A stable and sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid reversible thermochromic material: [1-(2-fluoroethyl)piperazine]2[CuCl4]

Kang Zuo, Ruisi Yu, Wei Bao, Shuai Shao, Qing-Ling Cao, Hao Du, Linna Tian, Jia-Jia Zhao and Li-Zhuang Chen

CrystEngComm, 2025, 27, 4707
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Thermochromic hydrogel-based energy efficient smart windows: fabrication, mechanisms, and advancements

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Enhancing thermal comfort and photovoltaic efficiency through thermotropic starch–hydrogel composite membrane integration in sustainable building fenestration

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Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2025, 9, 5057
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Low-cost and fast-thermal-response Mo–PVA/PNIPAM hydrogel-based smart windows for monitoring indoor temperature under hot environments

Fan Chang, Xiaochun Gu, Bo Wang, Jingyue Zhang, Zongze Lv, Ning Ma, Xu Zhu and Xinyue Zhang

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Hollow flower-like TiO2@CsxWO3 hybrid for effective thermal management using a UV/NIR light absorbing shield strategy

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Cutting-edge infrared thermal management materials: principles, modulation modes and applications

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Application of a reversible thermochromic Co-MOF in smart windows

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Regulating High-Temperature Reversible Thermochromism in Structurally Symmetric Polydiacetylene Derivatives via Molecular Skeleton Distortion and Interlayer Spacing Variation

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Langmuir, 2025, 41, 25716
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Hydroxypropyl Cellulose‐Based Thermochromic Hydrogels for Smart Passive Cooling

Jiake Wang, Yue Lei, Haneena Neermunda Jaleel, Duraibabu Dhanapal, Deem Alfaran, Brahim Aissa, Tareq A. Al‐Ansari, Chi Feng and Qiaoqiang Gan

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Synergistic construction of preferential growth of WO3 and ion channels induced by non-ionic polyethylene glycol to enhance electrochromic performance

Zhiling Huang, Xiaoge Peng, Di Liu and Yue Meng

Applied Surface Science, 2026, 726, 165901
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Recent progress of hydrogels applied to intelligent window: A review

Yuhao Zhang, Xinyu Li, Wenbo Wu, Yaru Zhang and Tifeng Jiao

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 120414
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Spectrally Selective Cu2‐XS‐Grafted ATO Nanohybrids for Synchronous Solar Photon Management and Photothermoelectric Power Generation

Junming Lin and Guozhi Jia

Energy Tech, 2026, 14
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Thermal properties optimization of encapsulated reversible thermochromic phase change materials modified with nano particles for thermal energy storage

Guangtong Zhang, Kun Huang, Chaocheng Zhang, Xinjian Liu, Chenzhen Liu and Zhonghao Rao

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2026, 130924
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Solvent- and silica-triggered chromic behavior of a quinacridone–indandione derivative

Xue-Lin Zheng and Yutaka Matsuo

Chemistry Letters, 2025, 54
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Multiband Light Absorption Hydrogel with Adjustable Light Transmission for Smart Window

Shirui Zhang, Peng Zhang, Hongyu Wen, Junzheng Niu, Yi Huang, Xuhui Xu, Huaiqiang Ba, Yu Zhang and Ru Zhao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2026, 18, 8920
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Adaptive infrared radiation modulator using reversible metal electrodeposition with silicon carbide-based fabry-perot cavity

Jiangrong Zhou, Yuge Han, Dengfeng Ren and Qunqing Lin

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 1002, 175418
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Smart Window with Reversible and Instantaneous Photoluminescence based on Microsphere Structure

Dan Chen, Yuang Chen, Zhihong Zhu, Fang Luo, Fan Wu, Qingwei Zhou and Chucai Guo

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 52958
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High-stable and bifunctional cellulose nanofibers-silver nanowires/tungsten trioxide films for paper-based transparent electrochromic supercapacitor

Jie Li, Pengna Wang, Shengqing Zheng, Yeqiang Cai, Yueming Sun and Baoping Lin

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 655, 237934
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Cost-Efficient Ag/Ag-TiO2 Coating-Based Flexible Transparent Heat Reflector for Energy-Saving Smart Windows

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ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2024, 7, 7316
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Scalable Film Based on Thermochromic and Radiative Cooling Effects for Anti-Counterfeiting and Low Temperature Preservation

Bo Xiang, Luyao Xu, Yufei Li, Liyuan Jiao and Rong Zhang

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2024, 6, 12568
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Layered assembly of tri-band electrochromic smart windows towards sunlight comfort, energy saving and electromagnetic interference shielding

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Surface and Coatings Technology, 2026, 520, 133064
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Black photochromic smart windows for dynamic light and thermal regulation

Zhen Du, Jiangpeng Li, Yan Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Zongming Tian and Guojian Yang

Dyes and Pigments, 2026, 248, 113562
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Bidirectional Thermochromic Hydrogel with Wide Response Temperature Regulation for Smart Windows

Yong Hu, Qiaoyu Huang, Hong Chen, Mengqi Liang, Jiayi Chen, Xilin Wang, Zhaoxia Chen, Xueliang Jiang and Yuhong Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025
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Ventanas… ¿dinámicas inteligentes? Un vistazo seguro y ecológico hacia el futuro

G. Daniel Rangel-Partido, Angel J. Ferrer-Montiel, Miguel Guerrero, Martín González Salinas and Jesús Rodríguez-Romero

TERYS, 2024, 3, 17
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Recent progress of reversible thermochromic hydrogels and their application in smart windows

Lanlan Deng, Xiaodong Xu and Zhan’ao Tan

Nano Research, 2025, 18, 94907767
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A Photo‐ and Electrochromic Dual‐Responsive Smart Window for Full‐Day Photothermal Management

Yaqi Zhang, Yilin Ding, Fan Lan, Wenjing Zhang, Siming Zhao, Ya Huang, Run Li, Jingfa Li and Rufan Zhang

Small, 2025, 21
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Rapidly Sunlight‐Cured Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Electrochromic Devices and Flexible Sensors

Chengyuan Li, Pengcheng Liu, Yukai Xu, Haizeng Li, Chengchao Wang, Jingwei Chen and Lanxin Ma

Adv Materials Technologies, 2026, 11
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An Adaptive Solar Conditioning and Long-Wave Radiation Heat Management Smart Window for Energy Conservation

Cong Liu, Caixia Sun, Luyao Guo, Qingchao Fan, Menghan Xue and Xinhua Xu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 61292
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Synergistic Material–Structure Engineering for Mid‐Infrared Thermal Management in Textiles

Ruiyao Xu, Ziyuan Zhu, Hanyuan Zhang, Wenhui Fan, Tianqi Guan, Yuqi Wei, Weilin Xu, Bin Hu and Jun Wan

Small, 2025, 21
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Fabry-Pérot cavity-engineered smart windows with enhanced dynamic radiative cooling and solar modulation

Chong Wang, Jian Wang, Xiaoyu Sun, Zuoxu Wu, Fangyuan Yu, Zirui Zhao, Jun Mao, Qian Zhang and Feng Cao

Materials Today Physics, 2025, 58, 101866
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Multi-responsive thiazolothiazole viologen-based electrochromic materials for smart windows and electronic displays

Xinyi Zhang, Zhikang Han, Tianle Cao, Yue Zhu, Zengrong Wang, Zhaoyang Zhang, Zhuangyao Zhou, Dongqing Zhang, Ni Yan, Yueyan Zhang and Gang He

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 503, 158494
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How 3D Printing Technology Makes Cities Smarter: A Review, Thematic Analysis, and Perspectives

Lapyote Prasittisopin

Smart Cities, 2024, 7, 3458
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Integrated Electrochromic‐Electromagnetic Shielding‐Energy Storage Smart Window Based on PEDOT@Fe3O4 Core–Shell Functional Layer

Taolin Zhang, Siying Guan, Zhicheng Sun, Shouzheng Jiao, Zhengyu Chen, Siqiao Zhang, Yuwei Hao, Rui ma, Lu Han and Ruping Liu

Small, 2025, 21
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On-demand electro-/thermo-chromic smart windows with self-adaptive sensible heat storage for multimode synergistic building energy conservation

Hongchao Peng, Runfang Fu, Haibo Wang, Ziming Liu, Yingchun Gu, Qin Yang, Sheng Chen and Bin Yan

Applied Energy, 2026, 405, 127222
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Freeze resistant hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogel with passive radiative cooling performance for thermochromic smart window

Yunqi Wang, Xinyu Tan, Xiongbo Yang, Yulong Qiao, Alkiviadis Tsamis, Guiguang Qi, Chao Shi and Shengyu Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 510, 161797
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Thermochromic materials for building Applications: Overview through a bibliometric analysis

Ana Carolina Hidalgo-Araujo, Rafael Salomão, Umberto Berardi and Kelen Almeida Dornelles

Solar Energy, 2025, 293, 113491
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Conceptual 2D Ionic Carbon Nitride Photovoltachromic Batteries for Photovoltaic‐Driven Energy Storage and Dynamic Light Management

Jun‐Kai Yeh, Zhi‐Qing Lim, Hsiao‐Ching Wang, Yuh‐Lang Lee and Jih‐Jen Wu

Small, 2026, 22
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Temperature-sensitive ionic hydrogels for dual electric and thermal responsive smart window

Li-Li Zhao, Xiao-Lei Shi, Cong-Huan Huang, Meng-Ling Zou, Ming-Yu Liang, Jie Liang, Shi-Min Kang, Lei Miao and Zhi-Gang Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505, 158937
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Multi-roll forming to prepare PDLC & PSCLC dual-layer films for energy-efficient and privacy-protecting smart windows in buildings

Xufu Wang, Yuzhen Zhao, Yinfu Lu, Zhun Guo, Ruijuan Yao, Dongliang Yang, Dong Wang and Yi Luan

Applied Materials Today, 2025, 47, 102982
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Fast-Developing Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management: Full-Scale Fundamentals, Switching Methods, Applications, and Challenges

Long Xie, Xuechuan Wang, Yageng Bai, Xiaoliang Zou and Xinhua Liu

Nano-Micro Lett., 2025, 17
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Spontaneous Alignment of Liquid Crystals for Dual‐Mode Smart Windows with Active and Passive Control Functions

Shumeng Guo, Weiya Zhang, Yanlong Han, Xiaoming Song, Jinsong Song and Wenbo Shen

Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2025, 19
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Bidirectional Thermoresponsive Window via a Facilely Tailorable Double-Layer Hydrogel

Chen Wang, Meng Sun, Xiaohan Zha, Zhuoying Meng, Yiwen Ye, Hui Sun, Ying Liu, Benzhi Ju and Ye Tian

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 70887
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Advancements in Electrochromic Technology for Multifunctional Flexible Devices

Alice Marciel, Joel Borges, Luiz Pereira, Rui F. Silva and Manuel Graça

Materials, 2025, 18, 2964
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Polyoxometalate-Based Self-Healing Photochromic Smart Windows for Excellent Solar Heat Management

Yongle Guo, Yan Wang, Hongsheng Li, Xiaolong Wu, Jian Li, Pinyao An, Chao Li, Zhi-Yong Hu, Jingjing Zhang, Yaodong liu and Xue-Qing Liu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 47447
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Structural properties of CeO2 and CeO2-based composite oxide materials for passive daytime radiative cooling

Kamal Mustafa, Muhammad Raheel, Irfan Ali Abro, Syeda Muskan Zahra Rizvi, Jiawei Ma, Faisal Nazeer, Lihong Gao, Shizhen Zhu and Zhuang Ma

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2026, 183, 115791
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Ag/SiO2 and Ag/TiO2 Nanoscale-Thick Layers as Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Transparent Radiative Cooling Glass Design

Haifeng Nan, Pengqi Xiong, Gan-Ji Zhong, Yue Li, Ruiqing Li, Jia-Hong Niu, Jun Lei and Zhong-Ming Li

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 17111
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Recent advances in photo‐ or electro‐chromic smart windows and their thermal regulation

Zhen Du, Shuo Wang, Chang Gu and Guojian Yang

Responsive Materials, 2025, 3
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Potential and applications of polysaccharides in thermochromic systems: Intrinsic chromogenic functions and structural roles

Xinyuan Wan, Xiaojian Xia, Jiaojiao Yang, Xiaoyu Huang, Chichi Li, Xinlong Li and Jun Luo

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 112710
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Fundamentals, performance, and advances in bioarchitected phase-change composites for carbon neutral and zero-energy in buildings

Yujin Kang, Dimberu G. Atinafu and Sumin Kim

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 123, 116840
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Synergistic enhancement of WO3 electrochromic properties by carbon-doped induced oxygen vacancies and localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic copper

Lei Zhao, Shanshan Nie, Hongxing Han, Chengyi Wang and Zhifeng Liu

Applied Surface Science, 2025, 713, 164311
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Polymer dispersed liquid crystals-impregnated switchable thermochromic transparent woods with excellent ultraviolet blocking performance for smart windows

Cheng Ai Li, Jae Gyu Ahn, Hyeon Ji Jeong, Jang Hee Kim, Taeyoung Park, Do Kyoung Han, Jin Kim, Dong Ju Lee and Sung Ho Song

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater, 2025, 8
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Electrochromic smart window supercapacitor based on a hyperbranched electroactive polyamide for sustainable buildings

Yunfei Xie, Meini Li, Junru Chen, Ningzhi Cao, Gaorui Gu, Xincai Liu and Danming Chao

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 693, 137592
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A Comprehensive Review of the Functionalized Integrated Application of Gel Polymer Electrolytes in Electrochromic Devices

Lei Xu, Leipeng Zhang, Dongqi Liu, Zichen Ren, Wenchao Liu, Yike Zhang, Yuqiang Wang, Jiawu Sun, Rui Yang, Zekuo Lv, Jiupeng Zhao and Yao Li

Nano-Micro Lett., 2026, 18
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Upper-critical-solution-temperature-type hydrogel smart window with wide temperature regulation for all weather privacy protection and energy saving

Hongzhi Liu, Chengjie Qu, Shuxian Song, Ziye Han, Xingxiang Ji, Ligang Gai and Libin Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 522, 167953
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Energy assessment of PCM/T system integrated with interior shading cells in building glass facades

Ahmed Saad Soliman, Ping Cheng, Aya Morad, Seif Elbana, Ahmed El sheikh, Abdalla Rashed, Rawan Shokira, Asmaa Saad, Ahmed Awad and Osama Abdelrehim

Energy, 2026, 343, 139802
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Advanced conjugated functional polydiacetylene-based irreversible colorimetric indicator for anti-counterfeiting applications

Sachin Goyal, Deepika Sharma, Kamlesh Kumar and Amit L Sharma

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater, 2026, 9
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Thermal responsive fluoran based microcapsule composite material with SiO2; A stable and reversible thermochromic indicator for smart fabric application and its phase change behavior study

Nari Kim, Ramalingam Manivannan, Palanisamy Jayasudha and Young-A Son

Dyes and Pigments, 2026, 245, 113205
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Advances in Smart Chromogenic Hydrogel Composites for Next‐Generation Digital Applications

Hana Afshar, Farimah Kamran and Farangis Shahi

Polymers for Advanced Techs, 2025, 36
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Scalable Fabrication of Thermochromic Smart Windows for Broadening Temperature Ranges and Their Coupled Thermoelectric Power Generation

Guoxiang Xie, Yifan Li, Jing Luo, Changheng Wu, Mengran Cao, Dahai Zhu, Xinfeng Wu, Huaqing Xie and Wei Yu

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 14890
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Fabrication and thermal properties of encapsulated reversible thermochromic phase change material for solar thermal energy storage

Chenzhen Liu, Kun Huang, Peng Yang, Guangtong Zhang and Zhonghao Rao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 118, 116294
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