Issue 31, 2021

Fabrication of conducting polymer microelectrodes and microstructures for bioelectronics

Abstract

Conducting polymers (CPs) are emerging as one of the most promising functional materials for bioelectronics and biointerfaces due to their high biocompatibility, intrinsic electrical and ionic conductivity, tunable mechanical properties and the capability of being functionalised through chemical modification. For bioelectronics applications, there is an increasing demand for miniaturisation of the devices, which will not only enable the exploring of, for example, the stimuli-response of single cells and the electrophysiological mapping at a cellular resolution, but also benefit the advanced clinical diagnostics and therapeutic applications, especially when implantable and other wearable medical devices are needed. One critical step for miniaturising CP-based bioelectronic devices is the microfabrication of CPs. Driven by this demand, a variety of microfabrication techniques have been developed or adapted to CPs. As a result, a wide range of CP microelectrodes in both 2D and 3D formats have been successfully fabricated and successfully employed in a variety of bioelectronic applications, ranging from the acquisition of biological information (sensing and recording), controlling the physiological behaviour (stimulation) of cells and tissues to biomimetic applications such as artificial muscles. These CP-integrated microbioelectronic devices bring about unprecedented possibilities and exciting prospects for fundamental research and clinical applications of organic bioelectronics. This review addresses the recent advancements in the fabrication techniques of 2D and 3D CP microelectrodes and the applications of such electrodes in bioelectronic devices. We aim at providing insights into these emerging techniques that may inspire the development of the next generation of bioelectronics.

Graphical abstract: Fabrication of conducting polymer microelectrodes and microstructures for bioelectronics

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
07 avr. 2021
Accepted
01 juil. 2021
First published
06 juil. 2021

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021,9, 9730-9760

Fabrication of conducting polymer microelectrodes and microstructures for bioelectronics

P. Zhang and J. Travas-Sejdic, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 9730 DOI: 10.1039/D1TC01618K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements