On the formation of complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: untangling the chemical complexity of carbon monoxide–hydrocarbon containing ice analogues exposed to ionizing radiation via a combined infrared and reflectron time-of-flight analysis

Matthew J. Abplanalp and Ralf I. Kaiser

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 16949
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A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study on the formation of methanimine (CH2NH) and ethylenediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) in low temperature interstellar model ices exposed to ionizing radiation

Cheng Zhu, Robert Frigge, Andrew M. Turner, Matthew J. Abplanalp, Bing-Jian Sun, Yue-Lin Chen, Agnes H. H. Chang and Ralf I. Kaiser

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 1952
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Effect of the Surface Roughness of Icy Grains on Molecular Oxygen Chemistry in Molecular Clouds

R. Maggiolo, A. Gibbons, G. Cessateur, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, H. Gunell, J. Loreau, O. Mousis and N. Vaeck

ApJ, 2019, 882, 131
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Bombardment of CO Ice by Cosmic Rays. I. Experimental Insights into the Microphysics of Molecule Destruction and Sputtering

Alexei V. Ivlev, Barbara M. Giuliano, Zoltán Juhász, Péter Herczku, Béla Sulik, Duncan V. Mifsud, Sándor T. S. Kovács, K. K. Rahul, Richárd Rácz, Sándor Biri, István Rajta, István Vajda, Nigel J. Mason, Sergio Ioppolo and Paola Caselli

ApJ, 2023, 944, 181
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A Revised Description of the Cosmic Ray Induced Desorption of Interstellar Ices

Olli Sipilä, Kedron Silsbee and Paola Caselli

ApJ, 2021, 922, 126
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Efficiency of non-thermal desorptions in cold-core conditions

V. Wakelam, E. Dartois, M. Chabot, S. Spezzano, D. Navarro-Almaida, J.-C. Loison and A. Fuente

A&A, 2021, 652, A63
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Simulations of Ice Chemistry in Cometary Nuclei

Robin T. Garrod

ApJ, 2019, 884, 69
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Isomers in Interstellar Environments. I. The Case of Z- and E-cyanomethanimine

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Germán Molpeceres, Víctor M. Rivilla, Liton Majumdar and Johannes Kästner

ApJ, 2020, 897, 158
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Buffer gas cooled ice chemistry. II. Ice generation and mm-wave detection of molecules desorbed from an ice

T. J. Hager, B. M. Moore, Q. D. Borengasser, A. C. Kanaherarachchi, K. T. Renshaw, S. Radhakrishnan, G. E. Hall and B. M. Broderick

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2024, 161
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Unusual Chemical Processes in Interstellar Chemistry: Past and Present

Eric Herbst

Front. Astron. Space Sci., 2021, 8
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The Case of H2C3O Isomers, Revisited: Solving the Mystery of the Missing Propadienone

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Sonia Álvarez-Barcia, Viktoria H. Korn and Johannes Kästner

ApJ, 2019, 878, 80
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Modeling C-shock Chemistry in Isolated Molecular Outflows

Andrew M. Burkhardt, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Romane Le Gal, Brett A. McGuire, Anthony J. Remijan and Eric Herbst

ApJ, 2019, 881, 32
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The chemical puzzle of the universe: complex organic molecules in cold dark clouds

Donghui Quan and Yang Lu

Chin. Sci. Bull., 2025
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Low-temperature gas-phase formation of indene in the interstellar medium

Srinivas Doddipatla, Galiya R. Galimova, Hongji Wei, Aaron M. Thomas, Chao He, Zhenghai Yang, Alexander N. Morozov, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Alexander M. Mebel and Ralf I. Kaiser

Sci. Adv., 2021, 7
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Non-energetic Formation of Ethanol via CCH Reaction with Interstellar H2O Ices. A Computational Chemistry Study

Jessica Perrero, Joan Enrique-Romero, Berta Martínez-Bachs, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Nadia Balucani, Piero Ugliengo and Albert Rimola

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2022, 6, 496
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The Effects of Cosmic Rays on the Chemistry of Dense Cores

Ross O’Donoghue, Serena Viti, Marco Padovani and Tomas James

ApJ, 2022, 934, 63
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The Effect of Cosmic Rays on Cometary Nuclei. II. Impact on Ice Composition and Structure

R. Maggiolo, G. Gronoff, G. Cessateur, W. B. Moore, V. S. Airapetian, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, A. Gibbons, H. Gunell, C. J. Mertens, M. Rubin and S. Hosseini

ApJ, 2020, 901, 136
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Formation of Complex Organic Molecules in Hot Molecular Cores through Nondiffusive Grain-surface and Ice-mantle Chemistry

Robin T. Garrod, Miwha Jin, Kayla A. Matis, Dylan Jones, Eric R. Willis and Eric Herbst

ApJS, 2022, 259, 1
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On Cosmic-Ray-driven Grain Chemistry in Cold Core Models

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Jessica Tennis, Romane Le Gal and Eric Herbst

ApJ, 2018, 861, 20
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Synthetic Approaches to Complex Organic Molecules in the Cold Interstellar Medium

Eric Herbst and Robin T. Garrod

Front. Astron. Space Sci., 2022, 8
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Energetic sulfur ion impacts into cometary ice surfaces: a molecular dynamics study

Christian Anders and Herbert M Urbassek

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 482, 2374
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Discovery of the Pure Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Indene (c-C9H8) with GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1

Andrew M. Burkhardt, Kin Long Kelvin Lee, P. Bryan Changala, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Ilsa R. Cooke, Ryan A. Loomis, Hongji Wei, Steven B. Charnley, Eric Herbst, Michael C. McCarthy and Brett A. McGuire

ApJL, 2021, 913, L18
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Ionic Fragments and Clusters Produced by Electron Impact of Acetonitrile and Methanol Mixed Molecular Films

Wania Wolff, Andre M. R. Giraldi, Jorge H. C. Basilio, Fabio de A Ribeiro, Alvaro Nunes Oliveira and Ricardo R. Oliveira

J. Phys. Chem. A, 2025, 129, 3389
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Hydroxylamine in astrophysical ices: Infrared spectra and cosmic-ray-induced radiolytic chemistry

Belén Maté, Ramón J. Peláez, Germán Molpeceres, Richárd Rácz, Duncan V. Mifsud, Juan Ortigoso, Víctor M. Rivilla, Gergő Lakatos, Béla Sulik, Péter Herczku, Sergio Ioppolo, Sándor Biri and Zoltán Juhász

A&A, 2025, 695, A102
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Solar Wind Irradiation of Methane and Methane–Water Ices: A Molecular Dynamics Approach

Alessandra Ricca and Justin B. Haskins

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2024, 8, 2509
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Modeling Complex Organic Molecules’ Formation in Cold Cores: Multiphase Models with Nonthermal Mechanisms

Yang Lu, Donghui Quan, Qiang Chang, Long-Fei Chen and Di Li

ApJS, 2025, 277, 8
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Formation of formaldehyde through methanol-ice-mantle (CH3OH)10 bombardment by OH+ cation

Natalia Inostroza-Pino, Desmond MacLeod-Carey, Cristopher Heyser, Diego Mardones, Carlos Espinoza and Jixing Ge

A&A, 2021, 650, A169
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Temperature Spectra of Interstellar Dust Grains Heated by Cosmic Rays. II. Dark Cloud Cores

Juris Kalvāns

ApJS, 2018, 239, 6
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Survey of complex organic molecules in starless and pre-stellar cores in the Perseus molecular cloud

Samantha Scibelli, Yancy Shirley, Andrés Megías and Izaskun Jiménez-Serra

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2024, 533, 4104
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Sublimation of Laboratory Ices Millimeter/Submillimeter Experiment (SubLIME): Structure-specific Identifications of Products from UV-photolyzed Methanol Ice

K. M. Yocum, S. N. Milam, P. A. Gerakines and S. L. Widicus Weaver

ApJ, 2021, 913, 61
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Formation of All Three C2H4O Isomers—Ethylene Oxide (c-C2H4O), Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and Vinyl Alcohol (CH2CHOH)—in Ethanol-containing Interstellar Analog Ices

Jia Wang, Chaojiang Zhang, Joshua H. Marks and Ralf I. Kaiser

ApJ, 2025, 984, 138
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Interstellar Glycolaldehyde, Methyl Formate, and Acetic Acid. I. A Bimodal Abundance Pattern in Star-forming Regions

Samer J. El-Abd, Crystal L. Brogan, Todd R. Hunter, Eric R. Willis, Robin T. Garrod and Brett A. McGuire

ApJ, 2019, 883, 129
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Regenerative water sources on surfaces of airless bodies

Cheng Zhu, Sándor Góbi, Matthew J. Abplanalp, Robert Frigge, Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis, Gerardo Dominguez, Katarina Miljković and Ralf I. Kaiser

Nat Astron, 2019, 4, 45
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Multiscale Perspectives on Solid-Phase Astrochemistry: Laboratory, Computation, and Open Questions

Matthew D. Dickers, Duncan V. Mifsud, Nigel J. Mason and Felipe Fantuzzi

Space Sci Rev, 2025, 221
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Quantum mechanical modelling of the grain-surface formation of acetaldehyde on H2O:CO dirty ice surfaces

Jessica Perrero, Piero Ugliengo, Cecilia Ceccarelli and Albert Rimola

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023, 525, 2654
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Space Weathering‐Induced Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Hydrogen Disulfide (H2S2) in the Murchison Meteorite

Cheng Zhu, Sándor Góbi, Matthew J. Abplanalp, Robert Frigge, Jeffrey J. Gillis‐Davis and Ralf I. Kaiser

JGR Planets, 2019, 124, 2772
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Cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) as a Tracer of the Nonequilibrium Chemistry Mediated by Galactic Cosmic Rays in Interstellar Ices

N. Fabian Kleimeier, Matthew J. Abplanalp, Rebecca N. Johnson, Samer Gozem, Joseph Wandishin, Christopher N. Shingledecker and Ralf I. Kaiser

ApJ, 2021, 911, 24
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Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment

Andrey V. Solov’yov, Alexey V. Verkhovtsev, Nigel J. Mason, Richard A. Amos, Ilko Bald, Gérard Baldacchino, Brendan Dromey, Martin Falk, Juraj Fedor, Luca Gerhards, Michael Hausmann, Georg Hildenbrand, Miloš Hrabovský, Stanislav Kadlec, Jaroslav Kočišek, Franck Lépine, Siyi Ming, Andrew Nisbet, Kate Ricketts, Leo Sala, Thomas Schlathölter, Andrew E. H. Wheatley and Ilia A. Solov’yov

Chem. Rev., 2024, 124, 8014
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Atomistic Modeling of Methyl Formate and Glycolaldehyde Formation on Interstellar Dirty Ice Mantles via a “Radical + Ice” Mechanism

Jessica Perrero, Stefano Pantaleone, Piero Ugliengo and Albert Rimola

ChemPlusChem, 2025, 90
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Interstellar detection of the highly polar five-membered ring cyanocyclopentadiene

Michael C. McCarthy, Kin Long Kelvin Lee, Ryan A. Loomis, Andrew M. Burkhardt, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Steven B. Charnley, Martin A. Cordiner, Eric Herbst, Sergei Kalenskii, Eric R. Willis, Ci Xue, Anthony J. Remijan and Brett A. McGuire

Nat Astron, 2020, 5, 176
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Cold and Yet Complex: Detection of Ethylene Oxide in a Prestellar Core

Aurore Bacmann, Alexandre Faure and Joanna Berteaud

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2019, 3, 1000
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Constraining the Molecular Complexity in the Interstellar Medium—The Formation of Ethyl Methyl Ether (CH3OCH2CH3) in Star-forming Regions

Alexandre Bergantini, Robert Frigge and Ralf I. Kaiser

ApJ, 2018, 859, 59
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Cyanopolyyne Chemistry around Massive Young Stellar Objects

Kotomi Taniguchi, Eric Herbst, Paola Caselli, Alec Paulive, Dominique M. Maffucci and Masao Saito

ApJ, 2019, 881, 57
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Formation of complex organic molecules in ice mantles: An ab initio molecular dynamics study

Natalia Inostroza, Diego Mardones, Jose Cernicharo, Hans Zinnecker, Jixing Ge, Nelson Aria, Patricio Fuentealba and Carlos Cardenas

A&A, 2019, 629, A28
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Laboratory and Computational Studies of Interstellar Ices

Herma M. Cuppen, H. Linnartz and S. Ioppolo

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2024, 62, 243
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A Facile Route for the Formation of Complex Nitrogen-Containing Prebiotic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium

Min Xie, Xiaonan Sun, Weixing Li, Jiwen Guan, Zhenhao Liang and Yongjun Hu

J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2022, 13, 8207
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Efficient Production of S8 in Interstellar Ices: The Effects of Cosmic-Ray-driven Radiation Chemistry and Nondiffusive Bulk Reactions

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Thanja Lamberts, Jacob C. Laas, Anton Vasyunin, Eric Herbst, Johannes Kästner and Paola Caselli

ApJ, 2020, 888, 52
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Formation pathways of complex organic molecules: OH• projectile colliding with methanol ice mantle (CH3OH)10

Natalia Inostroza-Pino, Diego Mardones, Jixing J. X. Ge and Desmond MacLeod-Carey

A&A, 2020, 641, A14
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Carbon-chain Chemistry versus Complex-organic-molecule Chemistry in Envelopes around Three Low-mass Young Stellar Objects in the Perseus Region

Kotomi Taniguchi, Liton Majumdar, Shigehisa Takakuwa, Masao Saito, Dariusz C. Lis, Paul F. Goldsmith and Eric Herbst

ApJ, 2021, 910, 141
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On modelling cosmic ray sputtering of interstellar grain ices

Alec Paulive, Joshua T Carder and Eric Herbst

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 516, 4097
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Five-membered ring compounds from the ortho-benzyne + methyl radical reaction under interstellar conditions

Jordy Bouwman, Morgan N. McCabe, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Joseph Wandishin, Virginia Jarvis, Engelbert Reusch, Patrick Hemberger and Andras Bodi

Nat Astron, 2023, 7, 423
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Chemistry in Extreme Environments: The Mystery of Molecular Complexity in Space

Cristina Puzzarini and Silvia Alessandrini

ACS Cent. Sci., 2026, 12, 174
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Formation of COMs through CO hydrogenation on interstellar grains

M. A. J. Simons, T. Lamberts and H. M. Cuppen

A&A, 2020, 634, A52
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On Simulating the Proton-irradiation of O2 and H2O Ices Using Astrochemical-type Models, with Implications for Bulk Reactivity

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Anton Vasyunin, Eric Herbst and Paola Caselli

ApJ, 2019, 876, 140
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Cosmic-Ray Tracks in Astrophysical Ices: Modeling with the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo Toolkit

Christopher N. Shingledecker, Sebastien Incerti, Alexei Ivlev, Dimitris Emfietzoglou, Ioanna Kyriakou, Anton Vasyunin and Paola Caselli

ApJ, 2020, 904, 189
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Excitation of Molecular Hydrogen by Cosmic-Ray Protons

Marco Padovani, Daniele Galli, Corey T. Plowman, Liam H. Scarlett, Mark C. Zammit, Igor Bray and Dmitry V. Fursa

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2026, 10, 189
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Electron-Induced Radiolysis of Astrochemically Relevant Ammonia Ices

Katherine E. Shulenberger, Jane L. Zhu, Katherine Tran, Sebiha Abdullahi, Carina Belvin, Julia Lukens, Zoe Peeler, Ella Mullikin, Helen M. Cumberbatch, Jean Huang, Kathleen Regovich, Alice Zhou, Lauren Heller, Milica Markovic, Leslie Gates, Christina Buffo, Rhoda Tano-Menka, Christopher R. Arumainayagam, Esther Böhler, Petra Swiderek, Sasan Esmaili, Andrew D. Bass, Michael Huels and Léon Sanche

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2019, 3, 800
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Laboratory infrared spectra and fragmentation chemistry of sulfur allotropes

Piero Ferrari, Giel Berden, Britta Redlich, Laurens B. F. M. Waters and Joost M. Bakker

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
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Exploring the Role of Ion–Molecule Reactions on Interstellar Icy Grain Surfaces

Weikai Cui and Eric Herbst

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2024, 8, 2218
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Review: High-Energy Astrochemistry in the Molecular Interstellar Medium

Brandt A. L. Gaches and Serena Viti

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2026, 10, 276
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An Unconventional Dark Radical Chemistry in Dense Molecular Clouds: Directed Gas-Phase Formation of Naphthyl Radicals

Zhenghai Yang, Galiya R. Galimova, Chao He, Shane J. Goettl, Xiaohu Li, Alexander M. Mebel and Ralf I. Kaiser

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 47359
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Investigation of 13C Isotopic Fractionation of CCH in Two Starless Cores: L1521B and L134N

Kotomi Taniguchi, Eric Herbst, Hiroyuki Ozeki and Masao Saito

ApJ, 2019, 884, 167
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The role of radiolysis in the modelling of C2H4O2 isomers and dimethyl ether in cold dark clouds

Alec Paulive, Christopher N Shingledecker and Eric Herbst

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020, 500, 3414
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Simulation of proton radiolysis of H2O and O2 ices with the Nautilus code

Tian-Yu Tu, Valentine Wakelam, Jean-Christophe Loison, Marin Chabot, Emmanuel Dartois and Yang Chen

A&A, 2026, 708, A237
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A New Method for Simulating Photoprocesses in Astrochemical Models

Ella Mullikin, Hannah Anderson, Natalie O’Hern, Megan Farrah, Christopher R. Arumainayagam, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Perry A. Gerakines, Anton I. Vasyunin, Liton Majumdar, Paola Caselli and Christopher N. Shingledecker

ApJ, 2021, 910, 72
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Surface Science Investigations of Icy Mantle Growth on Interstellar Dust Grains in Cooling Environments

Demian Marchione, Alexander Rosu-Finsen, Skandar Taj, Jérôme Lasne, Ali G. M. Abdulgalil, John D. Thrower, Victoria L. Frankland, Mark P. Collings and Martin R. S. McCoustra

ACS Earth Space Chem., 2019, 3, 1915
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