Issue 6, 2020

Safe resource recovery from faecal sludge: evidence from an innovative treatment system in rural Tanzania

Abstract

Globally, innovative treatment systems are needed to incentivise safe faecal sludge management practices and resource recovery. In rural Tanzania 83% of the population do not have access to basic sanitation. Communities rely on on-site sanitation (pit latrines) that are not safely managed and allow for faecal sludge to contaminate groundwater used for drinking. This study reports on the design and evaluation of a novel treatment system; dewatering of faecal sludge in solar drying beds, followed by capturing of faecal sludge leachate and leachate heat sterilisation using a rocket stove fired with agricultural waste. Faecal sludge was manually extracted from 25 pit-latrines in rural Tanzania and analyzed at 0.5 m depth profiles. For aged latrine sludge (1.5 m deep) the ratio of total volatile solids to total solids halved, indicating stabilization. However, densities of Escherichia coli remained elevated (5.6 × 104 cfu g−1). Extracted sludge was loaded (∼0.9–1.35 m3) into drying beds for 21 days and final E. coli densities were highly variable. The leachate was captured from drying beds in 150 L batches and took 40 min to heat to 98 °C in the rocket-stove with a rice husk fuel feeding rate of 48 kg h−1. Heat treatment of leachate completely inactivated 3.1 × 105 cfu/100 ml of E. coli (5.5 log10 reduction) and reduced total coliforms by 99.9% (3.1 log10); reaching safe guideline values for unrestricted agricultural reuse. Thus, the stove is an innovative low-cost technology for treatment of faecal sludge for rural communities in developing countries that produces faecal products that can be safely used in agriculture.

Graphical abstract: Safe resource recovery from faecal sludge: evidence from an innovative treatment system in rural Tanzania

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 joulu 2019
Accepted
05 touko 2020
First published
12 touko 2020

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2020,6, 1737-1748

Safe resource recovery from faecal sludge: evidence from an innovative treatment system in rural Tanzania

E. C. Mrimi, F. J. Matwewe, C. C. Kellner and J. M. Thomas, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2020, 6, 1737 DOI: 10.1039/C9EW01097A

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