Issue 9, 2019

In situ visualization of ozone in the brains of mice with depression phenotypes by using a new near-infrared fluorescence probe

Abstract

Ozone (O3), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is deeply involved in diseases including depression. However, the lack of appropriate in situ detection methods suitable for the complex biological context of brain impedes uncovering the exact relationship between depression and changes in the O3 level. Therefore, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (ACy7) for the direct visualization of O3 in mice brains. The specific cycloaddition reaction between O3 and the terminal double bond of the butenyl group extends the conjugation of the “pre-” heptamethine cyanine system, which emits NIR fluorescence of heptamethine cyanine. This makes the ACy7 specific, highly sensitive and able to deeply penetrate tissue. Using ACy7, we found that under glutamate stimulation, the O3 content in PC12 cells was significantly higher than that in control cells. By imaging analysis on the brains of mice, we revealed for the first time that the levels of O3 in mice with depression phenotypes were markedly higher than that in control mice. Intriguingly, experimental results unravelled that excess O3 promoted high expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), which ultimately induced depression phenotypes. Our work demonstrates the pivotal role of elevated O3 in depression and provides a fresh entry point for exploring oxidative stress contributing to depression.

Graphical abstract: In situ visualization of ozone in the brains of mice with depression phenotypes by using a new near-infrared fluorescence probe

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
02 nov. 2018
Accepted
12 janv. 2019
First published
17 janv. 2019
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2019,10, 2805-2810

In situ visualization of ozone in the brains of mice with depression phenotypes by using a new near-infrared fluorescence probe

P. Li, J. Wang, X. Wang, Q. Ding, X. Bai, Y. Zhang, D. Su, W. Zhang, W. Zhang and B. Tang, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 2805 DOI: 10.1039/C8SC04891F

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