Issue 2, 2019

Continuous amination of aryl/heteroaryl halides using aqueous ammonia in a Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube micro-flow reactor

Abstract

The annual production of primary (hetero)arylamines has exceeded 6 million tons and has been extensively employed in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials industries. Catalyst-free and protecting group-free nucleophilic amination using ammonia represents a green and atom-economical method. However, due to the innate reactivity, chemical compatibility issue and the safety hazardous properties of ammonia gas, such transformation is still underused. By implementing a gas-permeable Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube system, diffusion of NH3 from aqueous ammonia to a reaction mixture for amination can be achieved in a continuous flow fashion. In this communication, we herein report the use of aqueous ammonia as the NH3 source in the amination of heteroaryl chorides to generate primary heteroaryl amines, providing a protocol that is green, economical and safe.

Graphical abstract: Continuous amination of aryl/heteroaryl halides using aqueous ammonia in a Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube micro-flow reactor

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
27 sept. 2018
Accepted
21 nov. 2018
First published
24 nov. 2018

React. Chem. Eng., 2019,4, 346-350

Continuous amination of aryl/heteroaryl halides using aqueous ammonia in a Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube micro-flow reactor

C. Xue, J. Li, J. P. Lee, P. Zhang and J. Wu, React. Chem. Eng., 2019, 4, 346 DOI: 10.1039/C8RE00216A

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