammad Zharfan Mohd Halizan, Siti Nur Amira Shaffee, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Saiful 'Arifin Shafiee, Fadzli Irwan Bahrudin, Nuraini Daud, Irina Harun, Mohd Helmi Abu Yahya and Mohd Muzamir Mahat

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2024, 967, 118435
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118435

Deriving principles from participatory modelling to augment circularity and sustainability in EV battery lifecycle

Amita Singh, Mubashir Hayat and Herwig Winkler

Procedia CIRP, 2024, 130, 498
DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.120

Direct Recycling of All‐Solid‐State Batteries with a Halide Solid Electrolyte via Water‐Based Separation: Interactions of Electrode Materials in Aqueous Li3InCl6 Solutions

Martine Jacob, Harol Moreno Fernández, Aaron Haben, Aamir Iqbal Waidha, Simay Özel, Jan P. Hofmann, Ralf Kautenburger, Oliver Clemens and Kerstin Wissel

Batteries & Supercaps, 2025, 8
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500189

Nano-enhanced phase change material using salt hydrate and cooper nanoparticles for battery thermal management system: Buoyancy-driven approach

Changgui Xie

Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 74, 108788
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108788

Efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using green deep eutectic solvents: Process optimization, mechanistic analysis, and environmental impact assessment

Songming Zheng, Shuang Xu, Zhenghao Wang, Huamei Duan, Dengfu Chen, Mujun Long and Yandong Li

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 480, 144128
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144128

Electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode recovered from pyrolysis residue of waste Li-ion batteries

Yusuke Abe, Kensuke Sawa, Masahiro Tomioka, Ryoei Watanabe, Tatsuya Yodose and Seiji Kumagai

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 922, 116761
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116761

Investigation of the chlorination behavior of Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 for recycling

Min Ku Jeon, Sung-Wook Kim, Hyungsub Kim and Kyoung Sun Kim

J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 2023, 60, 440
DOI: 10.1007/s43207-022-00279-w

Electrochemically-assisted leaching of active cathode materials from spent batteries with minimal pre-treatment using hydroxylated solvents

Henrique Bastos, Nicolas Schaeffer, Jennifer M. Pringle, Mojtaba Eftekharnia, João A.P. Coutinho and Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 364, 132354
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132354

Dissolution Behavior of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials in Aquatic Systems: Key Drivers and Molecular Mechanisms

Ya Liu, Haonan Wen, Yangsheng Chen, Xuezhi Yang, Yin Liu, Bin Zhao and Guibin Jiang

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2026, 60, 6589
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c12432

Retrieving Spent Cathodes from Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Flourishing Technologies

Benjamin Raj, Manoj Kumar Sahoo, Aleksandar Nikoloski, Pritam Singh, Suddhasatwa Basu and Mamata Mohapatra

Batteries & Supercaps, 2023, 6
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202200418

Scandium and niobium incorporated lithium titanate as the anode for Li-ion batteries

C. Kumar, B. Bhusan, A. K. Sinha, A. K. Jha and S. K. Sinha

DJNB, 2023, 18, 933
DOI: 10.15251/DJNB.2023.183.933

Technological pathways and sustainability insights into spent lithium-ion batteries

Anusha Ekanayake, Samson S. Yu, Sakib T. Hossain, Hongli Su, Yihan Chen, Joe Fleming, Yongqing Zhang and Shuaifei Zhao

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2026, 47, e01859
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01859

Global deletome profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to lithium

Nicolas Fierling, Patrick Billard, Pascale Bauda and Damien Blaudez

Metallomics, 2024, 16
DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad073

Strategies for overcoming challenges in using deep eutectic solvents for the selective extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review

Runchang Su, Shujie Tang, Mei Zhang and Min Guo

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 113200
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113200

Human–robot task distribution metrics in car battery recycling: a case study on screw removal

Luca Quattrucci, Matteo Russo, Reza Radpour and Marco Ceccarelli

Robotica, 2025, 43, 3845
DOI: 10.1017/S0263574725102087

Recovery of lithium from LiAlO2 in waste box sagger through sulfation to produce Li2SO4 and sequential wet conversion to Li3PO4, LiCl and Li2CO3

Junho Shin, Jae-Min Jeong, Jin Bae Lee, Nam Su Heo, Hanjung Kwon, Young Ho Kim and Taegong Ryu

Hydrometallurgy, 2023, 215, 105988
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105988

A novel giniite route to separate impure Fe/Al for recovering Li from spent lithium-ion battery

Ting Su, Jingyi Pan, Hongyu Chen, Zhihua Wang, Jiancong Liu, Rui Bian, Suiyi Zhu, Jiewen Yang, Jialin Liang, Weilu Yang and Yang Yu

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 2023, 12, 100344
DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100344

Nickel and Cobalt Recovery from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via Electrodialysis Metathesis

Adam Isaksson, Juan Anaya Garzon, Ida Strandkvist and Lena Sundqvist Öqvist

Membranes, 2025, 15, 97
DOI: 10.3390/membranes15040097

A review on recycling of lithium-ion batteries to recover critical metals

Gautam Mishra, Rohit Jha, Arunabh Meshram and Kamalesh K. Singh

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10, 108534
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108534

Dissolution of Lithium Contained in Lepidolite Using Ascorbic Acid: Kinetic and Modeling Analysis

Sayra Ordoñez, Iván A. Reyes, Francisco Patiño, Hernán Islas, Martín Reyes, Miguel Pérez, Julio C. Juárez and Mizraim U. Flores

Materials, 2024, 17, 5447
DOI: 10.3390/ma17225447

Zero-waste recycling of lithium and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries by three-stage electrodialysis

Adam Isaksson, Juan Anaya Garzon, Ida Strandkvist and Lena Sundqvist Öqvist

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 368, 133060
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133060

4‐Phosphoryl Pyrazolones for Highly Selective Lithium Separation from Alkali Metal Ions

Jianfeng Zhang, Marco Wenzel, Johannes Steup, Gerrit Schaper, Felix Hennersdorf, Hao Du, Shili Zheng, Leonard F. Lindoy and Jan J. Weigand

Chemistry A European J, 2022, 28
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103640

Experimental and economic-environmental analysis of bipolar membrane electrodialysis in lithium-ion battery recycling

Adam Isaksson, Juan Anaya Garzon, Ida Strandkvist and Lena Sundqvist Öqvist

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2026, 14, 121920
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2026.121920

Recovering the Cathode Material Adhered to the Collector and Separator of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Recycling Purposes

Marcelo Henrique Novaes, Paulo Rogério Catarini Da Silva, Paulo Sergio Parreira, Gabriel Gonzaga Santos, Lucas Evangelista Sita and Jair Scarminio

Semin., Exact Tech. Scienc., 2023, 44, e47835
DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2023.v44.47835

Synthesis of benzo‐12‐crown‐4 ether immobilized silica for lithium‐ion adsorption

Yun‐Gyeong Jeong, Che‐Ryong Lim, Yong‐Bok Na, Yeoung‐Sang Yun, Se‐Jung Kim and Youn‐Sik Lee

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc, 2025, 46, 69
DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12926

Polymer electrolytes based on protic ionic liquids with perfluorinated anions for safe lithium-ion batteries

Giselle de Araujo Lima e Souza, Maria Enrica di Pietro, Franca Castiglione, Patricia Fazzio Martins Martinez, Carla Cecilia Fraenza, Phillip Stallworth, Steven Greenbaum, Alessandro Triolo, Giovanni Battista Appetecchi and Andrea Mele

Electrochimica Acta, 2024, 474, 143466
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143466

A simple, low-cost and scalable synthesis of SbSn@C composite for stable sodium-ion batteries

Hao Feng, Xiaohua Li, Shilun Gao, Ruijie Guo, Yuchen Wei, Dandan Yang and Huabin Yang

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2025, 36
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-025-14239-7

Strategic Lithium‐Ion Battery Recycling for Global Resource Challenges

Joo Hyeong Suh, Hyojoo Lee, Jiwoon Kim, Hayeon Bae, Jong Hyun Shim, Wei Kong Pang, Yong Ho Kim, Sunkook Kim, Junyoung Mun, Taeseup Song and Jung Ho Kim

Carbon Neutralization, 2025, 4
DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70018

Chemical Characterization of an ARDUINO® Board and Its Surface Mount Devices for the Evaluation of Their Intrinsic Economic Value

Pietro Romano, Nicolò Maria Ippolito and Francesco Vegliò

Processes, 2023, 11, 1911
DOI: 10.3390/pr11071911

Revitamize LFP! Ascorbic Acid‐Assisted Direct Regeneration of Spent LiFePO4 for Li‐Ion Batteries

Tassadit Ouaneche, Lorenzo Stievano, François Rabuel, Arash Jamali, Claude Guéry, Laure Monconduit, Moulay Tahar Sougrati and Nadir Recham

Batteries & Supercaps, 2025, 8
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400765

Mining minerals and critical raw materials from bittern: Understanding metal ions fate in saltwork ponds

F. Vicari, S. Randazzo, J. López, M. Fernández de Labastida, V. Vallès, G. Micale, A. Tamburini, G. D'Alì Staiti, J.L. Cortina and A. Cipollina

Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 847, 157544
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157544

Geology and Mineralization Characteristics of Rare Metal (Li, Mo, W, and Nb-Ta) Deposits in Mongolia

Daeyong Kim and Seungyeol Lee

J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 2025, 62, 138
DOI: 10.32390/ksmer.2025.62.2.138

Recovery of high-value metals from the cathode of spent lithium-ion batteries via acid leaching: A review

Kaleab Bizuneh Gebeyehu, Linlin Chen, Linjing Fan, Yanhong Chao and Wenshuai Zhu

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 116174
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116174

A review on spent Mn-containing Li-ion batteries: Recovery technologies, challenges, and future perspectives

Mengwei Guo, Bo Zhang, Mingyuan Gao, Rongrong Deng and Qibo Zhang

Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 354, 120454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120454

Electrolyte Engineering with Carboranes for Next-Generation Mg Batteries

Anton W. Tomich, Jianjun Chen, Veronica Carta, Juchen Guo and Vincent Lavallo

ACS Cent. Sci., 2024, 10, 264
DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01176

Membranes for Lithium Recovery From Conventional and Unconventional Sources

Nurshaun Sreedhar, Rebecca Lee, Sreejith Appukuttan, Hariswaran Sitaraman, Jason DesVeaux, Gary Grim, Mou Paul, Manish Kumar and Abhishek Roy

ACS EST Eng., 2026
DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.5c00997

Fruit waste-derived lixiviant: A viable green chemical for lithium-ion battery recycling

Minh Phuong Do, Hong Kit Lim, Chiew Kei Tan, Ernest Jun Jie Tang, Madhavi Srinivasan and Chor Yong Tay

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 420, 138303
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138303

LiV3O8 Nanoplates Via Polyacrylamide-assisted Freeze Drying Method and as Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

Lin Li, Wei Zheng, Rongfei Zhao, Jinsong Cheng, F.-N. Shi, G. Korotcenkov, Y.-L. Lin, R. Dastjerdi, J.-S. Li and D. Dobrota

E3S Web Conf., 2021, 299, 03008
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202129903008

Centralized vs. Decentralized Black-Mass Production: A Comparative Analysis of Lithium Reverse Logistics Supply Chain Networks

Oluwatosin S. Atitebi and Erick C. Jones

Logistics, 2025, 9, 97
DOI: 10.3390/logistics9030097

Hydrometallurgical Extraction of Valuable Metals by Mixed Acid Leaching System for Used Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sadaf Fatima, Muhammad Kaleem Khosa, Awal Noor, Sadaf Qayyum and Mohamed El Oirdi

Sustainability, 2024, 16, 6817
DOI: 10.3390/su16166817

Upscaled Recycling of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Cathode Using an Automated Electrochemical System towards Low-Carbon Utilization of Waste Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB)

Danielle Abigail Clyde, Khai Yang Tan, Wen Jie Yiang, Wen Siong Poh, Jessin Tiu, Jiexiang Wang, Jun-tao Li, Nay Ming Huang, Binghui Chen and Chuan Yi Foo

ACS EST Eng., 2025, 5, 979
DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.4c00744

Lithium brine mining affects geodiversity and Sustainable Development Goals

E.S. Rentier, C. Hoorn and A.C. Seijmonsbergen

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2024, 202, 114642
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114642

Recycling cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries via Hydro-to-Cathode® method

Jong Hyun Shim

Front. Batter. Electrochem., 2025, 3
DOI: 10.3389/fbael.2024.1397122

Comparison of different pretreatment processes for lithium-ion battery recycling from a life cycle assessment perspective

Umut Kar, Ario Fahimi, Tomasz Suponik, Muammer Kaya and Pengbo Chu

Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 392, 126798
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126798

Research progress of ionic liquids in recycling waste lithium-ion batteries: from metal extraction to material regeneration

Xinyuan Zhang, Zhenzhen Wang and Zhiyong Li

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 379, 134850
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134850

A Systematic Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Disassembly Processes for Efficient Recycling

Shubiao Wu, Nicolaj Kaden and Klaus Dröder

Batteries, 2023, 9, 297
DOI: 10.3390/batteries9060297

Recovery of cathode materials from inprocess rejected electrode scrape of lithium-ion batteries for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction

Gokulasaravanan T., Nafis Ahmed, Balaji Bhargav P., Gautham Kumar G., Mathew K. Farncis, Rekha L. and Niranjan C.

Chemical Engineering Communications, 2025, 212, 831
DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2024.2435906

The Influence of Spent Portable Battery Waste on the Aquatic Environment

Irina Smical, Adriana Muntean, Valer Micle and Ioana Monica Sur

Applied Sciences, 2023, 13, 11658
DOI: 10.3390/app132111658

Treatment and recycling of spent lithium-based batteries: a review

Sameer Al-Asheh, Ahmad Aidan, Teeba Allawi, Fatma Hammoud, Humaid Al Ali and Maha Al Khamiri

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2024, 26, 76
DOI: 10.1007/s10163-023-01842-1

Three-dimensional electrodes in hybrid electrolytes for high-loading and long-lasting calcium-ion batteries

Cao Duy Anh, Yeon Jwoong Kim, Thuan Ngoc Vo, Doosoo Kim, Jaehyun Hur, Hadi Khani and Il Tae Kim

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 471, 144631
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144631

The Investigation of Triple-Lithiated Transition Metal Oxides Synthesized from the Spent LiCoO2

Alexandra Kosenko, Konstantin Pushnitsa, Vladislav Chernyavsky, Pavel Novikov and Anatoliy A. Popovich

Batteries, 2023, 9, 423
DOI: 10.3390/batteries9080423

Biochar-Derived Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

Ntalane Sello Seroka, Hongze Luo and Lindiwe Khotseng

Batteries, 2024, 10, 144
DOI: 10.3390/batteries10050144

A Squaramide-Crown Ether-Based Receptor and Polymer for Enhanced Lithium Chloride Extraction

Damian Jagleniec, Aleksandra Kopeć, Łukasz Dobrzycki and Jan Romański

Inorg. Chem., 2024, 63, 24797
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04127

Generation of Controlled Liquid–Liquid Slug Flow by Interlocking Two Diaphragm Pumps

Akinori Muto, Hidetaka Abe, Keita Kanki, Takashi Fukuda and Shin-ichiro Kawasaki

Separations, 2022, 9, 97
DOI: 10.3390/separations9040097

Economic and environmental assessments of an integrated lithium-ion battery waste recycling supply chain: A hybrid simulation approach

Meditya Wasesa, Taufiq Hidayat, Dinda Thalia Andariesta, Made Giri Natha, Alma Kenanga Attazahri, Mochammad Agus Afrianto, Mohammad Zaki Mubarok, Zulfiadi Zulhan and Utomo Sarjono Putro

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 379, 134625
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134625

Lithium-ion battery recycling evolution: Could entire cell regeneration be the next step?

Ayesha Tariq, Qing Ai, Yifan Zhu, Katlyn Schmeltzer, Tianyou Xie and Jun Lou

Next Energy, 2025, 7, 100234
DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100234

Redox-Active Crown Ether Copolymer for Selective Lithium Recovery from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nayeong Kim, Johannes Elbert, Hee-Eun Kim, Chengxian Wu and Xiao Su

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 4655
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01901

A review of cathode and electrolyte recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: Recent technologies, processes and policies

Songming Zheng, Tao Chen, Yujie Fang, Chang He, Huamei Duan, Shan Ren and Chunbao Charles Xu

Resources Chemicals and Materials, 2024, 3, 188
DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.01.003

Unsaponified high efficiency extraction for cathode metal recycling at low phase ratios using a gas-in-oil-in-water (G/O/W) microfluidic extractor

Ji Hun Lim, Yeon Kyeong Jang, Beom Kwon Jang, Sung Hun Cho, Si-Jeong Song, Gi-Ra Yi and Pil J. Yoo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 394, 137524
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137524

Will Iron Forge the Future of Metal‐Air Batteries in Grid Scale Energy Storage?

Katerina Bogomolov and Yair Ein‐Eli

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402412

Recycling of Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2 via a chlorination technique

Min Ku Jeon, Sung-Wook Kim, Hee-Chul Eun, Keunyoung Lee, Hyungsub Kim and Maengkyo Oh

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2022, 39, 1472
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1083-6

Economic analysis of lithium-ion battery recycling

Eduardo Enrique Martinez Jorges, António M.N. Quintino and Diogo M.F. Santos

AIMSE, 2023, 11, 960
DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023045

Sustainable innovation in the lithium industry through data science: perspectives and challenges

Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía, Irahan-Otoniel José-Guzmán, Jorge Cruz-Salazar and Eddy Sánchez-DelaCruz

Clean Techn Environ Policy, 2025, 27, 2701
DOI: 10.1007/s10098-025-03231-8

An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Recycling Route of Valuable Metals from Spent Ternary Li-Ion Batteries: Kinetics Evaluation of Chlorination Processes and Regeneration of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Materials

Wenning Mu, Xiaolong Bi, Junjin Meng, Weisong Sun, Xuefei Lei and Shaohua Luo

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 47646
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09834

Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling and mining supply chains

Michael L. Machala, Xi Chen, Samantha P. Bunke, Gregory Forbes, Akarys Yegizbay, Jacques A. de Chalendar, Inês L. Azevedo, Sally Benson and William A. Tarpeh

Nat Commun, 2025, 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56063-x

A comprehensive review of the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries with molten salt method: Progress, shortcomings and prospects

Yidi Liu, Xu Zhang, Wenjun Ma, Heng Duan, Qinxin Zhao and Zhiyuan Liang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 99, 113407
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113407

State-of-the-art lithium-ion battery recycling technologies

Muammer Kaya

Circular Economy, 2022, 1, 100015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2022.100015

Recycling of LiMO2 cathode materials by a chlorination-based Li extraction technique

Min Ku Jeon, Sung-Wook Kim, Hyungsub Kim and Kyoung Sun Kim

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2022, 39, 2594
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1232-y

An Investigation on Li-Ion Battery Recycling via In Situ Alloying: Influence of Slag Composition on Li and F Evaporation

Safoura Babanejad, Hesham Ahmed, Charlotte Andersson, Olga Rodríguez-Largo, Anton Andersson, Lorena Alcaraz and Félix A. López

Metals, 2025, 15, 199
DOI: 10.3390/met15020199

An integrated study on pyrolysis, flotation, and leaching for optimized recycling of industrial battery materials

Gulsah Tas, Jere Vänskä, Natalia Araya-Gomez, Jere Partinen, Anna Klemettinen, Mari Lundström and Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero

Minerals Engineering, 2026, 235, 109839
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109839

Literature Review, Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles, Part I: Recycling Technology

Anna Pražanová, Vaclav Knap and Daniel-Ioan Stroe

Energies, 2022, 15, 1086
DOI: 10.3390/en15031086

Chlorination behavior of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2

Min Ku Jeon, Sung-Wook Kim, Maengkyo Oh, Hee-Chul Eun and Keunkyoung Lee

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2022, 39, 2345
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1166-4

Electrochemical methods contribute to the recycling and regeneration path of lithium-ion batteries

Xiaohui Li, Shuaiwei Liu, Jiachao Yang, Zhenjiang He, Junchao Zheng and Yunjiao Li

Energy Storage Materials, 2023, 55, 606
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.12.022

Optimization of dry grinding conditions for critical metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using response surface methodology

F. Mulet-Mery, J. Valenzuela-Elgueta and M. Maleki

Minerals Engineering, 2026, 237, 110019
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110019

Advances in Physical Processing of Cathode and Anode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Shuangxiang Zeng, Aoyu Huang, Lisha Dong, Mohamed A. Deyab and Xiangning Bu

Sustainability, 2026, 18, 2546
DOI: 10.3390/su18052546

Microwave Assisted Ultrafast, Selective Lithium Extraction in Deep Eutectic Solvent for LIB Cathode Recycling

Salma H. Alhashim, Sohini Bhattacharyya and Pulickel M Ajayan

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202404570

Regeneration and Reusability of HDBM-TOPO for Lithium Recovery from Industrial Effluent of a Battery Recycling

Yeongeun Choi, Jieun Cha, Seungu Cho, Seohyeon Park, Seokbeom Choi, Hojung Kim and Daesung Song

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2026, 43, 957
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-025-00644-5

Selective Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery NMC Cathodes Using a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Rashid Nadirov, Kaster Kamunur, Lyazzat Mussapyrova, Aisulu Batkal and Olesya Tyumentseva

Metals, 2025, 15, 1113
DOI: 10.3390/met15101113

Pre-Recycling Material Analysis of NMC Lithium-Ion Battery Cells from Electric Vehicles

Anna Pražanová, Jan Kočí, Martin Havlík Míka, Dominik Pilnaj, Zbyněk Plachý and Vaclav Knap

Crystals, 2023, 13, 214
DOI: 10.3390/cryst13020214

Review of Economic, Technical and Environmental Aspects of Electric Vehicles

Marcin Koniak, Piotr Jaskowski and Krzysztof Tomczuk

Sustainability, 2024, 16, 9849
DOI: 10.3390/su16229849

Hydrometallurgical process of spent lithium-ion battery recycling Part. 2 Recovery of valuable metals from the cathode active material leachates: Review and cost analysis

Junghyun Lim, Yunjai Jang, Junbeum Lee, Chaehyeon Lee, Omayma Jbari, Kyungjung Kwon and Eunhyea Chung

Hydrometallurgy, 2025, 236, 106516
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106516

Removal of impurity Metals as Phosphates from Lithium-ion Battery leachates

John R. Klaehn, Meng Shi, Luis A. Diaz, Daniel E. Molina, Sabrina M. Reich, Olena Palasyuk, Reyixiati Repukaiti and Tedd E. Lister

Hydrometallurgy, 2023, 217, 106041
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106041

Porous cellulose propionate induced by mobile phase for specific channels

Jisoo Lee and Sang Wook Kang

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2023, 40, 2997
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-023-1537-5

Selective lithium recovery from spent LFP Li-ion batteries using organic acids

Maryam Ali, Naseem Iqbal, Tayyaba Noor and Neelam Zaman

Ionics, 2025, 31, 273
DOI: 10.1007/s11581-024-05960-0

Circular production of cathode active materials from spent batteries via large-scale CO2– and NH3-assisted waste-to-resource integration

Yeongeun Joo, Nahyeon Kim, Hyeonjeong Lee, Sumin Jeong and Soonho Hwangbo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 379, 135024
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135024

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Jonas Neumann, Martina Petranikova, Marcel Meeus, Jorge D. Gamarra, Reza Younesi, Martin Winter and Sascha Nowak

Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202102917

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Structural and Diffusion Properties of Dehydrated Layered Double Aluminum and Lithium Hydroxide

V. G. Luk'yanchuk, A. V. Lankin and G. E. Norman

Pisʹma v žurnal êksperimentalʹnoj i teoretičeskoj fiziki, 2023, 118, 609
DOI: 10.31857/S1234567823200107

Holistic Recovery of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Flash Joule Heating

Shichen Xu, Justin Sharp, Qiming Liu, Jaeho Shin, Haoxin Ye, Kaiwen Yang, Shihui Chen, Karla Silva, Ralph Abdel Nour, Carter Kittrell, Haojie Zhu, Bowen Li, Khalil JeBailey, Carolyn Teng, Boris I. Yakobson, Yufeng Zhao and James M. Tour

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202517293

Reaction-passivation mechanism driven materials separation for recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Zihe Chen, Ruikang Feng, Wenyu Wang, Shuibin Tu, Yang Hu, Xiancheng Wang, Renming Zhan, Jiao Wang, Jianzhi Zhao, Shuyuan Liu, Lin Fu and Yongming Sun

Nat Commun, 2023, 14
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40369-9

Possibilities of exploitation of useful metals from used Li-ion batteries

I A Rus, C Birtok Băneasă, A Socalici, E V Nicolae and O Gaianu

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2024, 2714, 012018
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2714/1/012018

Towards a circular economy: Modern recycling technologies for critical metals

Daniel Müller, David Ian Groves and Liang Zhang

Gondwana Research, 2026, 152, 80
DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.009

Toward Optimization of Polymer Electrolytes by Electrochemical Characterization: Poly(pentyl malonate) versus Poly(ethylene oxide)

Jaeyong Lee, Zach J. Hoffman, Saheli Chakraborty, Vivaan Patel and Nitash P. Balsara

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 831
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03525

Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials

Jing Wang and Gary M. Koenig

Chemistry A European J, 2024, 30
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302776

Importance of salinity on regulating the environmental fate and bioaccumulation of lithium in the Yangtze River Estuary

Chenxi Zou, Rui Wang, Shouye Yang and Daqiang Yin

Science of The Total Environment, 2024, 954, 176648
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176648

Stabilization of Mn4+ in Synthetic Slags and Identification of Important Slag Forming Phases

Alena Schnickmann, Danilo Alencar De Abreu, Olga Fabrichnaya and Thomas Schirmer

Minerals, 2024, 14, 368
DOI: 10.3390/min14040368

Recycling and second life of MXene electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries

Yunjie Li, Stefanie Arnold, Samantha Husmann and Volker Presser

Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 60, 106625
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.106625

A Review of Pretreatment Methods for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries to Produce Black Mass – Comparison of Processes of Asia Pacific Recyclers

Dessy Amalia, Pritam Singh, Wensheng Zhang and Aleksandar N. Nikoloski

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2025, 46, 626
DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2024.2367420

Rationalize the High Performance of Lithium Sorbents Derived from Gibbsite Guided by Phase Chemistry

Conglin You, Dongdong Li, Yanfei Fan, Dandan Gao, Li Han and Dewen Zeng

J. Sustain. Metall., 2024, 10, 893
DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00839-w

Structural Composition and Disassembly Techniques for Efficient Recycling of Waste Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhiqi Zhu and Xu Gao

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2025, 9
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202400610

Ethanol-driven bifunctional deep eutectic solvents for efficient in situ selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium batteries

Runchang Su, Shujie Tang, Yadi Wang, Mei Zhang and Min Guo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 364, 132577
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132577

Management strategies and recycling technologies: Lessons learned and roadmap for sustainable circular battery waste management in Saudi Arabia

Md Tasbirul Islam, Amjad Ali, Sikandar Abdul Qadir and Muhammad Shahid

Green Technologies and Sustainability, 2025, 3, 100160
DOI: 10.1016/j.grets.2024.100160

The Role of Critical Raw Materials for Novel Strategies in Sustainable Secondary Batteries

Manuel Salado, Erlantz Lizundia, Itziar Oyarzabal and Daniel Salazar

Physica Status Solidi (a), 2022, 219
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.202100710

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries: a review

Zhaocheng Huang, Zetong Feng, Lei Gou and Rui He

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2025, 27, 3143
DOI: 10.1007/s10163-025-02341-1

Hydrothermal Synthesis of MnV2O6 Nanorods as an Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

Lin Li, Wei Zheng, Rongfei Zhao, Jinsong Cheng, F.-N. Shi, G. Korotcenkov, Y.-L. Lin, R. Dastjerdi, J.-S. Li and D. Dobrota

E3S Web Conf., 2021, 299, 01008
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202129901008

Green upcycling of spent Li-ion battery cathode via transient thermal defluorination

Beikai Zhang, Duanmei Song, Lanbin Wang, Jiadong Yu and Jinhui Li

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 81, 104542
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104542

Insights into the Eco-Friendly Recovery Process for Valuable Metals from Waste Lithium-ion Batteries by Organic Acids Leaching

Vikas Chaudhary, Praveen Lakhera, Ki-Hyun Kim, Akash Deep and Parveen Kumar

Separation & Purification Reviews, 2024, 53, 82
DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2164650

Design and Optimization of an Economically Viable and Highly Efficient Strategy for Li Recycling from Spent LiFePO4 Batteries

Zhicheng Zhang, Jinfeng Tang, Minhua Su, Junhua Xu and Kaimin Shih

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 16124
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03797

High-purity Lithium Carbonate Manufacturing Technology from the Secondary Battery Recycling Waste using D2EHPA + TBP Solvent

Dipak Sen, Hee-Yul Yang and Se-Chul Hong

Resour. Recycl., 2023, 32, 21
DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2023.32.1.21

Upcycling of Spent LiCoO2 Cathode to Lithium Dual‐Ion Battery Anode

Shruti Suriyakumar, Bibin Pattavathi, Athira Jojo and Manikoth M. Shaijumon

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2023, 7
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202300052

Inorganic Graphenylene Based on Silicon Carbide as Anode Material for Na Batteries

Nicolas Ferreira Martins, Guilherme da Silva Lopes Fabris, Ary da Silva Maia, Anderson dos Reis Albuquerque and Julio Ricardo Sambrano

SSRN Journal, 2022
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4086700

Recycling of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from the End Product Quality Perspective

Deise F. Barbosa de Mattos, Simon Duda and Martina Petranikova

Batteries, 2025, 11, 33
DOI: 10.3390/batteries11010033

Photolysis-driven separation of Li/Fe in deep eutectic solvent recycling of spent LiFePO4 batteries: High-efficiency leaching and sustainable regeneration

Ke Cui, Ming-Chun Zhao, Yiran Li, Hao Yu, Xuefan Feng and Fuqin Zhang

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 120368
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.120368

The progress of MXene hydrogels fabrication for supercapacitor applications

Mehdi Mehrpooya, Mahdi Eshraghi Eivari, Mohammad Reza Ganjali and Min Hwan Lee

Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 661, 238653
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238653

Recovery of Separator from Battery Waste by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction: Removal of Electrolyte and Electrode Contaminants

Martin Östergren, Philipp Mikšovsky and Burçak Ebin

Batteries, 2026, 12, 118
DOI: 10.3390/batteries12040118

Recycling the waste LiMn2O4 of spent Li-ion batteries by pH gradient in neutral water electrolyser

J. Zhou, J. Bing, J. Ni, X. Wang and X. Guan

Materials Today Sustainability, 2022, 20, 100205
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2022.100205

Enhancing lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: Techno-economic analysis comparison with and without extractant recovery process

Seungu- Cho, Thang Toan Vu, Junghyeong- Seo, Jieun- Cha, Yeongeun- Choi and Daesung- Song

Waste Management, 2025, 201, 114787
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114787

Battery health management—a perspective of design, optimization, manufacturing, fault detection, and recycling

Pavel M. Roy, Harsh H. Sawant, Pratik P. Shelar, Prashil U. Sarode and S.H. Gawande

Energy Storage and Saving, 2024, 3, 190
DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.001

State-of-the-Art Lithium-Ion Battery Pretreatment Methods for the Recovery of Critical Metals

Muammer Kaya and Hossein Delavandani

Minerals, 2025, 15, 546
DOI: 10.3390/min15050546

Recovery Approaches for Spent Batteries: A Review

S. Pavithra and A. Sakunthala

Prabha Materials Science Letters, 2024, 3, 298
DOI: 10.33889/PMSL.2024.3.2.019

Effect of graphite on selective lithium recovery from NCM-lithium battery black mass via hydrogen reduction

Kunpeng Xu, Zhe Wang, Bolin Sun, Jingxiu Wang and Zhancheng Guo

Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 394, 127407
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127407

Optimized extraction of mesoporous nanocomposites from spent Li-ion batteries and their use to construct high-performance supercapacitor devices with ultra-high stability

Y.I. Mesbah, N. Ahmed, M.M. Hasan and N.K. Allam

Materials Today Chemistry, 2023, 30, 101521
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101521

Polyimide separators and optimized EC-DEC:MPPY electrolytes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Taeyong Shin, T.V.M. Sreekanth, B. Naresh, Yu-Rim Kim and Kisoo Yoo

Synthetic Metals, 2026, 318, 118098
DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118098

Synergistic modification of spinel LiMn2O4 with MgO doping and coating for mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect and enhancing lithium extraction from brine

Wenjie Fan, Luxiang Ma, Wencheng Pan, Xin Zeng, Zhixiang Li, Hongli Su, Peng Zhang and Yan Zhao

Desalination, 2025, 615, 119260
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119260

Inorganic graphenylene-like silicon carbide as anode material for Na batteries

Nicolas F. Martins, Guilherme S.L. Fabris, Ary S. Maia, Anderson R. Albuquerque and Julio R. Sambrano

FlatChem, 2022, 35, 100410
DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2022.100410

Battery Cathode Recycling With Superior Dissolution Kinetics by Laser Augmentation

Zixu Wang, Xin Hu, Hao Zhang, Yaduo Song, Yonggang Yao and Yunhui Huang

Small Methods, 2025, 9
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401975

Li2CO3 Recovery through a Carbon-Negative Electrodialysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Leachates

Meng Shi, Luis A. Diaz, John R. Klaehn, Aaron D. Wilson and Tedd E. Lister

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2022, 10, 11773
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02106

Co-products recovery does not necessarily mitigate environmental and economic tradeoffs in lithium-ion battery recycling

Yuanyu Cao, Liang Li, Ying Zhang, Zengwen Liu, Liqi Wang, Fan Wu and Jing You

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023, 188, 106689
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106689

Dual-Channel-Ion Conductor Membrane for Low-Energy Lithium Extraction

Hongyu Ma, Yun Xia, Zhouyou Wang, Tongwen Xu, George P. Simon and Huanting Wang

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2023, 57, 17246
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05935

CO2 microbubbling system for lithium carbonate precipitation

Hongsik Yoon, SeongBeom Jeon, Taijin Min, Seonghwan Kim, Joonwoo Park, Areum Kim, Sungil Lim and Kyungha Ryu

Environmental Engineering Research, 2024, 30, 240253
DOI: 10.4491/eer.2024.253

An overview of global power lithium-ion batteries and associated critical metal recycling

Youping Miao, Lili Liu, Yuping Zhang, Quanyin Tan and Jinhui Li

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 425, 127900
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127900

Review of Thermal Management Techniques for Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries

Nasim Saber, Christiaan Petrus Richter and Runar Unnthorsson

Energies, 2025, 18, 492
DOI: 10.3390/en18030492

Experiment-based conceptualization of an automated disassembly process chain for the recycling of lithium-ion battery modules

Timo Hölter, Fynn Hendrik Dierksen and Klaus Dröder

Procedia CIRP, 2024, 127, 249
DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2024.07.043

Recycling of solid-state batteries—challenge and opportunity for a circular economy?

Martine Jacob, Kerstin Wissel and Oliver Clemens

Mater. Futures, 2024, 3, 012101
DOI: 10.1088/2752-5724/acfb28

Recycling of cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries: Challenges and future perspectives

Tirath Raj, Kuppam Chandrasekhar, Amradi Naresh Kumar, Pooja Sharma, Ashok Pandey, Min Jang, Byong-Hun Jeon, Sunita Varjani and Sang-Hyoun Kim

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 429, 128312
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128312

Advanced Solid-State Electrolysis for Green and Efficient Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Material Recycling: Prototype Reactor Tests

Zixuan Wang, Ye Huang, Xi Wang, Dandan Wu and Xu Wu

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2022, 61, 12318
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02266

Asymmetric design of ion-transport channels in a polymeric membrane for lithium-ion sieving

Fanmengjing Wang, Kaiqiang He, Zhouyou Wang, Hongyu Ma, Fengyan Shi, Zhengchen Li, Xiangwen Zhou, Qi Wu, Durga Acharya, Cara M. Doherty, Matthew R. Hill, Zhikao Li and Huanting Wang

Journal of Membrane Science, 2026, 738, 124807
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124807

Green and sustainable recycling of MnCo2O4/Mn3O4/Li(Mn0.75Ni0.25)2O4 mixed oxide from of spent Li-ion and Zn–MnO2 batteries and evaluation of its photocatalytic properties

F.S. Betim, E.L.D. Coelho, V.M. Leal, B.Q. Guimarães, L.B. Magnago, A.A.L. Marins, S.A.D. Ferreira, M.F.F. Lelis and M.B.J.G. Freitas

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2023, 36, e00624
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00624

Introducing Li-ion battery technology to undergraduate students via hands-on lab studies and analysis

Katerina Bogomolov, Neta Yitzhack and Yair Ein-Eli

ChemTexts, 2026, 12
DOI: 10.1007/s40828-026-00219-9

Isolating Contiguous Fe Atoms by Forming a Co–Fe Intermetallic Catalyst from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries to Regulate Activity for Zinc–Air Batteries

Miaolun Jiao, Qi Zhang, Chenliang Ye, Runhua Gao, Lixin Dai, Guangmin Zhou and Hui-Ming Cheng

ACS Nano, 2022, 16, 13223
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06826

Optimizing pH conditions for impurity removal in closed-loop Li-ion battery recycling

Wooseok Kim, Sanghyuk Park, Gyeongbin Ko, Jimin Lee and Kyungjung Kwon

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 475, 146121
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.146121

Selective Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Combination of Reduction Roasting and Mechanochemical Activation

Yu Zhang, Jiangmin Guo, Meng Yu, Xingrui Li, Shaojun Liu, Hao Song, Weihong Wu, Chenghang Zheng and Xiang Gao

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 6629
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00095

High-performance Ni-Co-Mn electrocatalyst recovered from spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials for robust oxygen evolution in acid solution

Liang-xing Jiang, Yao-jian Fan, Fang-yang Liu, Zong-liang Zhang and Jun Wang

J. Cent. South Univ., 2024, 31, 4472
DOI: 10.1007/s11771-024-5836-8

Recycling cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries for advanced catalysts production

Yafei Shen

Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 528, 231220
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231220

A Sustainable Process for Efficient Extraction of Lithium, Aluminum, and Phosphorus from Montebrasite

Dezhi Hu, Baozhong Ma, Yingwei Lv, Qinqing Zhao, Chengyan Wang and Yongqiang Chen

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 3439
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05536

Pyrometallurgical recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

Juheon Lee, Kwang Won Park, Il Sohn and Sanghoon Lee

Int J Miner Metall Mater, 2024, 31, 1554
DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2907-7

Exploring the Potential and Roadblocks of Marketable Energy‐Storage Technologies for Renewable Energy

Mukund Srivastava, Brindha Ramasubramanian, Uday Kumar Ghorui, Goutam Kumar Dalapati, Vimalnath Selvaraj, Avishek Kumar, Sajal Biring, Camila Silva Ribeiro, Siddhartha Ghosh, Satheesh Krishnamurthy and Sabyasachi Chakrabortty

Energy Tech, 2025, 13
DOI: 10.1002/ente.202402405

Mechanochemically-induced deep eutectic solvent formation for selective lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries at room temperature

Longmin Liu, Junlin Luo, Luyao Xu, Jingjing Zhou, Yanrun Mei, Jingping Hu, Huijie Hou, Kaihua Xu and Jiakuan Yang

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2026, 14, 120819
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.120819

Sustainable recovery of high-valued resources from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review of the membrane-integrated hybrid approach

Ramesh Kumar, Sankha Chakrabortty, Prasenjit Chakrabortty, Jayato Nayak, Chengjia Liu, Moonis Ali Khan, Geon-Soo Ha, Kwang Ho Kim, Moon Son, Hyun-Seog Roh, Suraj K. Tripathy and Byong-Hun Jeon

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 470, 144169
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144169

A review and environmental impact analysis on the current state of froth flotation on recycling of e-wastes

Umut Kar, Sheida Nili, Emmanuel Mends, Ehsan Vahidi and Pengbo Chu

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2025, 212, 107967
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107967

Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Cathodes and the Regeneration of Layered Oxides for Li/Na-Ion Batteries

Xin Hu, Chunliu Xu, Xiaowei Li, Peng Zhang, Xiaohui Rong, Chunli Yang, Zelang Jian, Huizhou Liu, Yong-Sheng Hu and Junmei Zhao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 24255
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01526

The calm before the storm? The making of a lithium frontier in transitioning Portugal

Luís Silva and Siddharth Sareen

The Extractive Industries and Society, 2023, 15, 101308
DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2023.101308

Effective and sustainable lithium ion battery recycling strategy for circular economy: Ultrasound assisted direct leaching of black mass containing NMC/LCO/LMO/graphite mixed powders

Halide Nur Dursun, Emircan Uysal, Fırat Burat and Sebahattin Gürmen

Hydrometallurgy, 2026, 240, 106630
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106630

Recovery of Li Through Selective Adsorption on Two Types of Calix[4]arene Derived Adsorbents

Keisuke Ohto, Hirotoshi Sadamatsu, Biplob Kumar Biswas, Shintaro Morisada, Hidetaka Kawakita and Katsutoshi Inoue

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2025, 43, 144
DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2025.2449967

A review of research progress on combined pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for spent lithium-ion batteries

Jiawei Wang, Haifeng Wang, Guangwen Zhang, Xiaoxue Ma, Yanqing Liu, Juan Hao, Weining Xie and Yaqun He

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505, 159403
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.159403

Amorphous Iron Borate Nanosheet as Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst to Accelerate Overall Water Splitting Activity

Krishnan Umapathy, Murugan Muthamildevi, Murugan Vijayarangan, Muthukumaran Sangamithirai and Jayaraman Jayabharathi

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2025, 7, 7265
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.5c01040

Chromatographic separation of Li, Ni, Co and Mn by functionalized fiber towards spent lithium-ion battery recycling

Haihua Wang, Futao Li, Chao Zhu, Chaoxian Chen, Ze Ding and Xiangping Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505, 159417
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.159417

Comparison of waste lithium-ion batteries recycling methods by different decision making techniques

Mahmut Öztürk, Esra Evin, Aysun Özkan and Mufide Banar

Environmental Research and Technology, 2023, 6, 226
DOI: 10.35208/ert.1243162

Assessment of recycling methods and processes for lithium-ion batteries

Chengetai Portia Makwarimba, Minghui Tang, Yaqi Peng, Shengyong Lu, Lingxia Zheng, Zhefei Zhao and Ai-gang Zhen

iScience, 2022, 25, 104321
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104321

Membrane crystallization for recovery of lithium carbonate crystals: Study on process parameters and salts effect for Li2CO3-NaCl-KCl-LiCl solutions

Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi, Aamer Ali and Cejna Anna Quist-Jensen

Desalination, 2024, 571, 117109
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2023.117109

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Driven Separation of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wen-hao Gao, Chun-chen Nie, Qiang Gao, Zheng-qiang Cao, Xiang-nan Zhu and Lin-han Ge

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 15947
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05286

Selective recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries by carbothermal reduction combined with multistage leaching

Guangwen Zhang, Xue Yuan, Chor Yong Tay, Yaqun He, Haifeng Wang and Chenlong Duan

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 314, 123555
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123555

Revisiting Amides as Cosolvents for Flame Resistant Sodium Bis(oxalato)borate in Triethyl Phosphate Electrolyte

Charles Aram Hall, Lars O. Simon Colbin, Alexander Buckel and Reza Younesi

Batteries & Supercaps, 2024, 7
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202300338

Life cycle assessment-guided process innovation for electrochemical lithium extraction: Insights from laboratory-scale experiments

Mubin Song, Chaehyeon Lee, Jooyoung Park and Eunhyea Chung

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2026, 229, 108866
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108866

Simple environmental-friendly method for graphite recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries and its utilization for the synthesis of graphene oxide

Tchummegne Kouam Ida, Karanika Sonowal, Animes Kumar Golder and Bishnupada Mandal

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 374, 133758
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133758

Review on spent lithium-based batteries: Pollution challenge, health risks and approaches for recovery contribute to the circular economy

Van-Giang Le, The Anh Luu, M.Ky Nguyen, Gia-Cuong Nguyen, Ai-Quynh Nguyen, Nguyen Tri Quang Hung, Phuong Hoang Nguyen, Minh-Thuan Pham, S. Woong Chang and D. Duc Nguyen

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2026, 230, 108890
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108890

Sustainable management strategies for spent Li-ion batteries: cascade utilization, recycling, and regeneration

Ning Cao, Yang Zhang, Longfei Du, Xin Gu and Mingbo Wu

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 84, 104823
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104823

Extraction Of LiCl From Low‐Purity Chlorides Through Solid Electrolyte Towards High‐Purity Li2CO3 Production

Chong Lei, Jialiang Lang, Kuangyu Wang, Kai Liu, Yang Jin and Hui Wu

ChemSusChem, 2024, 17
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301406

Machine Learning in Lithium-Ion Battery: Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends

Alireza Valizadeh and Mohammad Hossein Amirhosseini

SN COMPUT. SCI., 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1007/s42979-024-03046-2

Qualitative Assessment of PC88A and HBTA Extractants in Lithium Recovery Processes Using Solvent Extraction

Junhyung Seo, Thang Toan Vu, Seungu Cho, Jieun Cha, Yeongeun Choi and Daesung Song

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2025, 42, 323
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-024-00341-9

Fuel cell and electric vehicles: Resource use and associated environmental impacts

Zhenyang Chen, Rene Kleijn, Chunbo Zhang and Hai Xiang Lin

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2026, 226, 108646
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108646

Toward a Localized Water Footprint of Lithium Brine Extraction: A Case Study from the Salar de Atacama

Andreas Link, Sylvia Marinova, Lindsey Roche, Vlad Coroamă, Lily Hinkers, Denise Borchardt and Matthias Finkbeiner

Water, 2025, 17, 3311
DOI: 10.3390/w17223311

Life-cycle analysis of battery metal recycling with lithium recovery from a spent lithium-ion battery

Eunji Yoo, Uisung Lee, Jarod C. Kelly and Michael Wang

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023, 196, 107040
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107040

Environmental hotspots and greenhouse gas reduction potential for different lithium-ion battery recovery strategies

Fan Wu, Liang Li, Lauren Crandon, Yuanyu Cao, Fei Cheng, Andrea Hicks, Eddy Y. Zeng and Jing You

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 339, 130697
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130697

Fabrication of manganese borate/iron carbide encapsulated in nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon nanowires as the accelerated alkaline full water splitting bi-functional electrocatalysts

Zhuo Liu, Fei Guo, Lei Cheng, Xiangjie Bo, Tingting Liu and Mian Li

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 629, 179
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.068

The second life of coffee can be even more energizing: Circularity of materials for bio-based electrochemical energy storage devices

Paolo Stufano, Alberto Perrotta, Rossella Labarile and Massimo Trotta

MRS Energy & Sustainability, 2022, 9, 443
DOI: 10.1557/s43581-022-00036-w

Optimal Diafiltration Membrane Cascades Enable Green Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Noah P. Wamble, Elvis A. Eugene, William A. Phillip and Alexander W. Dowling

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2022, 10, 12207
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02862

Garbage in, metal out: A perspective on recycling battery metals using organic molecules

Pouria Akbari, Abbey E. Strohmeyer, Douglas T. Genna and Jeremy I. Feldblyum

MRS Bulletin, 2024, 49, 708
DOI: 10.1557/s43577-024-00745-2

Beyond the Conventional Leaching: Exploring Pyruvic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Sustainable Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material

Baiju Chenthamara and Ramesh L. Gardas

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 12827
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c03372

Critical metals (Lithium and Zinc) recovery from battery waste, ores, brine, and steel dust: A review

Md. Anik Hasan, Rumana Hossain and Veena Sahajwalla

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 178, 976
DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.08.069

Simple and efficient selective extraction of lithium from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries via oxidation/de-lithiation using NaClO

Yanhui Kong, Yutaro Takaya, Mauricio Córdova-Udaeta and Chiharu Tokoro

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 322, 124280
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124280

Receptors for the recognition and extraction of lithium

Jianfeng Zhang, Marco Wenzel, Liangrong Yang, Robert C. Luckay and Jan J. Weigand

Front. Chem. Eng., 2023, 5
DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1271045

Revitalizing lead-acid battery technology: a comprehensive review on material and operation-based interventions with a novel sound-assisted charging method

Drandreb Earl O. Juanico

Front. Batter. Electrochem., 2024, 2
DOI: 10.3389/fbael.2023.1268412

Characterisation of the Grain Morphology of Artificial Minerals (EnAMs) in Lithium Slags by Correlating Multi-Dimensional 2D and 3D Methods

Cindytami Rachmawati, Joao Weiss, Hugo Ignacio Lucas, Erik Löwer, Thomas Leißner, Doreen Ebert, Robert Möckel, Bernd Friedrich and Urs Alexander Peuker

Minerals, 2024, 14, 130
DOI: 10.3390/min14020130

In Vitro Coexposure of Silymarin with Lithium Chloride Preserves Human Sperm Quality: A Useful Approach to Reduce Oxidative Damages

Zahra Nasimi, Hamid Reza Momeni, Tahereh Etemadi, Niloufar Darbandi and Muhammad Babar Khawar

Andrologia, 2023, 2023
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8838280

Solvent extraction of lithium from Sidoarjo mud using D2EHPA

S.R. Juliastuti, R. Darmawan, E. Ningsih, O. Rachmaniah, W. Meka and Fahmi

South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024, 49, 146
DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.04.011

Pursuing decarbonization along with national security: Assessing public support for the Thacker Pass lithium mine

Azusa Uji, Jaehyun Song, Nives Dolšak, Aseem Prakash and Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury

PLoS ONE, 2023, 18, e0280720
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280720

Mechanistic Study of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Recycling Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Salma H. Alhashim, Sohini Bhattacharyya, Raphael Tromer, Ahmad Kabbani, Ganguli Babu, Eliezer Fernando Oliveira, Douglas S. Galvao and Pulickel M. Ajayan

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 6914
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06571

Dissolution of metals in NCM622 cathode through the Dissimilatory process with Na-lactate by Shewanella putrefaciens

Sang-Hee Park and Haesung Jung

J Korean Soc Environ Eng, 2024, 46, 551
DOI: 10.4491/KSEE.2024.46.10.551

Chlorination behavior of LiCoO2

Min Ku Jeon and Sung-Wook Kim

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2022, 39, 2109
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1117-0

Recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using agricultural waste, applications and circularity framework

Syed Suffia Iqbal, Nada Ramadan, Pranav Prashant Dagwar, Deblina Dutta and Dina Magdy Abdo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 376, 133860
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133860

Recovery of Lithium from Waste Box Sagger Through Sulfation and Wet Conversion Methods

Junho Shin, Jae-Min Jeong, Jin Bae Lee, Nam Su Heo, Hanjung Kwon, Young Ho Kim and Taegong Ryu

SSRN Journal, 2022
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4145328

Towards a Circular Economy: Comprehensive Insights Into Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Recycling and Utilization

Bin Guan, Junyan Chen, Xindi Shi, Lei Zhu, Tiankui Zhu, Zhongqi Zhuang, Xuehan Hu, Chenyu Zhu, Sikai Zhao, Junjie Gao, Kaiyou Shu, Hongtao Dang, Luyang Zhang, Yuan Li, Luoxin Xu, Wenbo Zeng, Shuai Chen, Linhui Wang, Can Zhu, Jiaming He, Qinghan Xian and Zhen Huang

ChemistrySelect, 2026, 11
DOI: 10.1002/slct.202504501

Selective Separation of Lithium from Leachate of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Zirconium Phosphate/Polyacrylonitrile Composite: Leaching and Sorption Behavior

Baffa Haruna, Zhongyan Luo, Mujtaba Aminu Muhammad, Jinfeng Tang, Jukka Kuva, Risto Koivula, Hongli Bao and Junhua Xu

Batteries, 2024, 10, 254
DOI: 10.3390/batteries10070254

Sustainable Combination of Waste with Waste: Utilization of Biomass to Recover Critical Metals from Spent Lithium ion Batteries

Hiren Jungi, Asma A. Virani, Sumana Podder, Harpal Girase and Joyee Mitra

Batteries & Supercaps, 2025, 8
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400518

Sustainable lithium extraction from liquid ores using membrane-based technologies: a review

Ramesh Kumar, Kung-Won Choi, Moonis Ali Khan, Goutam Biswas, SoonHo Cho, Sankha Chakrabortty, Suraj K. Tripathy, Kyoung-Yeol Kim and Byong-Hun Jeon

Environ Chem Lett, 2025, 23, 1569
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-025-01871-2

Reductive Dissolution of NCM Cathode through Anaerobic Respiration by Shewanella putrefaciens

Seongryeong Kim, Kyoung Lee, Kihyun Kim, Seung Soo S. Lee, John D. Fortner, Hyosang An, Yeonguk Son, Hoyoung Hwang, Yosep Han, Yoon Myung and Haesung Jung

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2024, 58, 18345
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05486

Enhancing Lithium Recycling Efficiency in Pyrometallurgical Processing through Thermodynamic-Based Optimization and Design of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Slag Compositions

Haojie Li, Hao Qiu, Marko Ranneberg, Hugo Lucas, Torsten Graupner, Bernd Friedrich, Bengi Yagmurlu, Daniel Goldmann, Jens Bremer and Michael Fischlschweiger

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage., 2024, 1, 1170
DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00064

Precious metal recycling in lithium‐ion batteries: Research progress from pretreatment to multipathway recovery strategies

Kangjun Cao, Shengkai Li, Jinliang Lin, Lijing Han, Donghui Liu, Yao Liu, Qi Wang, Bin Feng, Kuifang Zhang and Longfei Zeng

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc, 2026, 47, 262
DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.70116

A comprehensive study on reutilizing recovered Li2CO3 in the direct recycling of lithium-ion batteries

Aso Soleimani, Gholamreza Karimi and Mohammad Hossein Paydar

Next Energy, 2025, 8, 100318
DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100318

Critical minerals extraction from geothermal brines

H.C.S. Subasinghe, Hanrui Zhang, Feifei Shi, Mohammad Rezaee and Arash Dahi Taleghani

Joule, 2025, 9, 102171
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102171

Synthesis, characterization and Li adsorption study of a new thermoresponsive crown-ether bearing copolymer

Ariella F. Liberati, Amine Geneste, Benedicte Prelot, Jean-Pierre Mericq, Catherine Faur and Sophie Monge

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 354, 129123
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129123

Efficient recovery of Al foil and regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries with methanol-citric acid

Yurong Han, Menglong Yan, Yinzhuang Fang, Yuchuan Xiong, Yueyue Wang, Yi Chen, Liangyou Lin, Jingwen Qian, Tao Mei and Xianbao Wang

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 603, 234417
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234417

Progress in direct recycling of spent lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes

Juntian Fan, Huimin Luo, Tao Wang and Sheng Dai

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 73, 103813
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103813

The Comparison of Lithium Carbonate Recovered from Single Type and Unknown Mixed Type of Lithium-Ion Batteries through a Simple Way Carbonated Water Leaching

Arif Jumari, Karunia Suci Puspitasari, Nissaya Fajaritania Mulya Wulandari, Filzah Wahyu Putri Andarini, Daniel Norman Edwin, Endah Retno Dyartanti and U.S.F. Arrozi

E3S Web Conf., 2024, 481, 01004
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202448101004

Termal Olarak Aktive Edilmiş Karbonat İçerikli Kil Tipi Bor Üretim Atığından Su Liçiyle Lityum Kazanımı

Merve Aladağ and Mehmet Erdem

Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2024, 14, 1141
DOI: 10.31466/kfbd.1427540

Lithium-Ion Battery Components and Its Recycling Methods – A Review

Santosh Kumar Nathsharma

IJISEM, 2025, 322
DOI: 10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i3322-335

Novel Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic System with Amino Acids for Critical Metal Recovery from Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chunqing Cai, Takafumi Hanada, Adroit T. N. Fajar and Masahiro Goto

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2022, 61, 5306
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00295

Research Progress of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries in AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl and Other Electrolyte Systems

Boya Zhang, Wenyang Zhang, Huixin Jin and Jiaqi Wan

ChemistrySelect, 2023, 8
DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204575

THE RECOVERY OF COBALT FROM THE CATHODE-RAY PASTE OF USED Li-ION BATTERIES IN THE FORM OF COBALT BLUE

Ioan Alexandru RUS, Corneliu BIRTOK BANEASA, Eugen Viorel NICOLAE, Ana SOCALICI and Adina BUDIUL-BERGHIAN

EJMSE, 2023, 8, 2013
DOI: 10.36868/ejmse.2023.08.04.213

Green recycling assessment on typical spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs): A multi-objective assessment

Zhijun Ren, Huajie Li, Yuting Wang, Guangming Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Longyi Lv, Zhi Sun and Wenfang Gao

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 206, 107648
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107648

Highly Efficient Recovery and Recycling of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an N-Methylurea–Acetamide Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Subramanian Suriyanarayanan, Mohana Priya Babu, Raja Murugan, Divyamahalakshmi Muthuraj, Kothandaraman Ramanujam and Ian A. Nicholls

ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 6959
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07780

Novel targeted extraction of lithium: An environment-friendly controlled sulfidation roasting technology and mechanism for recovering spent lithium-ion batteries

Wencan Quan, Kang Yan, Zhongtang Zhang, Huaping Nie, Ruixiang Wang and Zhifeng Xu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 345, 127415
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127415

Engineering a Glass-Ceramic Solid Electrolyte Membrane for Reliable and Scalable Electrochemical Lithium Recycling Systems

Hyungjun Lee, Jongwoo Kim, Seungwoo Lee, Minsung Kim, Shun Myung Shin, Yong-Yeon Joo, Dong Ju Shin, Dongseok Lee, Bogeum Choi, Youngsik Kim, Ungyu Paik and Taeseup Song

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2025, 8, 16256
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.5c02771

Synergetic carbothermic reduction and selective hydrochlorination of spent Li-ion batteries black mass towards enhanced metal recovery

Brian Makuza, Dawei Yu, Zhu Huang, Xueyi Guo, Qinghua Tian, Kun Zhang, Baichao Zhang and Pengfei Liu

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 386, 135831
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135831

Advancing lithium-ion battery manufacturing: novel technologies and emerging trends

Akbar Ghasemi Yeklangi, Adel Ghafari, Faeze Asgari Sima and Somayeh Akbari

J Appl Electrochem, 2024, 54, 2653
DOI: 10.1007/s10800-024-02142-8

Deep eutectic solvent assisted electrodialysis towards selective resource recovery from model spent batteries effluents

Anna Siekierka, Damien L. Callahan, Wojciech Kujawski and Ludovic F. Dumée

Desalination, 2024, 580, 117559
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117559

A New Approach to Lithium Resource Acquisition by Recovering Lithium from Sludge Generated during the Production of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries

Xi Yu, Yunhui Han, Yao Huang, Xiangfei Zeng, Xingying Fan, Xingyu Luo, Huan Li, Ling Hu, Jinchuan Qin, Qingyuan Dong, Jiancheng Shu, Rong Wang and Mengjun Chen

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2025, 64, 1383
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03332

Selective lithium recovery from pyrolyzed black mass through optimized caustic leaching

Bhaskar Joshi, Erik Prasetyo and Sulalit Bandyopadhyay

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 113787
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113787

Solar-powered self-descaling seesaw extractor for lithium production from seawater

Yi-Zhou Chen, Hao-Nan Li, Jia-Hui Xin, Ling-Shu Wan, Hao-Cheng Yang, Seth B. Darling and Zhi-Kang Xu

Device, 2026, 4, 101028
DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2025.101028

Experimental leaching of lithium ores in simulated environmental conditions

Jonas Toupal, Chen Zhu, Federica Zaccarini, Ruggero Vigliaturo, Giulia P. Servetto and Reto Gieré

Geochemistry, 2024, 84, 126132
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126132

The European Battery Regulation and Digital Battery Passport: Prospects and Challenges

Francesca Soavi, Alessandro Gregucci, Alessandro Liverani, Shoayb Mojtahedi, Elisabetta Petri, Federico Mascetti, Francesco Capodarca and Elyes Bel Hadj Jrad

Batteries, 2026, 12, 97
DOI: 10.3390/batteries12030097

Spinel LiMn₂O₄ Nanorods via Template–Engaged Method and as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Lin Li, Qing Liu, Jin Song Cheng and Rong Fei Zhao

KEM, 2022, 905, 122
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.905.122

Regulation of high value-added carbon nanomaterials by DC arc plasma using graphite anodes from spent lithium-ion batteries

Zhipeng Xie, Da Zhang, Bin Yang, Tao Qu and Feng Liang

Waste Management, 2024, 174, 88
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.030

Reduction – Reoxidation synergistically promote the high – efficiency selective separation process of manganese and lithium in spent LiMn₂O₄

Jiahui Li, Weihong Lu, Junbin Sun and Miao Huang

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 118043
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.118043

Recovery of valuable metals from leached solutions of black mass through precipitation method

Natcha Wongnaree, Tanongsak Yingnakorn, Natthicha Ma-Ud, Loeslakkhana Sriklang and Sakhob Khumkoa

Results in Engineering, 2025, 25, 104190
DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104190

Spent Lithium Battery Recycling: Traditional and Innovative Approaches

Carmen Lo Sardo, Giuseppina Cacciatore, Gregorio Cappuccino, Donatella Aiello and Anna Napoli

Processes, 2025, 13, 950
DOI: 10.3390/pr13040950

Driving sustainable circular economy in electronics: A comprehensive review on environmental life cycle assessment of e-waste recycling

Yifeng He, Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad, Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Wanxi Peng, Su Shiung Lam, Meisam Tabatabaei and Mortaza Aghbashlo

Environmental Pollution, 2024, 342, 123081
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123081

Advances in lithium-ion battery recycling: Strategies, pathways, and technologies

Ziwei Tong, Mingyue Wang, Zhongchao Bai, Huijun Li and Nana Wang

ChemPhysMater, 2025, 4, 30
DOI: 10.1016/j.chphma.2024.05.005

Nickel electroplating for spent NCM cathodes: a multipurpose catalyst in direct recycling

Raeyoon Kim, Yong-Tae Kim, Jinhee Lee and Jinsub Choi

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 516, 164065
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.164065

Recycled graphite enabled superior performance for lithium ion batteries

Zeyi Yao, Xiaotu Ma, Rui Wang, Jiahui Hou, Jinzhao Fu, Zifei Meng, Panya Thanwisai, Zhenzhen Yang and Yan Wang

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 625, 235738
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235738

Efficient extraction and separation of valuable elements from spent lithium-ion batteries by leaching and solvent extraction: A review

Jinping Shuai, Weizao Liu, Sohrab Rohani, Zhenghao Wang, Minyu He, Chunlian Ding and Xuewei Lv

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 503, 158114
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158114

Formation of Lithium-Manganates in a Complex Slag System Consisting of Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-MnO—A First Survey

Alena Schnickmann, Sven Hampel, Thomas Schirmer and Ursula E. A. Fittschen

Metals, 2023, 13, 2006
DOI: 10.3390/met13122006

A Study on Optimization of Nitric Acid Leaching and Roasting Process for Selective Lithium Leaching of Spent Batreries Cell Powder

Yeon Jae Jung, Sung Cheol Park, Yong Hwan Kim, Bong Young Yoo, Man Seung Lee and Seong Ho Son

Resour. Recycl., 2021, 30, 43
DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2021.30.6.43

A green alternative to lithium recovery from end life batteries: Understanding the mechanism of oxalic acid-based early lithium recovery from spent NMC batteries

Luka Nils Mettke and Bengi Yagmurlu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 532, 174181
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.174181

Tailoring Lithium-Ion Storage in Li4WO5 through Molybdenum Substitution at Tungsten Sites (x = 0.1, 0.2): Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of a Novel Anode Material

M. Sarathbavan, C. Kathiresan, Lokeswaran Ravi, K. Kamala Bharathi and Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2026, 130, 4337
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c07952

Emerging Processes for Sustainable Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Recycling

Sohini Bhattacharyya, Soumyabrata Roy and Robert Vajtai

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400557

A Four-Party Evolutionary Game Analysis of Retired Power Battery Recycling Strategies Under the Low Carbon Goals

Lijun Yang, Shuangxi Zhong and Zhenggang Ding

WEVJ, 2025, 16, 187
DOI: 10.3390/wevj16030187

{Zr substituted (Fe3C/γ-Fe2O3)}@C/NF as a high-performance electrocatalyst for sustainable water splitting and H2 production

Chinmaya Mohapatra, Shah Ayushi, Rajasree Sarma, Ankur Sharma, Sher Singh Meena, Pratik M. Pataniya, C.K. Sumesh and N.K. Prasad

Ceramics International, 2025, 51, 52649
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.022

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through an ecofriendly catalytic approach

Hee Sun Park, Hee Jung Yang, Suhyun Kim, Seung‐Tae Hong and Nam Hwi Hur

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 594, 234024
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.234024

User-directed Assembly Code Transformations Enabling Efficient Batteryless Arduino Applications

Christopher Kraemer, William Gelder and Josiah Hester

Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol., 2024, 8, 1
DOI: 10.1145/3659590

The influence of Li2O on the structural and thermal properties of Al2O3–CaO–K2O–Na2O–SiO2 glass

Aleksandra Nowicka, Branislav Hruška, Jaroslava Gombárová, Hana Kaňková, Lenka Buňová, Beata Pecušová, Katarína Faturíková, Mariana Švančárková, Anna Prnová, Dušan Galusek and Dagmar Galusková

J Therm Anal Calorim, 2026
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-026-15440-4

Sustainable recovery and resynthesis of electroactive materials from spent Li-ion batteries to ensure material sustainability

Montajar Sarkar, Rumana Hossain and Veena Sahajwalla

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 200, 107292
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107292

Sustainable Development Goals and End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Battery: Literature Review

Muhammad Nadeem Akram and Walid Abdul-Kader

Batteries, 2023, 9, 353
DOI: 10.3390/batteries9070353

Reuse of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective: The Second-Life Case Study

Giuliana Vinci, Vittorio Carobene Arangia, Roberto Ruggieri, Marco Savastano and Marco Ruggeri

Energies, 2024, 17, 2544
DOI: 10.3390/en17112544

Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage

James J. A. Blair, Noel Vineyard, Dustin Mulvaney, Alida Cantor, Ali Sharbat, Kate Berry, Elizabeth Bartholomew and Ariana Firebaugh Ornelas

WIREs Water, 2024, 11
DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1748

Comparing the circularity and life cycle environmental performance of batteries for electric vehicles

Aitor Picatoste, Magnus Schulz-Mönninghoff, Monia Niero, Daniel Justel and Joan Manuel F. Mendoza

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 210, 107833
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107833

Structural and functional responses of soil fungal and bacterial communities to a lithium contamination gradient

Nicolas Fierling, Patrick Billard, Flavio Fornasier, Pascale Bauda and Damien Blaudez

Science of The Total Environment, 2025, 964, 178565
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178565

Selective lithium extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries using siderophores produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficacy, kinetics, and artificial neural network modeling

Anusha Vishwakarma and Subrata Hait

Process Biochemistry, 2024, 146, 115
DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.07.026

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion battery: Technologies, sustainability, and challenges in India

Neeraj Kumar, Ashutosh Mishra and Deepak Kumar

Minerals Engineering, 2025, 227, 109312
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109312

Renewable energy waste recycling

O.V. Zhdaneev and T.V. Aleshkevich

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 93, 499
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.401

Sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries via spontaneous chemical delithiation

Haeun Kim, Giyeon Han, Seung Yeon Hong, Jiyoung Park, Jongyoung Lee, Jongwoo Kim, Heewon Son, Youngchang Yu, Wonjoo Lee and Youngsik Kim

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 529, 172129
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.172129

Urgent needs for second life using and recycling design of wasted electric vehicles (EVs) lithium-ion battery: a scientometric analysis

Aqib Zahoor, Róbert Kun, Guozhu Mao, Ferenc Farkas, András Sápi and Zoltán Kónya

Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2024, 31, 43152
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33979-3

Lithium Mining in the Salar de Atacama—Accounting Practices for Water Footprinting

Andreas Link, Sylvia Marinova, Lindsey Roche, Vlad Coroamă, Lily Hinkers, Denise Borchardt and Matthias Finkbeiner

Water, 2025, 17, 1670
DOI: 10.3390/w17111670

Predictive precision in battery recycling: unveiling lithium battery recycling potential through machine learning

Alireza Valizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Amirhosseini and Yousef Ghorbani

Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2024, 183, 108623
DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108623

Recycling of EoL Batteries with Ultrasonic Assisted Nitric-Ascorbic Acid Leaching: Experimental Design and Process Optimization

Emircan Uysal, Halide Nur Dursun, Faruk Kaya, Fırat Burat and Sebahattin Gürmen

Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2025, 42, 2651
DOI: 10.1007/s42461-025-01279-0

Lactic acid-ethylene glycol system driven materials stripping for efficient and eco-friendly recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathode materials

Tiansheng Wang, Wen Yu, Guanjun Chen, Chaochao Gao, Jichuan Zhang, Yixin Lin, Mi Wang, Jie Xu, Chao Yang and Jiaheng Zhang

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026, 250, 98
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.05.048

Sustainable lithium-ion battery recycling: A review on technologies, regulatory approaches and future trends

S. Srinivasan, S. Shanthakumar and B. Ashok

Energy Reports, 2025, 13, 789
DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.043

Sustainable and efficient recycling strategies for spent lithium iron phosphate batteries: Current status and prospect

Xiao-tian Zhao, Xi-guang Li, Qiang Gao, Xin-long Li, Guang-liang Wei, Shuai Yan, Xiang-nan Zhu and Yang-guang Ren

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 359, 130885
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130885

A direct electrochemical Li recovery from spent Li-ion battery cathode for high-purity lithium hydroxide feedstock

Yuge Feng, Yoon Park, Shaoyun Hao, Chang Qiu, Shoukun Zhang, Zhou Yu, Zhiwei Fang, Tanguy Terlier, Chase Sellers, Khalid Mateen, Frank Despinois, Moussa Kane, Sibani Lisa Biswal and Haotian Wang

Joule, 2025, 9, 102197
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102197

A review on recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Zsolt Dobó, Truong Dinh and Tibor Kulcsár

Energy Reports, 2023, 9, 6362
DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.264

Research progress on recycling and high-valuepent LiFePO4 cathode materials

Jiajun Chen, Chang Miao, Yu Duan, Chengjin Liu, Zhiyan Wang, Wenming Peng, Jiaxiang Wan, Jinqi Jiao, Tianyu Wen and Wei Xiao

Future Batteries, 2026, 10, 100172
DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2026.100172