Haisong Lin, Yichao Zhao, Shuyu Lin, Bo Wang, Christopher Yeung, Xuanbing Cheng, Zhaoqing Wang, Tianyou Cai, Wenzhuo Yu, Kimber King, Jiawei Tan, Kamyar Salahi, Hannaneh Hojaiji and Sam Emaminejad

Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 2844
DOI: 10.1039/C9LC00418A

3D-printed epidermal sweat microfluidic systems with integrated microcuvettes for precise spectroscopic and fluorometric biochemical assays

Da Som Yang, Yixin Wu, Evangelos E. Kanatzidis, Raudel Avila, Mingyu Zhou, Yun Bai, Shulin Chen, Yurina Sekine, Joohee Kim, Yujun Deng, Hexia Guo, Yi Zhang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Yonggang Huang and John A. Rogers

Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 4992
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH00876B

Cap-Sweat: a capillary microfluidic platform for digitized sweat sampling and time-resolved biomarker analysis

Pezhman Jalali and Amir Sanati Nezhad

Lab Chip, 2026
DOI: 10.1039/D5LC01172H

Autonomous wearable sensing enabled by capillary microfluidics: a review

Kiran Kuruvinashetti, Amin Komeili and Amir Sanati Nezhad

Lab Chip, 2025, 25, 3879
DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00536A

Development of colorimetric PEG-based hydrogel sensors for urea detection

Spyridon Efstathiou, Alan M. Wemyss, Despina Coursari, Rachel A. Hand, Emmett Cullen Tinley, Jane Ford, Stephanie E. Edwards, Susan Bates, Richard L. Evans, Ezat Khoshdel and David M. Haddleton

Soft Matter, 2025, 21, 2268
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01500B

Anti-interference monitoring of sweat pH: a new sensing mechanism based on the p–n transition potential of a flexible Bi2O3photoelectrode

Boheng Dong, Xinya Zhang, Lingfeng Cao, Xiang Jiang and Fuxian Wang

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 2074
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC04620B

A wearable paper-integrated microfluidic device for sequential analysis of sweat based on capillary action

Taher Abbasiasl, Fariborz Mirlou, Emin Istif, Hatice Ceylan Koydemir and Levent Beker

Sens. Diagn., 2022, 1, 775
DOI: 10.1039/D2SD00032F

Skin-interfaced microfluidic devices with one-opening chambers and hydrophobic valves for sweat collection and analysis

Yingxue Zhang, Yao Chen, Jielong Huang, Yangchengyi Liu, Jinfeng Peng, Shangda Chen, Kui Song, Xiaoping Ouyang, Huanyu Cheng and Xiufeng Wang

Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 2635
DOI: 10.1039/D0LC00400F

Recent developments and future perspectives of microfluidics and smart technologies in wearable devices

Sasikala Apoorva, Nam-Trung Nguyen and Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith

Lab Chip, 2024, 24, 1833
DOI: 10.1039/D4LC00089G

A thread/fabric-based band as a flexible and wearable microfluidic device for sweat sensing and monitoring

Zhiqi Zhao, Qiujin Li, Linna Chen, Yu Zhao, Jixian Gong, Zheng Li and Jianfei Zhang

Lab Chip, 2021, 21, 916
DOI: 10.1039/D0LC01075H

Skin-interfaced microfluidic biosensors for colorimetric measurements of the concentrations of ketones in sweat

Yunyun Wu, Xinming Li, Kenneth E. Madsen, Haohui Zhang, Soongwon Cho, Ruihao Song, Ravi F. Nuxoll, Yirui Xiong, Jiaqi Liu, Jingyuan Feng, Tianyu Yang, Kaiqing Zhang, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Donald E. Wright, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Yonggang Huang, Ralph G. Nuzzo and John A. Rogers

Lab Chip, 2024, 24, 4288
DOI: 10.1039/D4LC00588K

A wearable electrofluidic actuation system

Haisong Lin, Hannaneh Hojaiji, Shuyu Lin, Christopher Yeung, Yichao Zhao, Bo Wang, Meghana Malige, Yibo Wang, Kimber King, Wenzhuo Yu, Jiawei Tan, Zhaoqing Wang, Xuanbing Cheng and Sam Emaminejad

Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 2966
DOI: 10.1039/C9LC00454H

Epidermal wearable optical sensors for sweat monitoring

Jing Wang, Yong Luo, Zhongzeng Zhou, Jingyu Xiao, Tailin Xu and Xueji Zhang

Commun Mater, 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00518-z

Study on the development of carbon nanotube enhanced biosensor for gender determination of fish

Haiyun Wu, Yusuke Saito, Goro Yoshizaki, Yasutoshi Yoshiura, Hitoshi Ohnuki and Hideaki Endo

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 2022, 35, 100474
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100474

Access and Management of Sweat for Non‐Invasive Biomarker Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review

Tamoghna Saha, Rafael Del Caño, Ernesto De la Paz, Samar S. Sandhu and Joseph Wang

Small, 2023, 19
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206064

A Weavable and Scalable Cotton‐Yarn‐Based Battery Activated by Human Sweat for Textile Electronics

Gang Xiao, Jun Ju, Hao Lu, Xuemei Shi, Xin Wang, Wei Wang, Qingyou Xia, Guangdong Zhou, Wei Sun, Chang Ming Li, Yan Qiao and Zhisong Lu

Advanced Science, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103822

A novel LC-MS/MS assay for low concentrations of creatinine in sweat and saliva to validate biosensors for continuous monitoring of renal function

Sophie Adelaars, Chyara S.M. Lapré, Patricia Raaijmakers, Constantijn J.A.M. Konings, Massimo Mischi, R. Arthur Bouwman and Daan van de Kerkhof

Journal of Chromatography B, 2025, 1252, 124444
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124444

Monitoring Skin Volatile Emissions Using Wearable Sensors

R. Angioi, N. Thamatam, M. Agah and A. Morrin

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 2025, 18, 285
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071024-020707

Optical technologies for multiparametric heart failure management beyond the hospital

Miguel Vidal, Ana Sofia Assunção, José Mesquita-Bastos, Sónia O. Pereira, Loes I. Segerink, Aoife Morrin and Cátia Leitão

Talanta, 2026, 297, 128640
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128640

Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence

Emmanuel Delamarche, Yuksel Temiz, Robert D. Lovchik, Michael G. Christiansen and Simone Schuerle

Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 133, 17928
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101316

Skin-contact wearable electrochemical biosensing tools: A perspective for the wellbeing of neurological patients

Ilaria Antonia Vitale, Neri Fuochi, Daniele Martella, Camilla Parmeggiani, Giovanna Marrazza and Ilaria Palchetti

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 180, 117965
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.117965

Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics

Shun Ye, Shilun Feng, Liang Huang and Shengtai Bian

Biosensors, 2020, 10, 205
DOI: 10.3390/bios10120205

Wearable modular microfluidic sensing system inspired by traditional Chinese mortise-tenon joints for sweat sensing applications

Chen Liu, Yanbing Wang, Qianqian Wang, Wenjie Zhao, Zijian Li, Qingfeng Wang, Kunyang Li, Xu Sun and Sheng Zhang

Microchemical Journal, 2025, 218, 115314
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.115314

A programmable epidermal microfluidic valving system for wearable biofluid management and contextual biomarker analysis

Haisong Lin, Jiawei Tan, Jialun Zhu, Shuyu Lin, Yichao Zhao, Wenzhuo Yu, Hannaneh Hojaiji, Bo Wang, Siyang Yang, Xuanbing Cheng, Zhaoqing Wang, Eric Tang, Christopher Yeung and Sam Emaminejad

Nat Commun, 2020, 11
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18238-6

A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification

Sangeeta Palekar, Sharayu Kalambe, Jayu Kalambe, Madhusudan B. Kulkarni and Manish Bhaiyya

Biosensors, 2025, 15, 192
DOI: 10.3390/bios15030192

Biodegradable, three-dimensional colorimetric fliers for environmental monitoring

Hong-Joon Yoon, Geumbee Lee, Jin-Tae Kim, Jae-Young Yoo, Haiwen Luan, Shyuan Cheng, Soohyeon Kang, Huong Le Thien Huynh, Hyeonsu Kim, Jaehong Park, Joohee Kim, Sung Soo Kwak, Hanjun Ryu, Jihye Kim, Yeon Sik Choi, Hak-Young Ahn, Junhwan Choi, Seyong Oh, Yei Hwan Jung, Minsu Park, Wubin Bai, Yonggang Huang, Leonardo P. Chamorro, Yoonseok Park and John A. Rogers

Sci. Adv., 2022, 8
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3201

Microfluidic devices with simplified signal readout

Yingzhou Tao, Haicong Shen, Kunyue Deng, Huimin Zhang and Chaoyong Yang

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 339, 129730
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129730

Carbonization of self-reduced AuNPs on silk as wearable skin patches for non-invasive sweat urea detection

Nadtinan Promphet, Wisarttra Phamonpon, Wimala Karintrithip, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn, Kanokwan Saengkiettiyut, Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat and Nadnudda Rodthongkum

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 242, 124757
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124757

Electrowetting valves for sweat-based microfluidics

Aditi R. Naik, Brenda Warren, Andrew Burns, Ralf Lenigk, Jeffrey Morse, Azar Alizadeh and James J. Watkins

Microfluid Nanofluid, 2021, 25
DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-02403-w

Dissecting Biological and Synthetic Soft–Hard Interfaces for Tissue-Like Systems

Yin Fang, Xiao Yang, Yiliang Lin, Jiuyun Shi, Aleksander Prominski, Clementene Clayton, Ellie Ostroff and Bozhi Tian

Chem. Rev., 2022, 122, 5233
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00365

Wearable sensors for monitoring chronic kidney disease

Sanggil Han, Shunsuke Yamamoto, Chan-Young Jung, Do Young Jin, Taegyu Lee and Jun-Seob Kim

Commun Mater, 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00606-0

Carbon nanomaterials for sweat-based sensors: a review

Hamide Ehtesabi and Seyed-Omid Kalji

Microchim Acta, 2024, 191
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06162-7

Continuous Glycemic Monitoring Enabled by A Wi‐Fi Energy‐Harvesting Wearable Sweat‐Sensing Patch

Fariborz Mirlou, Taher Abbasiasl, Hadi Mirzajani, Emin Istif, Muhammad Junaid Akhtar, Cengiz Cakır and Levent Beker

Adv Materials Technologies, 2024, 9
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301583

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Zhoulyu Rao, Faheem Ershad, Abdullah Almasri, Lei Gonzalez, Xiaoyang Wu and Cunjiang Yu

Adv Materials Technologies, 2020, 5
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202000233

A Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Patch With Bioinspired Microstructures for Efficient Sweat Collection and Analysis

Yifan Li, Yuhan Liu, Mark Leach, Kai Hoettges, Quan Zhang and Pengfei Song

IEEE Sensors J., 2025, 25, 28046
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3575581

Smart microfluidics-powered home-based diagnostics for one-health: From technologies to applications

Xiaowen Ou, Qize Zhou, Mudong Wu, Zeyu Miao, Yufei Zhang, Zuyi Li, Ying Zhang, Yiwei Li, Peng Chen and Bi-Feng Liu

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2026, 196, 118633
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118633

Wearable Sensing Devices for Point of Care Diagnostics

Subrata Mondal, Nehal Zehra, Anwesha Choudhury and Parameswar Krishnan Iyer

ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2021, 4, 47
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00798

Optical-Based Biosensors and Their Portable Healthcare Devices for Detecting and Monitoring Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Anh Tran Tam Pham, Angus Wallace, Xinyi Zhang, Damian Tohl, Hao Fu, Clarence Chuah, Karen J. Reynolds, Carolyn Ramsey and Youhong Tang

Diagnostics, 2021, 11, 1285
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071285

Skin-interfaced wireless biosensors for perinatal and paediatric health

Joohee Kim, Seonggwang Yoo, Claire Liu, Sung Soo Kwak, Jessica R. Walter, Shuai Xu and John A. Rogers

Nat Rev Bioeng, 2023, 1, 631
DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00090-0

Optical sensors for transdermal biomarker detection: A review

Amirhossein Amjad and Xiaojun Xian

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2025, 267, 116844
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116844

Wearable Cortisol Aptasensor for Simple and Rapid Real-Time Monitoring

Jai Eun An, Kyung Ho Kim, Seon Joo Park, Sung Eun Seo, Jinyeong Kim, Siyoung Ha, Joonwon Bae and Oh Seok Kwon

ACS Sens., 2022, 7, 99
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01734

Sweat urea bioassay based on degradation of Prussian Blue as the sensing architecture

Stefano Salatiello, Michele Spinelli, Chiara Cassiano, Angela Amoresano, Federico Marini and Stefano Cinti

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2022, 1210, 339882
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339882

Sweating Out the Circadian Rhythm: A Technical Review

Sayali Upasham, Nathan Kodjo Mintah Churcher, Paul Rice and Shalini Prasad

ACS Sens., 2021, 6, 659
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02622

Advanced Wearable Devices for Monitoring Sweat Biochemical Markers in Athletic Performance: A Comprehensive Review

Graziana Assalve, Paola Lunetti, Alessandra Di Cagno, Ernesto William De Luca, Stefano Aldegheri, Vincenzo Zara and Alessandra Ferramosca

Biosensors, 2024, 14, 574
DOI: 10.3390/bios14120574

Printed Organic Transistor-based Biosensors for Non-invasive Sweat Analysis

Kuniaki Nagamine, Ayako Nomura, Yusuke Ichimura, Ryota Izawa, Shiori Sasaki, Hiroyuki Furusawa, Hiroyuki Matsui and Shizuo Tokito

ANAL. SCI., 2020, 36, 291
DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19R007

Wearable Chemical Sensors: Emerging Systems for On-Body Analytical Chemistry

Juliane R. Sempionatto, Itthipon Jeerapan, Sadagopan Krishnan and Joseph Wang

Anal. Chem., 2020, 92, 378
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04668

An artificial intelligence-assisted microfluidic colorimetric wearable sensor system for monitoring of key tear biomarkers

Zihu Wang, Yan Dong, Xiaoxiao Sui, Xingyan Shao, Kangshuai Li, Hao Zhang, Zhenyuan Xu and Dongzhi Zhang

npj Flex Electron, 2024, 8
DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00321-3

Research progress in wearable optical sweat sensors

Zhiwei Chen, Yanxia Chen, Chen Chen, Xingping Zhong, Lei Qin and Xueji Zhang

Sci. Sin.-Chim, 2024, 54, 2521
DOI: 10.1360/SSC-2024-0014

Highly sensitive on-skin flexible Sb2O3/Sb thin film pH sensor for real-time sweat sensing

Jyoti Jaiswal, Souta Mizushima, Saeka Kanno, Kazuma Sasaki, Kazuya Kabayama, Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima, Yuichiro Tsuyuki and Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya

Materials Research Bulletin, 2024, 175, 112795
DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.112795

Natural Perspiration Sampling and in Situ Electrochemical Analysis with Hydrogel Micropatches for User-Identifiable and Wireless Chemo/Biosensing

Shuyu Lin, Bo Wang, Yichao Zhao, Ryan Shih, Xuanbing Cheng, Wenzhuo Yu, Hannaneh Hojaiji, Haisong Lin, Claire Hoffman, Diana Ly, Jiawei Tan, Yu Chen, Dino Di Carlo, Carlos Milla and Sam Emaminejad

ACS Sens., 2020, 5, 93
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01727

A tough and stretchable colorimetric sensor based on a curcumin-loaded polyurethane electrospun fiber mat for hazardous ammonia gas detection

Bohee Maeng, Sanghoon Kim, Heekyung An and Daewoong Jung

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 394, 134420
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134420

Recent advances in wearable sensor technology for sweat analysis

Jennifer Jacob, Niranjan Deggenahalli Basavaraju, Ananya Sharma, S. Jayakrishnan, Reshma Jose, Jeevan Medikonda, Mathew Peter and Pramod Kesavan Namboothiri

Discov Appl Sci, 2026, 8
DOI: 10.1007/s42452-026-08404-8

Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review

Fupeng Gao, Chunxiu Liu, Lichao Zhang, Tiezhu Liu, Zheng Wang, Zixuan Song, Haoyuan Cai, Zhen Fang, Jiamin Chen, Junbo Wang, Mengdi Han, Jun Wang, Kai Lin, Ruoyong Wang, Mingxiao Li, Qian Mei, Xibo Ma, Shuli Liang, Guangyang Gou and Ning Xue

Microsyst Nanoeng, 2023, 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00443-6

Highly accurate multimodal monitoring of lactate and urea in sweat by soft epidermal optofluidics with single-band Raman scattering

Ata Golparvar, Jaemin Kim, Assim Boukhayma, Danick Briand and Sandro Carrara

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 387, 133814
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.133814

3D-printed low-cost fabrication and facile integration of flexible epidermal microfluidics platform

Lei Wei, Guoqing Fang, Zhongwen Kuang, Lin Cheng, Huaping Wu, Daoyou Guo and Aiping Liu

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 353, 131085
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131085

Soft, environmentally degradable microfluidic devices for measurement of sweat rate and total sweat loss and for colorimetric analysis of sweat biomarkers

Shanliangzi Liu, Da Som Yang, Shaotang Wang, Haiwen Luan, Yurina Sekine, Jeffrey B. Model, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Roozbeh Ghaffari and John A. Rogers

EcoMat, 2023, 5
DOI: 10.1002/eom2.12270

Organic-transistor-based biosensors interfaced with human skin for non-invasive perspiration analysis

Kuniaki Nagamine and Shizuo Tokito

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 349, 130778
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130778

Covalently Attached Slippery Surface Coatings to Reduce Protein Adsorptions on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Planar Surfaces and 3D Microfluidic Channels

Yue Cao, Xingchi Chen, Avi Matarasso, Zizheng Wang, Yang Song, Guangfu Wu, Xincheng Zhang, He Sun, Xueju Wang, Michael R. Bruchas, Yan Li and Yi Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 9987
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20834

Versatile sweat bioanalysis on demand with hydrogel-programmed wearables

Yichen Chen, Biao Ma, Yinxiu Zuo, Gangsheng Chen, Qing Hao, Chao Zhao and Hong Liu

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 235, 115412
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115412

Moving toward smart biomedical sensing

Tina Naghdi, Sina Ardalan, Zeinab Asghari Adib, Amir Reza Sharifi and Hamed Golmohammadi

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 223, 115009
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009

Remote analysis and management of sweat biomarkers using a wearable microfluidic sticker in adult cystic fibrosis patients

Rachel S. Nelson, Margaret G. Grossman, Zasu M. Klug, Mia Calamari, Alvaro Donayre, Thaddeus Cybulski, Jared Schooley, Garett J. Griffith, Daniel M. Corcos, Donald E. Wright, Jessica C. Wallace, Da Som Yang, John A. Wright, John A. Rogers, Stephen P. Lee, Roozbeh Ghaffari, A. J. Aranyosi and Manu Jain

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2025, 122
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2506137122

Development and application of microfluidic sweat detection technology in mental health monitoring

Danni Zhao, Ran Chen, Shuyue Jiang, Weiwei Xie, Kaihuan Zhang, Jianlong Zhao, Shilun Feng and Shengtai Bian

VIEW, 2025, 6
DOI: 10.1002/VIW.20240088

Optical biosensing systems for a biological living body

Tao Yan, Changfa Guo, Chunsheng Wang and Kai Zhu

VIEW, 2023, 4
DOI: 10.1002/VIW.20220059

Body-Interfaced Chemical Sensors for Noninvasive Monitoring and Analysis of Biofluids

Jie Zhao, Hexia Guo, Jinghua Li, Amay J. Bandodkar and John A. Rogers

Trends in Chemistry, 2019, 1, 559
DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.07.001

Graphene and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Application in the Electrochemical Detection of Analytes in Sweat

Anoop Singh, Aamir Ahmed, Asha Sharma and Sandeep Arya

Biosensors, 2022, 12, 910
DOI: 10.3390/bios12100910

Wax screen-printable ink for massive fabrication of negligible-to-nil cost fabric-based microfluidic (bio)sensing devices for colorimetric analysis of sweat

Eleni I. Tzianni, Vasilios A. Sakkas and Mamas I. Prodromidis

Talanta, 2024, 269, 125475
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125475

Specific sweat metabolite profile in ocular Behcet’s disease

Xiaoxiao Cui, Liming Zhang, Guannan Su, Aize Kijlstra and Peizeng Yang

International Immunopharmacology, 2021, 97, 107812
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107812

Bilayer Actuator Film for Urea Biosensing with Dual Responsiveness: Bending Actuation and Photonic Color Change

Amhagiyorgis Mesfin Adane and Soo-Young Park

ACS Sens., 2023, 8, 2290
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00296

Multifunctional laser-induced graphene circuits and laser-printed nanomaterials toward non-invasive human kidney function monitoring

Yangyi Huang, Haosong Zhong, Rongliang Yang, Yexin Pan, Jing Lin, Connie Kong Wai Lee, Siyu Chen, Min Tan, Xupeng Lu, Wing Yan Poon, Qiaoyaxiao Yuan and Mitch Guijun Li

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2024, 259, 116386
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116386

Implantable bioelectronics and wearable sensors for kidney health and disease

Surabhi R. Madhvapathy, Soongwon Cho, Elisa Gessaroli, Eleonora Forte, Yirui Xiong, Lorenzo Gallon and John A. Rogers

Nat Rev Nephrol, 2025, 21, 443
DOI: 10.1038/s41581-025-00961-2

Decline of kidney function is associated with lower sweat weight in patients with chronic kidney disease

Tarik Shoumariyeh, Florian Logar, Oliver Helk, Johannes Hofer, Klaus G. Schmetterer, Brigitte Mersi, Saskia Gruber, Marcus D. Säemann, Christopher C. Kaltenecker and Johannes J. Kovarik

Sci Rep, 2025, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-05855-8

Optical flexible biosensors: From detection principles to biomedical applications

Wanxia Wu, Lan Wang, Ya Yang, Wei Du, Wenhui Ji, Zhijie Fang, Xiyan Hou, Qiong Wu, Chengwu Zhang and Lin Li

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2022, 210, 114328
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114328

Wearable analytical platform for colorimetric detection of sweat lactate using spherical colloidal photonic crystal hydrogel

Xiao Wu, Daobin Jin, Ming Li, Xiliang Luo and Lei Wang

Microchemical Journal, 2024, 200, 110327
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.110327

A highly specific wearable sensor based on o-phenylenediamine molecular imprinting for sweat creatinine detection

Hui Kong, Chengchen Tang, Daiyue Zhang, Kexin Chen, Yinhua Liu and Lianqun Zhou

Talanta, 2026, 306, 129701
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129701

Electrophoretic digital colorimetry integrated with electrochemical sweat sensor

Daeun Sung, Seunghun Han, Sumin Kim, Heeseok Kang, Bon Jekal, Giheon Kim, Jaewon Kim, Minki Hong, Gyounghwan Moon, Sungeun Kim, Yerim Lee, Suk-Won Hwang, Hyoyoung Jeong, Yong-Sang Ryu, Sungbong Kim and Jahyun Koo

Sci. Adv., 2025, 11
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu2142

Self-Testing of Ketone Bodies, along with Glucose, Using Touch-Based Sweat Analysis

Jong-Min Moon, Rafael Del Caño, Chochanon Moonla, Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri, Tamoghna Saha, Letícia Francine Mendes, Lu Yin, An-Yi Chang, Sumeyye Seker and Joseph Wang

ACS Sens., 2022, 7, 3973
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02369

Wearable hydrogel patch with noninvasive, electrochemical glucose sensor for natural sweat detection

Pei-Heng Lin, Sian-Chen Sheu, Chien-Wei Chen, Sheng-Cih Huang and Bor-Ran Li

Talanta, 2022, 241, 123187
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123187

Hand-Held Raman Spectrometer-Based Dual Detection of Creatinine and Cortisol in Human Sweat Using Silver Nanoflakes

Hyun Soo Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Jaehun Lee, Taeha Lee, Jongsu Yun, Gyudo Lee and Yoochan Hong

Anal. Chem., 2021, 93, 14996
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02496

Temporal profiling of cytokines in passively expressed sweat for detection of infection using wearable device

Badrinath Jagannath, Kai‐Chun Lin, Madhavi Pali, Devangsingh Sankhala, Sriram Muthukumar and Shalini Prasad

Bioengineering & Transla Med, 2021, 6
DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10220

Integrating machine learning and biosensors in microfluidic devices: A review

Gianni Antonelli, Joanna Filippi, Michele D’Orazio, Giorgia Curci, Paola Casti, Arianna Mencattini and Eugenio Martinelli

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2024, 263, 116632
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116632

Bacterial cellulose-based re-swellable hydrogel: Facile preparation and its potential application as colorimetric sensor of sweat pH and glucose

Tatiya Siripongpreda, Benjawan Somchob, Nadnudda Rodthongkum and Voravee P. Hoven

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 256, 117506
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117506

Wearable Sweat Management Technologies

Lei Wei, Zhen Li, Zongxian Dai, Lihua Ding, Hongjian Wei, Jun Li, Hui Zhu and Yong Zhu

Adv Materials Technologies, 2024, 9
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301812

The valley of death in translation: Challenges and pathways for wearable microfluidic sweat sensors

Hanhui Yan, Sinan Fu and Zhenzhong Guo

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 525, 170306
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.170306

Sweat gland morphology and physiology in diabetes, neuropathy, and nephropathy: a review

Sudha Singaram, Kalpana Ramakrishnan, Jayashree Selvam, Mallika Senthil and Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024, 130, 437
DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2114499

Wearable technology for one health: Charting the course of dermal biosensing

Georgeta Vulpe, Guoyi Liu, Sam Oakley, Dimitrios Pletsas, Guanghao Yang, Rosa Dutra, Owen Guy, Yufei Liu, Mark Waldron, Joe Neary, Arjun Ajith Mohan and Sanjiv Sharma

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, 2024, 19, 100500
DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2024.100500

Analytical assessment of sodium ISFET based sensors for sweat analysis

Meritxell Rovira, Celine Lafaye, Shu Wang, Cesar Fernandez-Sanchez, Mathieu Saubade, Shih-Chii Liu and Cecilia Jimenez-Jorquera

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 393, 134135
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134135

Time-Resolved Sweat Collection for Off-Body SERS Analysis: Bridging Wearability and Sensitivity

Yisong Yu, Xiaohui Fang, Zhenle Qin, Yang Li and Xinping Zhang

ACS Sens., 2025, 10, 8109
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03029

Advancing Biosensors with Machine Learning

Feiyun Cui, Yun Yue, Yi Zhang, Ziming Zhang and H. Susan Zhou

ACS Sens., 2020, 5, 3346
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01424

A smart wearable microfluidic colorimetric sweat sensing system for concurrent, wireless monitoring of sweat biomarkers and sweat rate

Yixuan Jiang, Botao Gao, Yan Dong, Wenzheng An, Juntai Lv, Zehao Kang, Yongbin Zhang and Dongzhi Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 533, 174786
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.174786

Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19

Huijuan Yuan, Peng Chen, Chao Wan, Yiwei Li and Bi-Feng Liu

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 157, 116814
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116814

Wearable, nanofiber-based microfluidic systems with integrated electrochemical and colorimetric sensing arrays for multiplex sweat analysis

Xuecui Mei, Jiao Yang, Jiang Liu and Yingchun Li

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 454, 140248
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140248

Revolutionizing Precision Medicine: Exploring Wearable Sensors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Personalized Therapy

Yuqiao Liu, Junmin Li, Shenghao Xiao, Yanhui Liu, Mingxia Bai, Lixiu Gong, Jiaqian Zhao and Dajing Chen

Biosensors, 2023, 13, 726
DOI: 10.3390/bios13070726

Non-invasive skin patch with pressure-controlled microfluidic chip and hydrogel substrate for point-of-care sweat analysis

Qiaoyu Feng, Junsheng Wang and Quanzhou Ren

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 527, 171617
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.171617

Hydrogen bond rearrangement of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel achieving high triboelectric generation

Qiandi Li, Shengqian Wang, Zhixia Wang and Wangshu Tong

Nano Energy, 2026, 148, 111697
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111697

Flexible enzymatic biosensor based on graphene sponge for glucose detection in human sweat

Bin Li, Xingmin Wu, Chaosheng Shi, Yongqiang Dai, Jingfei Zhang, Wanyu Liu, Chen Wu, Yangfan Zhang, Xue Huang and Wei Zeng

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2023, 36, 102525
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102525

The determination of skin surface pH via the skin volatile emission using wearable colorimetric sensors

M. Finnegan, E. Duffy and A. Morrin

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 2022, 35, 100473
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100473

The development of wearable technologies and their potential for measuring nutrient intake: Towards precision nutrition

Zhenghan Shi, Xin Li, Yifan Shuai, Yanli Lu and Qingjun Liu

Nutrition Bulletin, 2022, 47, 388
DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12581

Wearable Osmotic-Capillary Patch for Prolonged Sweat Harvesting and Sensing

Tamoghna Saha, Jennifer Fang, Sneha Mukherjee, Michael D. Dickey and Orlin D. Velev

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 8071
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22730

Electrified lab on disc systems: A comprehensive review on electrokinetic applications

Vahid Kordzadeh-Kermani, Masoud Madadelahi, Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh, Lawrence Kulinsky, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa and Marc J. Madou

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2022, 214, 114381
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114381

Skin-interfaced colorimetric microfluidic devices for on-demand sweat analysis

Weiyi Liu, Huanyu Cheng and Xiufeng Wang

npj Flex Electron, 2023, 7
DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00275-y

Renal Biomarker Detection Using Point of Care Miniaturized Devices

Sanjeet Kumar, Satish Kumar Dubey and Sanket Goel

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 2026, 1
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2625396

Cotton thread-based wearable sensor for non-invasive simultaneous diagnosis of diabetes and kidney failure

Nadtinan Promphet, Juan P. Hinestroza, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn, Niphaphun Soatthiyanon, Krisana Siralertmukul, Pranut Potiyaraj and Nadnudda Rodthongkum

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2020, 321, 128549
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128549

A review of wearable biosensors for sweat analysis

Seongbin Jo, Daeun Sung, Sungbong Kim and Jahyun Koo

Biomed. Eng. Lett., 2021, 11, 117
DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00191-y

Clinical Analysis and Detection of Creatinine by Conventional Methods and Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

Kabyashree Hazarika, Jiten Chandra Dutta and Hiranya Ranjan Thakur

IEEE Sensors J., 2024, 24, 16
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3332131

Enhancing On-Skin Analysis: A Microfluidic Device and Smartphone Imaging Module for Real-Time Quantitative Detection of Multianalytes in Sweat

Kheibar Dashtian, Fatemeh Binabaji and Rouholah Zare-Dorabei

Anal. Chem., 2023, 95, 16315
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03516

Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology

Xabier García-Casas, Francisco J. Aparicio, Jorge Budagosky, Ali Ghaffarinejad, Noel Orozco-Corrales, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Juan R. Sánchez-Valencia, Ángel Barranco and Ana Borrás

Nano Energy, 2023, 114, 108686
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108686

Detection of sodium and potassium ions in human sweat using electrochemical system

Runye Liu, Feifan Zheng, Penghui Zhang, Yongdong Fu, Xianbo Qiu, Duli Yu and Lulu Zhang

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2024, 2740, 012058
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2740/1/012058

The Future of Nanotechnology-Driven Electrochemical and Electrical Point-of-Care Devices and Diagnostic Tests

Rabah Boukherroub and Sabine Szunerits

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 17, 173
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-012029

Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics

Ronil J. Rath, Jack O. Herrington, Muhammad Adeel, Firat Güder, Fariba Dehghani and Syamak Farajikhah

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2024, 251, 116100
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116100

Wearable electrochemical sensors for forensic and clinical applications

Patrick Cesar Ferreira, Vanessa Neiva Ataíde, Cyro Lucas Silva Chagas, Lúcio Angnes, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Thiago Regis Longo Cesar Paixão and William Reis de Araujo

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 119, 115622
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115622

Recent progress of skin-integrated electronics for intelligent sensing

Dengfeng Li, Kuanming Yao, Zhan Gao, Yiming Liu and Xinge Yu

gxjzz, 2021, 2, 39
DOI: 10.37188/lam.2021.004

A Skin‐Interfaced, Miniaturized Microfluidic Analysis and Delivery System for Colorimetric Measurements of Nutrients in Sweat and Supply of Vitamins Through the Skin

Joohee Kim, Yixin Wu, Haiwen Luan, Da Som Yang, Donghwi Cho, Sung Soo Kwak, Shanliangzi Liu, Hanjun Ryu, Roozbeh Ghaffari and John A. Rogers

Advanced Science, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103331

Sweat-Based Noninvasive Skin-Patchable Urea Biosensors with Photonic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Films Integrated into PDMS Chips

Saddam Hussain and Soo-young Park

ACS Sens., 2020, 5, 3988
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01757

Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine

Jihong Min, Jiaobing Tu, Changhao Xu, Heather Lukas, Soyoung Shin, Yiran Yang, Samuel A. Solomon, Daniel Mukasa and Wei Gao

Chem. Rev., 2023, 123, 5049
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823

Transdermal theranostics

Aung Than, Ping Zan and Peng Chen

VIEW, 2020, 1
DOI: 10.1002/viw2.21

Skin-Conformal Multifunctional Microfluidic Colorimetric Detection Device for Multiplexed Sweat Analysis

Fang Li, Nuotong Shen, Limin Zhang, Chen Yang, Zijun Ma, Junhao Gao, Bing Li, Fengshan Shen and Weijun Kong

ACS Sens., 2025, 10, 5968
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c01354

Vertical textile microfluidics: advancing on-garment sweat sampling for real-time biosensing

Marina Galliani, Esma Ismailova, Pooya Azizian, Anatolii Makhinia and Joan M. Cabot

npj Flex Electron, 2025, 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00416-5

A yarn/fabric-based microfluidic patch for sweat sensing and monitoring

Wenze Yu, Qiujin Li, Zhiqi Zhao, Jixian Gong, Zheng Li and Jianfei Zhang

The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2024, 115, 2331
DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2023.2288357

An on-skin platform for wireless monitoring of flow rate, cumulative loss and temperature of sweat in real time

Kyeongha Kwon, Jong Uk Kim, Yujun Deng, Siddharth R. Krishnan, Jungil Choi, Hokyung Jang, KunHyuck Lee, Chun-Ju Su, Injae Yoo, Yixin Wu, Lindsay Lipschultz, Jae-Hwan Kim, Ted S. Chung, Derek Wu, Yoonseok Park, Tae-il Kim, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Stephen Lee, Yonggang Huang and John A. Rogers

Nat Electron, 2021, 4, 302
DOI: 10.1038/s41928-021-00556-2

Silicone Wristband Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exposome and Metabolome Profiling

Mohammad Mofidfar, Xiaowei Song, John T. Kelly, Mitchell H. Rubenstein and Richard N. Zare

Israel Journal of Chemistry, 2023, 63
DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200116

Epidermal secretion-purified biosensing patch with hydrogel sebum filtering membrane and unidirectional flow microfluidic channels

Yuqi Wang, Ziyu Zhang, Yuqing Shi, Xiong Yu, Xinyi Zhang, Xiaohao Ma, Junjie Su, Ruochen Ding and Yuanjing Lin

Biomaterials, 2025, 313, 122810
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122810

Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities for wearable biochemical sensors for sweat analysis

Roozbeh Ghaffari, John A. Rogers and Tyler R. Ray

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 332, 129447
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129447

Wearable potentiometric biosensor for analysis of urea in sweat

Gisela Ibáñez-Redín, Giovana Rosso Cagnani, Nathalia O. Gomes, Paulo A. Raymundo-Pereira, Sergio A. S. Machado, Marco Antonio Gutierrez, Jose Eduardo Krieger and Osvaldo N. Oliveira

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 223, 114994
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114994

Non-invasive wearable chemical sensors in real-life applications

Nadtinan Promphet, Sarute Ummartyotin, Wittaya Ngeontae, Pumidech Puthongkham and Nadnudda Rodthongkum

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2021, 1179, 338643
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338643

Wearable Microfluidic Sweat Chip for Detection of Sweat Glucose and pH in Long-Distance Running Exercise

Dong Liu, Zhenyu Liu, Shilun Feng, Zehang Gao, Ran Chen, Gaozhe Cai and Shengtai Bian

Biosensors, 2023, 13, 157
DOI: 10.3390/bios13020157

MicroSweat: A Wearable Microfluidic Patch for Noninvasive and Reliable Sweat Collection Enables Human Stress Monitoring

Shaghayegh Shajari, Razieh Salahandish, Azam Zare, Mohsen Hassani, Shirin Moossavi, Emily Munro, Ruba Rashid, David Rosenegger, Jaideep S. Bains and Amir Sanati Nezhad

Advanced Science, 2023, 10
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204171

Waterproof, flexible field-effect transistors with submicron monocrystalline Si nanomembrane derived encapsulation for continuous pH sensing

Shulin Chen, Yan Dong, Tzu-Li Liu and Jinghua Li

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2022, 195, 113683
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113683

Wearable Sweat Biosensors on Sports Analysis

Shilun Feng and Shengtai Bian

MatLab, 2022, 1
DOI: 10.54227/mlab.20220028

Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century—A Complex and Challenging Task

Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru, Alice Nicoleta Azoicăi, Felicia Trofin, Dana Elena Mîndru, Alina Mariela Murgu, Ana Simona Bocec, Codruța Olimpiada Iliescu Halițchi, Carmen Iulia Ciongradi, Ioan Sȃrbu and Maria Liliana Iliescu

Diagnostics, 2024, 14, 763
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070763

Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

Sheng Li, Zhong Ma, Zhonglin Cao, Lijia Pan and Yi Shi

Small, 2020, 16
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903822

Laser-Cutted Epidermal Microfluidic Patch with Capillary Bursting Valves for Chronological Capture, Storage, and Colorimetric Sensing of Sweat

Yuxin He, Lei Wei, Wenjie Xu, Huaping Wu and Aiping Liu

Biosensors, 2023, 13, 372
DOI: 10.3390/bios13030372

Wearable Biosensors for Body Computing

Yuanjing Lin, Mallika Bariya and Ali Javey

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202008087

Smart Janus fabrics for one-way sweat sampling and skin-friendly colorimetric detection

Pengyu Xi, Xuecheng He, Chuan Fan, Qinglin Zhu, Zehua Li, Yuemeng Yang, Xin Du and Tailin Xu

Talanta, 2023, 259, 124507
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124507

Intelligent Soft Sweat Sensors for the Simultaneous Healthcare Monitoring and Safety Warning

Xingcan Huang, Yiming Liu, Wooyoung Park, Jiyu Li, Jie Ma, Chun Ki Yiu, Qiang Zhang, Jian Li, Pengcheng Wu, Jingkun Zhou, Yuyang Zeng, Xinxin He, Jialin Li, Tsz Hung Wong, Kuanming Yao, Ling Zhao, Yuyu Gao, Rui Shi, Hu Li, Meixi Li, Dengfeng Li, Zhao Zhao, Yuhang Li, Heng Li and Xinge Yu

Adv Healthcare Materials, 2023, 12
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202846

A Hydrophilic Hollow Microneedle Platform for Sampling Interstitial Fluid and On‐Site Biomarker Detection

Taher Abbasiasl, Sevgi Sarıca, Umut Can Yener, Emel Yilgor, Iskender Yilgor, Hatice Ceylan Koydemir, Ece Öztürk and Levent Beker

Adv Materials Technologies, 2025, 10
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202500891

Glove-based sensors for multimodal monitoring of natural sweat

Mallika Bariya, Lu Li, Rahul Ghattamaneni, Christine Heera Ahn, Hnin Yin Yin Nyein, Li-Chia Tai and Ali Javey

Sci. Adv., 2020, 6
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8308

Wearable biosensors for real-time sweat analysis and body motion capture based on stretchable fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators

Tianming Zhao, Yongming Fu, Chuxiao Sun, Xishan Zhao, Chunxiao Jiao, An Du, Qi Wang, Yupeng Mao and Baodan Liu

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2022, 205, 114115
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114115

Wearable Patch Biosensor through Electrothermal Film-Stimulated Sweat Secretion for Continuous Sweat Glucose Analysis at Rest

Yuting Liu, Shuhao Hu, Ning Gan and Zhenzhong Yu

Anal. Chem., 2024, 96, 18510
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04271

Simple, Skin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric Sweat Sensor

Xiaoping Yue, Feiyang Xu, Linrong Zhang, Guozhang Ren, Huixiang Sheng, Jin Wang, Kaili Wang, Liuyingzi Yu, Junjie Wang, Gongqiang Li, Gang Lu and Hai-Dong Yu

ACS Sens., 2022, 7, 2198
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00581

Dual-mode sweat urea sensor based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/CuO nanocomposite: Colorimetric-electrochemical detection optimized by machine learning and genetic algorithms

Thidarut Laochai, Hirotomo Nishihara, Jiaqian Qin, Manunya Okhawilai, Joseph Wang, Nadnudda Rodthongkum and Wiwittawin Sukmas

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2026, 447, 138882
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.138882

Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat

Magnus Falk, Emelie J. Nilsson, Stefan Cirovic, Bogdan Tudosoiu and Sergey Shleev

Sensors, 2021, 21, 7311
DOI: 10.3390/s21217311

The Evolving Role of Proteins in Wearable Sweat Biosensors

Dalia Jane Saldanha, Anqi Cai and Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2023, 9, 2020
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00699

Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs

Bowen Zhong, Kai Jiang, Lili Wang and Guozhen Shen

Advanced Science, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257

Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence

Emmanuel Delamarche, Yuksel Temiz, Robert D. Lovchik, Michael G. Christiansen and Simone Schuerle

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60, 17784
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101316

Improved solution-based SERS detection of creatinine by inducing hydrogen-bonding interaction for effective analyte capture

Supriya Atta and Tuan Vo-Dinh

Talanta, 2024, 278, 126373
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126373

A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices

Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim, Norhayati Sabani, Shazlina Johari, Asrulnizam Abd Manaf, Asnida Abdul Wahab, Zulkarnay Zakaria and Anas Mohd Noor

Sensors, 2022, 22, 7670
DOI: 10.3390/s22197670

The patterned moisture-wicking and quick-drying fabric for surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis

Xin Yan, Fengyan Ge, Haixia Jiang, Xiongwei Zhan and Juan Wang

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 698, 138098
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138098

Electrochemical vs. Optical Biosensors for Point-of-Care Applications: A Critical Review

Seyedeh Rojin Shariati Pour, Donato Calabria, Afsaneh Emamiamin, Elisa Lazzarini, Andrea Pace, Massimo Guardigli, Martina Zangheri and Mara Mirasoli

Chemosensors, 2023, 11, 546
DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100546

Photo‐Adjustable TiO2‐Paper as a Smart Substrate for Paper‐Based Analytical Devices

Zhenzhu He, Sen Li, Yi Zeng, Junning Zhang, Qiwei Li, Bingbing Gao, Xin Du and Zhongze Gu

Adv Materials Inter, 2022, 9
DOI: 10.1002/admi.202101450

Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications

Zach Sheffield, Priyanka Paul, Shraddha Krishnakumar and Dipanjan Pan

Advanced Science, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202411339

γ-Irradiation crosslinking of graphene oxide/cellulose nanofiber/poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel as a urea sensing patch

Nichaphat Passornraprasit, Tatiya Siripongpreda, Sumalee Ninlapruk, Nadnadda Rodthongkum and Pranut Potiyaraj

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 213, 1037
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.053

Next‐Generation Wearable Optical Sensors for Personalized Health and Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics—A Systematic Review

Rituparna Duarah, Helena Torné‐Morató, Guolong Zhang, Youssef Amin, Mahdieh Pabast, Nidhi Sharma, Sailing He, Manash R. Das and Pier Paolo Pompa

Adv Healthcare Materials, 2026, 15
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202504419

Principles of long-term fluids handling in paper-based wearables with capillary–evaporative transport

Timothy Shay, Tamoghna Saha, Michael D. Dickey and Orlin D. Velev

Biomicrofluidics, 2020, 14
DOI: 10.1063/5.0010417

Stretchable External Interconnects Based on a Hybrid Braiding Process

Kai Chen, Tairan Wang, Shuang Li, Juyao Li and Yewang Su

Adv Materials Technologies, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202502631

A fully screen-printed potentiometric chloride ion sensor employing a hydrogel-based touchpad for simple and non-invasive daily electrolyte analysis

Yusuke Ichimura, Takumi Kuritsubo, Kuniaki Nagamine, Ayako Nomura, Isao Shitanda and Shizuo Tokito

Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413, 1883
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03156-3

From population-based to personalized laboratory medicine: continuous monitoring of individual laboratory data with wearable biosensors

Abdurrahman Coskun, Irem Nur Savas, Ozge Can and Giuseppe Lippi

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2025, 62, 198
DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2025.2453152

Electrochemical Sensors for Cortisol: A Review

Aishath N. Naeem, Stefan Guldin and Sara S. Ghoreishizadeh

IEEE Sensors J., 2024, 24, 5746
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3349293

A Soft Wearable Microfluidic Patch with Finger-Actuated Pumps and Valves for On-Demand, Longitudinal, and Multianalyte Sweat Sensing

Navya Mishra, Nate T. Garland, Krystyn A. Hewett, Mohammad Shamsi, Michael D. Dickey and Amay J. Bandodkar

ACS Sens., 2022, 7, 3169
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01669

Insight into mechanisms of creatinine optical sensing using fluorescein-gold complex

Sara Anselmo, Giuseppe De Luca, Vittorio Ferrara, Bruno Pignataro, Giuseppe Sancataldo and Valeria Vetri

Methods Appl. Fluoresc., 2022, 10, 045003
DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8524

State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics

Roozbeh Ghaffari, Da Som Yang, Joohee Kim, Amer Mansour, John A. Wright, Jeffrey B. Model, Donald E. Wright, John A. Rogers and Tyler R. Ray

ACS Sens., 2021, 6, 2787
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133

Thin, soft, skin-integrated electronics for real-time and wireless detection of uric acid in sweat

Yue Hu, Lan Wang, Jian Li, Yawen Yang, Guangyao Zhao, Yiming Liu, Xingcan Huang, Pengcheng Wu, Binbin Zhang, Yanli Jiao, Mengge Wu, Shengxin Jia, Qiang Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Rui Shi, Dengfeng Li, Yingchun Li, Zhengchun Peng and Xinge Yu

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2023, 14, 406
DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2023.2236997

A wearable sensor patch for joule-heating sweating and comfortable biofluid monitoring

Xiangnan Li, Xuecheng He, Xuejun Yang, Guang Tian, Conghui Liu and Tailin Xu

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2024, 419, 136399
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2024.136399

Colorimetric Visual Sensors for Point-of-needs Testing

Sadagopan Krishnan and Zia ul Quasim Syed

Sensors and Actuators Reports, 2022, 4, 100078
DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2022.100078

Pentoxifylline and berberine mitigate diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity in male rats via modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Mohammed Alorabi, Simona Cavalu, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Walaa A. Negm, Amal Youssef, Aya H. El-Kadem, Hebatallah M. Saad and Gaber El-Saber Batiha

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2022, 152, 113225
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113225

Photonic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Fibers Comprising Intertwined Solid-State Cholesteric Liquid Crystal and Polyelectrolyte Networks for Sensor Applications

Amhagiyorgis Mesfin Adane and Soo-Young Park

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 16830
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00920

Flexible microfluidic colorimetric detection chip integrated with ABTS·+ and Co@MnO2 nanozyme catalyzed TMB reaction systems for bio-enzyme free detection of sweat uric acid

Fang Li, Jianming Jiang, Nuotong Shen, Hao Peng, Yi Luo, Nannan Li, Liyang Huang, Yuyang Lu, Lifu Liu, Bing Li and Jianbo He

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2024, 1299, 342453
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342453

Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics

Simon F. Berlanda, Maximilian Breitfeld, Claudius L. Dietsche and Petra S. Dittrich

Anal. Chem., 2021, 93, 311
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366

Paper-based lactate biofuel cell array with high power output

Isao Shitanda, Yukiya Morigayama, Risa Iwashita, Himeka Goto, Tatsuo Aikawa, Tsutomu Mikawa, Yoshinao Hoshi, Masayuki Itagaki, Hiroyuki Matsui, Shizuo Tokito and Seiya Tsujimura

Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 489, 229533
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229533

Wearable, fabric-based microfluidic systems with integrated electrochemical and colorimetric sensing array for multiplex sweat analysis

Sekar Madhu, Md. Sajjad Alam, Sriramprabha Ramasamy and Jungil Choi

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 504, 158979
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158979

Sequential biofluid sampling microfludic multi-sensing patch for more accurate sweat analysis under sedentary condition

Teng Sun, Jianan Hui, Bo Lin, Hebin Sun, Lin Zhou, Jianlong Zhao and Hongju Mao

Applied Materials Today, 2023, 34, 101910
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.101910

Satellite-Based Sensor for Environmental Heat-Stress Sweat Creatinine Monitoring: The Remote Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Epidermal Wearable Sensing for Health Evaluation

Surachate Kalasin, Pantawan Sangnuang and Werasak Surareungchai

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2021, 7, 322
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01459

Scalably Nanomanufactured Atomically Thin Materials‐Based Wearable Health Sensors

Ruifang Zhang, Jing Jiang and Wenzhuo Wu

Small Structures, 2022, 3
DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202100120

Facile and Low-Cost Fabrication of a Thread/Paper-Based Wearable System for Simultaneous Detection of Lactate and pH in Human Sweat

Gang Xiao, Jing He, Yan Qiao, Feng Wang, Qingyou Xia, Xin Wang, Ling Yu, Zhisong Lu and Chang-Ming Li

Adv. Fiber Mater., 2020, 2, 265
DOI: 10.1007/s42765-020-00046-8

Comparison of Colorimetric Analyses to Determine Cortisol in Human Sweat

Ethan Tu, Paul Pearlmutter, Michelle Tiangco, Gia Derose, Lina Begdache and Ahyeon Koh

ACS Omega, 2020, 5, 8211
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00498

Advances in point-of-care testing based on microfluidic chips towards small molecular biomarkers

Wanting Hu, Yan Zhao, Huibo Qi, Hua Sun, Yuanyuan Xie, Yu Wang and Qionglin Liang

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2026, 195, 118596
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118596

Simultaneous detection of urea and lactate in sweat based on a wearable sweat biosensor

Haifan Yang, Yangyang Ji, Kang Shen, Yayun Qian and Chenchen Ye

Biomed. Opt. Express, 2024, 15, 14
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.505004

Flexible Wearable Microfluidic Colorimetric Sensor for Multiplex Bioenzyme-Free Detection of Creatinine, Urea, and Magnesium Ions in Sweat

Fang Li, Limin Zhang, Chen Yang, Nuotong Shen, Junhao Gao, Zijun Ma, Weijun Kong, Lifu Liu, Bing Li and Jianbo He

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 36444
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c05611

Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat

Xichen Yuan, Chen Li, Xu Yin, Yang Yang, Bowen Ji, Yinbo Niu and Li Ren

Biosensors, 2023, 13, 313
DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313

A low-cost paper-based blood urea nitrogen optical biosensor for renal surveillance in fingertip blood

Jie Cheng, Yusheng Fu, Jiuchuan Guo and Jinhong Guo

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 387, 133795
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.133795

Advances in Integration, Wearable Applications, and Artificial Intelligence of Biomedical Microfluidics Systems

Xingfeng Ma, Gang Guo, Xuanye Wu, Qiang Wu, Fangfang Liu, Hua Zhang, Nan Shi and Yimin Guan

Micromachines, 2023, 14, 972
DOI: 10.3390/mi14050972

Advances in Sweat Wearables: Sample Extraction, Real-Time Biosensing, and Flexible Platforms

Laicong Qiao, Mercy Rose Benzigar, J. Anand Subramony, Nigel H. Lovell and Guozhen Liu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 34337
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07614

Recent advances in wearable biosensors for non-invasive monitoring of specific metabolites and electrolytes associated with chronic kidney disease: Performance evaluation and future challenges

Deepak Kukkar, Daohong Zhang, B.H. Jeon and Ki-Hyun Kim

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 150, 116570
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116570

Integrated non-invasive biochemical and biophysical sensing systems for health and performance monitoring: A systems perspective

Murat A. Yokus and Michael A. Daniele

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2021, 184, 113249
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113249

Evolution of materials, geometries, and fabrication of sweat patches and their use in high-throughput point-of-care/onsite sensing

Vinay Patel, Shweta Bhatt, Aritra Daspoddar, Vedant Shirsekar, Rohini Kumari, Pranjal Chandra and Rohit Srivastava

Microchemical Journal, 2024, 204, 111165
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.111165

An ultra-compact and wireless tag for battery-free sweat glucose monitoring

Hadi Mirzajani, Taher Abbasiasl, Fariborz Mirlou, Emin Istif, Mohammad Javad Bathaei, Çağdaş Dağ, Oğuzhan Deyneli, Dilek Yazıcı and Levent Beker

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2022, 213, 114450
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114450

Recent Advances in Noninvasive Biosensors for Forensics, Biometrics, and Cybersecurity

Leif K. McGoldrick and Jan Halámek

Sensors, 2020, 20, 5974
DOI: 10.3390/s20215974

Wireless, battery-free wearable optoelectronic-colorimetric microfluidic sensor for multiplex sweat analysis

Ruihao Song, Seokjoo Cho, Gwangmook Kim, Soyoung Shin, Shukun Yin, Ruixiao Liu, Ruijin Zeng, Jiaobing Tu, Yirui Xiong, Inkyu Park and Wei Gao

Device, 2026, 101107
DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2026.101107

Advanced Artificial Electronic Skin Based pH Sensing System for Heatstroke Detection

Ganesh Kumar Mani, Yuka Nimura and Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya

ACS Sens., 2020, 5, 911
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00207

Recent trends in non-invasive on-body chemical sensing

Zhanna Boeva, Zekra Mousavi, Tomasz Sokalski and Johan Bobacka

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 172, 117542
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.117542

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Zhengyun Wang, Jihoon Shin, Jin‐Ho Park, Hakho Lee, Dong‐Hwan Kim and Hongfang Liu

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202008130

Optical Fiber Semi-Distributed Interferometer Assisted by an FBG for Thermorefractometry and Sweat Sensing

Kulyan Karipbayeva, Wilfried Blanc and Daniele Tosi

IEEE Sensors J., 2023, 23, 14161
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3277004

Soft, skin-interfaced sweat stickers for cystic fibrosis diagnosis and management

Tyler R. Ray, Maja Ivanovic, Paul M. Curtis, Daniel Franklin, Kerem Guventurk, William J. Jeang, Joseph Chafetz, Hannah Gaertner, Grace Young, Steve Rebollo, Jeffrey B. Model, Stephen P. Lee, John Ciraldo, Jonathan T. Reeder, Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette, Amay J. Bandodkar, Jungil Choi, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Susanna A. McColley, Shannon Haymond and John A. Rogers

Sci. Transl. Med., 2021, 13
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8109

Wearable epidermal sensor patch with biomimetic microfluidic channels for fast and time-sequence monitoring of sweat glucose and lactate

Chenchen Liao, Shuyi Li, Chaohuan Yang, Chengyu Du, Hecheng Yao, Zhiwu Han, Urszula Stachewicz and Yan Liu

Talanta, 2025, 287, 127683
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127683

Design and development of opto‐electrochemical biosensing devices for diagnosing chronic kidney disease

Divya, Darshna, Aditi Sammi and Pranjal Chandra

Biotech & Bioengineering, 2023, 120, 3116
DOI: 10.1002/bit.28490

The correlation of urea and creatinine concentrations in sweat and saliva with plasma during hemodialysis: an observational cohort study

Sophie Adelaars, Constantijn J.A.M. Konings, Lieke Cox, Eva Boonen, Massimo Mischi, R. Arthur Bouwman and Daan van de Kerkhof

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2024, 62, 1118
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1285

Sweat sensing in the smart wearables era: Towards integrative, multifunctional and body-compliant perspiration analysis

Christopher Legner, Upender Kalwa, Vishal Patel, Austin Chesmore and Santosh Pandey

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2019, 296, 200
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.020

Hydrogels for emerging wearable sweat monitoring devices

Zhen Nie, Xiao Qu, Menghan He, Sicheng Zhen, Kelin Peng and Yu Chen

Intelligent Sports and Health, 2025, 1, 201
DOI: 10.1016/j.ish.2025.09.001

Synergistic convergence of materials and enzymes for biosensing and self-sustaining energy devices towards on-body health monitoring

Suntisak Khumngern and Itthipon Jeerapan

Commun Mater, 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00557-6

A skin-interfaced, miniaturized platform for triggered induction, capture and colorimetric multicomponent analysis of microliter volumes of sweat

Joohee Kim, Seyong Oh, Da Som Yang, Larissa Rugg, Radhika Mathur, Sung Soo Kwak, Seonggwang Yoo, Shupeng Li, Evangelos E. Kanatzidis, Geumbee Lee, Hong-Joon Yoon, Yonggang Huang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Susanna A. McColley and John A. Rogers

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2024, 253, 116166
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116166

Evolving health monitoring: Nanoscale flexible electronics for noninvasive uric acid analysis in sweat

Chong-Bo Ma, Xudong Shang, Ziyu Zhu, Long Zheng, Mimi Sun, Mengzhu Cao, Jing Bai, Yan Du and Ming Zhou

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2024, 179, 117889
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.117889

Multi-parameter photoelectric data fitting for microfluidic sweat colorimetric analysis

Huanhuan Shi, Yu Cao, Zhihao Xie, Yali Zhao, Congxuan Zhang and Zhen Chen

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 372, 132644
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132644

An Integrated Paper‐Based Patch for Wearable Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy Biomarkers in Sweat

Shanshan Zhang, Hongfeng Wang, Yuke Zheng, Yelan Yao, Tianyu Li, Yukun Ma, Yue Zhou, Zhiyang Chen, Yiming Wei, Lu Fang, Xiangmei Chen, Xuesong Ye, Jianhui Zhou and Bo Liang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202501970

A crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat sensing system for naked-eye sweat loss quantification via changes in structural reflectance

Bowen Zhong, Hao Xu, Xiaokun Qin, Lingchen Liu, Hailong Wang and Lili Wang

Bio-des. Manuf., 2024, 7, 428
DOI: 10.1007/s42242-024-00294-2

Wearable Optical Sensors: Toward Machine Learning-Enabled Biomarker Monitoring

Shadab Faham, Sina Faham and Bakhtyar Sepehri

Chemistry Africa, 2024, 7, 4175
DOI: 10.1007/s42250-024-01047-5

State of the art Overview wearable microfluidic noninvasive biomarker sensors for sweat analysis

Chen Liu, Xu Sun, Qingfeng Wang, Siqi Wang, Qianqian Wang and Sheng Zhang

Microchemical Journal, 2025, 209, 112847
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.112847