An organic synaptic transistor with integration of memory and neuromorphic computing

Shaomin Chen, Enlong Li, Rengjian Yu, Huihuang Yang, Yujie Yan, Yuanyuan Hu, Huipeng Chen and Tailiang Guo

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 9972
DOI: 10.1039/D1TC02112E

Optically and electrically modulated printed carbon nanotube synaptic transistors with a single input terminal and multi-functional output characteristics

Lin Shao, Min Li, Peisong Wu, Fang Wang, Shulin Chen, Weida Hu, Hua Wang, Zheng Cui and Jianwen Zhao

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 6914
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC01156H

Synapse transistors based on Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite gate dielectric for neuromorphic application

Yuxing Lei, Jun Li, Wenhui Fu and Jianhua Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 16379
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC01946A

Solution-processed electronics for artificial synapses

Kuakua Lu, Xiaomeng Li, Qingqing Sun, Xinchang Pang, Jinzhou Chen, Takeo Minari, Xuying Liu and Yanlin Song

Mater. Horiz., 2021, 8, 447
DOI: 10.1039/D0MH01520B

Violet-light stimulated synaptic and learning functions in a zinc–tin oxide photoelectric transistor for neuromorphic computation

Ting-Ruei Lin, Li-Chung Shih, Po-Jen Cheng, Kuan-Ting Chen and Jen-Sue Chen

RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 42682
DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08777G

Intrinsically stretchable photonic synaptic transistors for retina-like visual image systems

Fan Xu, Cong Zhang, Xiaoli Zhao, Hongyan Yu, Guodong Zhao, Juntong Li, Bin Wang, Yanhong Tong, Qingxin Tang and Yichun Liu

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 10586
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC01775J

Synaptic transistor with tunable synaptic behavior based on a thermo-denatured polar polymer material

Qian Yang, Jinsong Huang, Qizhen Chen, Cihai Chen, Huipeng Chen and Tailiang Guo

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 5534
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC00211F

Improving the performance of photonic transistor memory devices using conjugated block copolymers as a floating gate

Yu-Che Chen, Yan-Cheng Lin, Hui-Ching Hsieh, Li-Che Hsu, Wei-Chen Yang, Takuya Isono, Toshifumi Satoh and Wen-Chang Chen

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 1259
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05326K

A dual-mode image sensor using an all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array for standard and neuromorphic imaging

Zhenghao Long, Yucheng Ding, Xiao Qiu, Yu Zhou, Shivam Kumar and Zhiyong Fan

J. Semicond., 2023, 44, 092604
DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/9/092604

Small‐Molecule‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistor for Nonvolatile Memory and Artificial Synapse

Yang Yu, Qihao Ma, Haifeng Ling, Wen Li, Ruolin Ju, Linyi Bian, Naien Shi, Yan Qian, Mingdong Yi, Linghai Xie and Wei Huang

Adv Funct Materials, 2019, 29
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201904602

Lead-free monocrystalline perovskite resistive switching device for temporal information processing

Jing-Yu Mao, Zhi Zheng, Zi-Yu Xiong, Pu Huang, Guang-Long Ding, Ruopeng Wang, Zhan-Peng Wang, Jia-Qin Yang, Ye Zhou, Tianyou Zhai and Su-Ting Han

Nano Energy, 2020, 71, 104616
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104616

Flexible Electro‐Optical Perovskite/Electrolyte Synaptic Transistor to Emulate Photoelectric‐Synergistic Neural Learning Rules and Reflex‐Arc Behavior

Huanhuan Wei, Ge Yao, Yao Ni, Lu Yang, Jiaqi Liu, Lin Sun, Xiaojuan Zhang, Jie Yang, Yue Xiao, Fangcai Zheng and Wentao Xu

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202304000

Highly Sensitive Artificial Visual Array Using Transistors Based on Porphyrins and Semiconductors

Xin Wang, Yang Lu, Junyao Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Tianqi Chen, Qingqing Ou and Jia Huang

Small, 2021, 17
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005491

Bioactive 2D nanomaterials for neural repair and regeneration

Xiaolie He, Yanjing Zhu, Bei Ma, Xu Xu, Ruiqi Huang, Liming Cheng and Rongrong Zhu

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2022, 187, 114379
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114379

Flexible and Energy-Efficient Synaptic Transistor with Quasi-Linear Weight Update Protocol by Inkjet Printing of Orientated Polar-Electret/High-k Oxide Composite Dielectric

Yushan Li, Wei Cai, Ruiqiang Tao, Wentao Shuai, Jingjing Rao, Cheng Chang, Xubing Lu and Honglong Ning

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 19271
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02880

Neuromorphic Skin Based on Emerging Artificial Synapses

Yeongjun Lee, Jin Young Oh and Tae‐Woo Lee

Adv Materials Technologies, 2022, 7
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200193

Building Functional Memories and Logic Circuits with 2D Boron Nitride

Xiao‐Tong Liu, Jin‐Rui Chen, Yan Wang, Su‐Ting Han and Ye Zhou

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004733

Interface Modification in Three‐Terminal Organic Memory and Synaptic Device

Chaoyue Zheng, Yuan Liao, Su‐Ting Han and Ye Zhou

Adv Elect Materials, 2020, 6
DOI: 10.1002/aelm.202000641

Visible Light-Stimulated Artificial Synapse Based on an Organic Field-Effect Transistor for Imitating Human Emotions and Mood Swings

Bishwajit Mandal, Prashant Sonar and Samarendra Pratap Singh

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2024, 6, 2420
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.4c00079

Organic Transistor‐Based Neuromorphic Electronics and Their Recent Applications

Ziru Wang and Feng Yan

Small Methods, 2026, 10
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501966

Light‐operated On‐chip Autonomous Vision Using Low‐dimensional Material Systems

Sumeet Walia

Adv Materials Technologies, 2022, 7
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101494

Buckybowl‐Based Organic Single‐Crystal Photosynapses: Concave Architecture Inducing High Accuracy in Image Recognition

Yecheng Li, Xinqiang Hua, Bo Ma, Yan Xu, Zhichao Xie, Jiandong Jiang, Zitong Liu, Hao‐Li Zhang, Qi Wang and Xiangfeng Shao

Small, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202505779

Feedback neurons based on perovskite memristor with nickel single-atom engineered reduced graphene oxide cathode

Qing-Xiu Li, Hua-Xin Li, Tao Sun, Ming-Hao Jiang, Yan-Bing Leng, Zi-Yu Lv, You Zhou, Ye Zhou, Wai-Yeung Wong and Su-Ting Han

Nat Commun, 2026, 17
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69805-2

Mimicking optoelectronic synaptic functions in solution-processed In–Ga–Zn–O phototransistors

Waleed Alquraishi, Jia Sun, Weijie Qiu, Wanrong Liu, Yulong Huang, Chenxing Jin and Yongli Gao

Appl. Phys. A, 2020, 126
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-020-03614-2

Recent advances in solid electrolytes for synaptic transistors

Jun Li, Wen-Hui Fu, Lin-Kang Li, Dong-Liang Jiang, Liang-Chun He, Wen-Qing Zhu and Jian-Hua Zhang

Organic Electronics, 2021, 95, 106196
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106196

Organic Synaptic Transistors Based on a Hybrid Trapping Layer for Neuromorphic Computing

Shuqiong Lan, Xiaoyan Wang, Rengjian Yu, Changjie Zhou, Minshuai Wang and Xiaomei Cai

IEEE Electron Device Lett., 2022, 43, 1255
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2022.3182816

Two-Dimensional Near-Atom-Thickness Materials for Emerging Neuromorphic Devices and Applications

Tae-Jun Ko, Hao Li, Sohrab Alex Mofid, Changhyeon Yoo, Emmanuel Okogbue, Sang Sub Han, Mashiyat Sumaiya Shawkat, Adithi Krishnaprasad, Molla Manjurul Islam, Durjoy Dev, Yongjun Shin, Kyu Hwan Oh, Gwan-Hyoung Lee, Tania Roy and Yeonwoong Jung

iScience, 2020, 23, 101676
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101676

Artificial Synapses Based on WSe2 Homojunction via Vacancy Migration

Junwen Ren, Hongzhi Shen, Zeyi Liu, Ming Xu and Dehui Li

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 21141
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01162

Harnessing 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite with Polar Organic Cation for Ultrasensitive Multibit Nonvolatile Transistor-Type Photomemristors

Po-Ting Lai, Cheng-Yueh Chen, Hao-Cheng Lin, Bo-Yuan Chuang, Kai-Hua Kuo, Christopher R. Greve, Tsung-Kai Su, Guang-Hsun Tan, Chia-Feng Li, Sheng-Wen Huang, Kai-Yuan Hsiao, Eva M. Herzig, Ming-Yen Lu, Yu-Ching Huang, Ken-Tsung Wong and Hao-Wu Lin

ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 25552
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09595

Engineered bio-functional material-based nerve guide conduits for optic nerve regeneration: a view from the cellular perspective, challenges and the future outlook

Enoch Obeng, Baoguo Shen, Wei Wang, Zhenyuan Xie, Wenyi Zhang, Zhixing Li, Qinqin Yao and Wencan Wu

Regenerative Biomaterials, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae133

Tailoring Synaptic Properties of the Band-Engineered Charge Trap Memory for a Flexible Edge Neuromorphic Processor

Taehoon Kim, Jungyeop Oh, Hyeonji Lee, Min-Kyu Shin, Jongseo Won, Woonggi Hong, Sung-Yool Choi and Min Ju Kim

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2026, 18, 5539
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c19280

Optical Memory, Switching, and Neuromorphic Functionality in Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices

Gaurav Vats, Brett Hodges, Andrew J. Ferguson, Lance M. Wheeler and Jeffrey L. Blackburn

Advanced Materials, 2023, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205459

Silicon-based optoelectronic synaptic devices*

Lei Yin, Xiaodong Pi and Deren Yang

Chinese Phys. B, 2020, 29, 070703
DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab973f

InP Quantum Dots Tailored Oxide Thin Film Phototransistor for Bioinspired Visual Adaptation

Zhixiang Gao, Xin Ju, Haizhong Zhang, Xiaohan Liu, Hongyu Chen, Wanfa Li, Hongliang Zhang, Lingyan Liang and Hongtao Cao

Adv Funct Materials, 2023, 33
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202305959

Enhanced performance of phototransistor memory by optimizing the block copolymer architectures comprising Polyfluorenes and hydrogen-bonded insulating coils

Chen-Fu Lin, Ya-Shuan Wu, Hui-Ching Hsieh, Wei-Cheng Chen, Takuya Isono, Toshifumi Satoh, Yan-Cheng Lin, Chi-Ching Kuo and Wen-Chang Chen

Polymer, 2024, 295, 126772
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2024.126772

Functional Oxides for Photoneuromorphic Engineering: Toward a Solar Brain

Amador Pérez‐Tomás

Adv Materials Inter, 2019, 6
DOI: 10.1002/admi.201900471

Dynamically Reconfigurable Short‐Term Synapse with Millivolt Stimulus Resolution Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Haifeng Ling, Naixiang Wang, Anneng Yang, Yanghui Liu, Jiajun Song and Feng Yan

Adv Materials Technologies, 2019, 4
DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900471

Nanoscale channel organic ferroelectric synaptic transistor array for high recognition accuracy neuromorphic computing

Enlong Li, Xiaomin Wu, Qizhen Chen, Shengyuan Wu, Lihua He, Rengjian Yu, Yuanyuan Hu, Huipeng Chen and Tailiang Guo

Nano Energy, 2021, 85, 106010
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106010

Recent Progress in Organic-Based Photonic Synapses

Gyu-min Ko, Seungbeom Lee, Minjun Choi and Hea-Lim Park

J. Flex. Print. Electron., 2022, 1, 155
DOI: 10.56767/jfpe.2022.1.2.155

Xanthan gum biopolymer gated low voltage-operating photo synaptic organic field-effect transistor for neuromorphic electronics

Bishwajit Mandal, M. Raveendra Kiran and Samarendra Pratap Singh

Synthetic Metals, 2025, 310, 117778
DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117778

Recent Progress in Artificial Synapses Based on Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing

Seunghwan Seo, Je-Jun Lee, Ho-Jun Lee, Hae Won Lee, Seyong Oh, Je Jun Lee, Keun Heo and Jin-Hong Park

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2020, 2, 371
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.9b00694

Bio‐Inspired Artificial Retinas Based on a Fibrous Inorganic–Organic Heterostructure for Neuromorphic Vision

Tran Quang Trung, Atanu Bag, Lai Thi Ngoc Huyen, Montri Meeseepong and Nae‐Eung Lee

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202309378

Optically excited artificial synapse based on α-In2Se3 FETs on Ta2O5

Neha Mohta, Ankit Rao, Priyanka Suri and Digbijoy N Nath

Semicond. Sci. Technol., 2023, 38, 095008
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6641/ace5cc

Photonic Memristor for Future Computing: A Perspective

Jing‐Yu Mao, Li Zhou, Xiaojian Zhu, Ye Zhou and Su‐Ting Han

Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7
DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900766

High-Performance Organic Synaptic Transistors with an Ultrathin Active Layer for Neuromorphic Computing

Qian Yang, Huihuang Yang, Dongxu Lv, Rengjian Yu, Enlong Li, Lihua He, Qizhen Chen, Huipeng Chen and Tailiang Guo

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 8672
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22271

Vertical 3-Terminal Artificial Synaptic Devices

Nahyun Jeong and Kyung-Geun Lim

J. Flex. Print. Electron., 2023, 2, 1
DOI: 10.56767/jfpe.2023.2.1.1

Photoelectric IGZO Electric-Double-Layer Transparent Artificial Synapses for Emotional State Simulation

Cong Peng, Wenya Jiang, Yi Li, Xifeng Li and Jianhua Zhang

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2019, 1, 2406
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.9b00560

Artificial synapses with photoelectric plasticity and memory behaviors based on charge trapping memristive system

Zhiliang Chen, Yu Yu, Lufan Jin, Yifan Li, Qingyan Li, Tengteng Li, Yating Zhang, Haitao Dai and Jianquan Yao

Materials & Design, 2020, 188, 108415
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108415

Synaptic silicon-nanocrystal phototransistors for neuromorphic computing

Lei Yin, Cheng Han, Qingtian Zhang, Zhenyi Ni, Shuangyi Zhao, Kun Wang, Dongsheng Li, Mingsheng Xu, Huaqiang Wu, Xiaodong Pi and Deren Yang

Nano Energy, 2019, 63, 103859
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103859

Gelatin-hydrogel based organic synaptic transistor

Dengxiao Lai, Enlong Li, Yujie Yan, Yaqian Liu, Jianfeng Zhong, Dongxu Lv, Yudan Ke, Huipeng Chen and Tailiang Guo

Organic Electronics, 2019, 75, 105409
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105409

Flexible Femtojoule Energy-Consumption In-Ga-Zn-O Synaptic Transistors With Extensively Tunable Memory Time

Lingkai Li, Yan Shao, Xiaolin Wang, Xiaohan Wu, Wen-Jun Liu, David Wei Zhang and Shi-Jin Ding

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 2020, 67, 105
DOI: 10.1109/TED.2019.2951582

Li-doping-modulated gelatin electrolyte for biodegradable electric-double-layer synaptic transistors

Zhengquan Chen, Gang He, Bing Yang, Minmin Zhu and Shanshan Jiang

AIP Advances, 2024, 14
DOI: 10.1063/5.0187167

Emerging optoelectronic artificial synapses and memristors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials

Pengshan Xie, Dengji Li, SenPo Yip and Johnny C. Ho

Applied Physics Reviews, 2024, 11
DOI: 10.1063/5.0173547

Dual‐Modal Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices with Versatile Synaptic Plasticity

Yue Wang, Yiyue Zhu, Yayao Li, Yiqiang Zhang, Deren Yang and Xiaodong Pi

Adv Funct Materials, 2022, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107973

Recent progresses of organic photonic synaptic transistors

Zhonghui Deng, Bosheng Zhou, Yunchao Xu, Chenxing Jin, Wanrong Liu, Biao Liu, Jia Sun and Junliang Yang

Flex. Print. Electron., 2022, 7, 024002
DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ac66ac

Silicon-based inorganic-organic hybrid optoelectronic synaptic devices simulating cross-modal learning

Yayao Li, Yue Wang, Lei Yin, Wen Huang, Wenbing Peng, Yiyue Zhu, Kun Wang, Deren Yang and Xiaodong Pi

Sci. China Inf. Sci., 2021, 64
DOI: 10.1007/s11432-020-3035-8

Topological Quantum Switching Enabled Neuroelectronic Synaptic Modulators for Brain Computer Interface

Dani S. Assi, Hongli Huang, Vaithinathan Karthikeyan, Vaskuri C. S. Theja, Maria Merlyne de Souza and Vellaisamy A. L. Roy

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306254

Recent progress on two-dimensional neuromorphic devices and artificial neural network

Changfa Tian, Liubo Wei, Yanran Li and Jie Jiang

Current Applied Physics, 2021, 31, 182
DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2021.08.014

Recent Progress in Photonic Synapses for Neuromorphic Systems

Junyao Zhang, Shilei Dai, Yiwei Zhao, Jianhua Zhang and Jia Huang

Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2020, 2
DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900136

Bio-inspired visual systems based on curved image sensors and synaptic devices

Zhenghao Long, Yucheng Ding, Swapnadeep Poddar, Leilei Gu, Qianpeng Zhang and Zhiyong Fan

Materials Today Electronics, 2023, 6, 100071
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtelec.2023.100071

Toward Enhanced Biomimetic Artificial Visual Systems Based on Organic Heterojunction Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistors

Haonan Wang, Wandi Chen, Wenjuan Su, Zhenyou Zou, Shuchen Weng, Xiongtu Zhou, Chaoxing Wu, Tailiang Guo and Yongai Zhang

Adv Elect Materials, 2025, 11
DOI: 10.1002/aelm.202400632

Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing

Yue Wang, Lei Yin, Wen Huang, Yayao Li, Shijie Huang, Yiyue Zhu, Deren Yang and Xiaodong Pi

Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2021, 3
DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000099

Emulating synaptic plasticity in ionic liquid-gated zinc tin oxide neuromorphic transistor

Manu Shaji, Frenson P. Jose, K. J. Saji, Aldrin Antony and M. K. Jayaraj

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2022, 33, 19985
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-022-08817-2

ZnO-based hybrid nanocomposite for high-performance resistive switching devices: Way to smart electronic synapses

Anirudh Kumar, Km. Preeti, Satendra Pal Singh, Sejoon Lee, Ajeet Kaushik and Sanjeev K. Sharma

Materials Today, 2023, 69, 262
DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.09.003

Recent Progress in Organic Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices

Min He and Xin Tang

Photonics, 2025, 12, 435
DOI: 10.3390/photonics12050435

Charge transport in nnn and npn phosphorene junctions: The use of phosphorene pn junctions as rectifiers

Sadegh Dana, Moslem Zare and Parsa Zamani

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2020, 124, 114239
DOI: 10.1016/j.physe.2020.114239

Advances in Multi‐Terminal Transistors as Reconfigurable Interconnections for Neuromorphic Sensing and Processing

Si En Ng, Sujaya Kumar Vishwanath, Jingting Yang, Srilakshmi Subramanian Periyal, Amoolya Nirmal, Nur Fadilah Jamaludin, Rohit Abraham John and Nripan Mathews

Adv Elect Materials, 2024, 10
DOI: 10.1002/aelm.202300540

Evolution of Bio‐Inspired Artificial Synapses: Materials, Structures, and Mechanisms

Haiyang Yu, Huanhuan Wei, Jiangdong Gong, Hong Han, Mingxue Ma, Yongfei Wang and Wentao Xu

Small, 2021, 17
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000041

Conjugated Polymer‐Wrapped Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Mobility Photonic/Electrical Fully Modulated Synaptic Transistor

Maina Moses Mburu, Kuan‐Ting Lu, Nathaniel L. Prine, Ai‐Nhan Au‐Duong, Wei‐Hung Chiang, Xiaodan Gu and Yu‐Cheng Chiu

Adv Materials Technologies, 2022, 7
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101506

Organic electronic synapses with low energy consumption

Yeongjun Lee, Hea-Lim Park, Yeongin Kim and Tae-Woo Lee

Joule, 2021, 5, 794
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2021.01.005

Operating Principle and Device Configuration Driven Mechanisms in Low‐Dimensional Materials for Neuromorphics

Taimur Ahmed, Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi, Arnan Mitchell and Sumeet Walia