Issue 7, 2024

A study of the doping process in Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 battery electrode materials studied in the ion-gated transistor configuration

Abstract

Understanding how the electronic conductivity of metal oxides used as electrode materials in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) evolves as a function of the degree of lithiation/delithiation is relevant to try to prolong the battery lifetime, which affects, among others, the sustainability of LIBs. We propose the use of ion-gated transistors (IGTs) employed as transistor channel material films of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and TiO2 interfaced to the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) including the salt LiTFSI, to study the evolution of the doping mechanism, charge carrier density and mobility with the advancement of lithiation/delithiation in the films. The process of lithiation/delithiation is controlled by the electrical bias applied at the gate electrode, made of carbon paper coated with high surface area activated carbon. The sweeping rate of the gate bias affects the kinetics of Li intercalation/deintercalation and, consequently, the electronic doping of the transistor channel. We discuss how different doping mechanisms, namely electrostatic, “purely” electrochemical, or electrochemical possibly associated with structural changes in the transistor channel are possible for the metal oxide films. We consider such a discussion relevant to contribute to the optimal use of the electrode materials in LIBs.

Graphical abstract: A study of the doping process in Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 battery electrode materials studied in the ion-gated transistor configuration

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
27 sept. 2023
Accepted
06 déc. 2023
First published
22 déc. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024,12, 2416-2422

A study of the doping process in Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 battery electrode materials studied in the ion-gated transistor configuration

J. R. H. Garza, L. P. Camargo, R. K. Azari, L. C. D. S. Neres, S. Khaleel, M. S. Barbosa, F. Soavi and C. Santato, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 2416 DOI: 10.1039/D3TC03517D

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements