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A red-emissive tripodal nanoprobe for the discrimination of serum albumin with conformational change from Y- to ω-like and probing mitochondrial viscosity

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Advancements in phasor-based FLIM: multi-component analysis and lifetime probes in biological imaging

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Small molecule based fluorescent chemosensors for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions

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A novel mitochondrion-targeted fluorescent probe for detecting viscosity in living cells and zebrafishes

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Asymmetrical organic D–π–A conjugate with ‘V’-shaped crystal packing: quest to transcend the limits of photophysical properties and applications

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Visualizing lysosomal viscosity in atherosclerosis with a long-wavelength and large Stokes shift fluorescent probe

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Tracking endoplasmic reticulum viscosity during ferroptosis and autophagy using a molecular rotor probe

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FLIM-guided self-reporting of PDT efficacy using a mitochondria-targeted, viscosity-sensitive quinolinium probe

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A coumarin-based TICT fluorescent probe for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging of mitochondrial viscosity and systemic inflammation in vivo

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A porphyrin-triazatruxene dyad for ratiometric two-photon fluorescent sensing of intracellular viscosity

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Solvatochromic sensors detect proteome aggregation in stressed liver tissues with hepatic cancer and cirrhosis

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Novel cationic meso-CF3 BODIPY-based AIE fluorescent rotors for imaging viscosity in mitochondria

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A NIR fluorescent probe for dual imaging of mitochondrial viscosity and FA in living cells and zebrafish

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Screening of dicyanoisophorone-based probes for highly sensitive detection of viscosity changes in living cells and zebrafish

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Engineering a light-driven cyanine based molecular rotor to enhance the sensitivity towards a viscous medium

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An endoplasmic reticulum targeting green fluorescent protein chromophore-based probe for the detection of viscosity

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A lipid droplet-targeted fluorescent probe for fluorescence imaging of cell and zebrafish viscosity

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Styryl benzoxazolium salts as environment-sensitive mitochondrial probes for imaging ferroptosis

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An ultrasensitive lipid droplet-targeted NIR emission fluorescent probe for polarity detection and its application in liver disease diagnosis

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Two-photon fluorescence imaging of mitochondrial viscosity with water-soluble pyridinium inner salts

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Rational design and comparison of three curcumin-based fluorescent probes for viscosity detection in living cells and zebrafish

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Mitochondrial membrane potential-independent near-infrared fluorescent probes for viscosity-exclusive imaging

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Rational design of a NIR fluorescent probe and its application in food detection of viscosity and biosystem imaging

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Multichannel Fluorescence Microscopy: Advantages of Going beyond a Single Emission

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A robust xanthylium-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for viscosity imaging in inflammatory and hepatic injury mice models

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Fluorescent AIE-Active Materials for Two-Photon Bioimaging Applications

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Advances in ferroptosis: Synergistic therapies and fluorescent probes as arrows to target cancer's achilles heel

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Lipid droplet-targeted AIEgen with dual-responsiveness for sulfur dioxide and viscosity monitoring in live-cell imaging and food analysis

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Bioorganic Chemistry, 2025, 163, 108684
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A minireview of fluorescent probes for the dual detection of viscosity and pH: Design and biological applications

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Novel dual-color fluorescence probe for monitoring the fluctuation of lysosomal polarity and viscosity during apoptosis

Jiaona Han, Hanyan Ren, Xingyu Luo, Jun Li and Jiaheng Zhang

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An epoxide-based covalent sensor to detect cardiac proteome aggregation in a cardio-oncology model

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Environment-sensitive indolenine-based hemisquaraine dyes: Synthesis, molecular structure, and spectral properties

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Dyes and Pigments, 2023, 219, 111612
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Tuning Lipophilicity to Develop an MMP-Independent Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing Mitochondrial Peroxynitrite in Drug-Induced Liver Injury

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Anal. Chem., 2026, 98, 2379
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Exploration of Novel Meso-C═N-BODIPY-Based AIE Fluorescent Rotors with Large Stokes Shifts for Organelle-Viscosity Imaging

Qing-Hui Wan, Gulziba Anwar, Yu-Xin Tang, Wen-Jing Shi, Xiao-Shan Chen, Chang Xu, Zhi-Zhou He, Qingxiang Wang, Jin-wu Yan, Dongxue Han and Li Niu

Anal. Chem., 2024, 96, 5437
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A golgi targeting viscosity rotor for cancer diagnosis in living cells and tissues

Xiaodong Wang, Xiaoping Li, Zonghui Liu, Yating Meng, Xiaofang Fan, Hui Wang, Jisheng Nie and Bingchun Xue

Talanta, 2024, 278, 126497
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A Lysosome-Targeted Far-Red to Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Viscosity Change During the Ferroptosis Process

Yanqin Lai, Xue Chen, Fang Chen, Linchen Ni, Ting Wang, Ziping Zhu, Ju Man, Chunxiao Jiang and Zhenda Xie

Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2022, 42, 2850
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Quinolinium-based viscosity probes for lysosome imaging and tracing lysosomal viscosity changes in living cells

Ajcharapan Tantipanjaporn, Karen Ka-Yan Kung, Wing-Cheung Chan, Jie-Ren Deng, Ben Chi-Bun Ko and Man-Kin Wong

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 367, 132003
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Quantitative Methodologies to Dissect Immune Cell Mechanobiology

Veronika Pfannenstill, Aurélien Barbotin, Huw Colin-York and Marco Fritzsche

Cells, 2021, 10, 851
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A red emission tetraphenyl ethylene-fused rhodamine dye for viscosity sensing and mitochondria-targeted cell imaging

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Journal of Molecular Structure, 2024, 1310, 138280
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Construction of a red emission fluorescent protein chromophore-based probe for detection of carboxylesterase 1 and carbamate pesticide in culture cells

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Recent advances in multifunctional fluorescent probes for viscosity and analytes

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HBI-based covalent probes for the specific detection of protein aggregates

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Quadrupolar, Highly Polarized Dyes: Emission Dependence on Viscosity and Selective Mitochondria Staining

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Application of a near-infrared fluorescent probe with dual-targeting capability toward lipid droplets and mitochondria in imaging of liver cirrhosis and tumors

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Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2026, 353, 127593
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A simple chalcone molecular rotor for specific fluorescence imaging of mitochondrial viscosity changes in living cells

Chao Wang, Tingting Wang, Min Zhao, Fangfang Dai, Zhuolan Niu, Wenqing Zhang and Yangmin Ma

Dyes and Pigments, 2021, 194, 109593
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Dicyanisophorone-based viscosity fluorescent probe and its fluorescence imaging in cells and zebrafish

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Visual detection of anti‐icing fluids freezing by a low‐temperature viscosity‐sensitive aggregation‐induced emission probe

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Smart Molecules, 2025, 3
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A novel viscosity-responsive fluorescent probe powered by synergistic ICT/ESIPT/TICT mechanisms

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Journal of Molecular Structure, 2026, 1353, 144654
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Dynamic insights into mitochondrial function: Monitoring viscosity and SO2 levels in living cells

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Tuning the Solid- and Solution-State Fluorescence of the Iron-Chelator Deferasirox

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J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 7382
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Isophorone-based crystallization-induced-emission sensors detect proteome aggregation in live cells and tissues with breast cancer

Xiaomeng Jia, Di Shen, Jintai Deng, Kainan Wang, Xueqing Wang, Yijin Guo, Lu Sun, Hao Jin, Qiuxuan Xia, Huan Feng, Biao Jing, Jialu Sun, Wang Wan, Yu Liu and Man Li

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2024, 1317, 342916
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Molecular rotors in haemoglobin and bovine serum albumin proteins

Alice Briole and Bérengère Abou

J. R. Soc. Interface., 2022, 19
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Near-Infrared Probes Designed with Hemicyanine Fluorophores Featuring Rhodamine and 1,8-Naphthalic Derivatives for Viscosity and HSA Detection in Live Cells

Adenike Mary Olowolagba, Omowunmi Rebecca Aworinde, Sushil K. Dwivedi, Micah Olamide Idowu, Dilka Liyana Arachchige, Crystal Wang, Olivya Rose Graham, Joseph Peters, Grace Rickauer, Thomas Werner, Athar Ata, Rudy Lin Luck and Haiying Liu

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Quinoxaline-derived aza-BODIPY AIEE fluorescent probes for lysosomal viscosity imaging

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Dyes and Pigments, 2026, 245, 113220
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Theoretical Insights into a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe NI-VIS Based on the Organic Molecule for Monitoring Intracellular Viscosity

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Molecules, 2023, 28, 6105
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Construction and application of bifunctional AIE fluorescent probe for the detection of Cys and viscosity

Junmin Sun, Baoqin An, Jianfei Liu, Xiaofei Zhu and Yong Ye

Dyes and Pigments, 2024, 231, 112408
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Imidazole-based styryl dyes as Viscosity-Sensitive agents

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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2024, 447, 115268
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Synthesis of inverse push-pull coumarin dyes and their application as solvatochromic probes and labelling agents for bacterial cell membranes

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Dyes and Pigments, 2024, 228, 112204
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Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Independent Near-Infrared Mitochondrial Viscosity Probes for Real-Time Tracking Mitophagy

Jiaxin Hong, Xiaogang Guan, Yao Chen, Xiaodong Tan, Shiya Zhang and Guoqiang Feng

Anal. Chem., 2023, 95, 5687
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The Dark State, Vibronic Coupling, and Viscosity Sensing of Methoxylated Benzoyl Coumarins

Thanh Chung Pham, Dung Ngoc Tran, Thong Van Pham, Van Trang Nguyen, Dai Lam Tran and Minh Tho Nguyen

ChemPhysChem, 2025, 26
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Monitoring of the decreased mitochondrial viscosity during heat stroke with a mitochondrial AIE probe

Yuewei Zhang, Shuohang Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Qi Zan, Xue Yu, Li Fan and Chuan Dong

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Revealing Solvation within [l(−)-Menthol : Thymol] Deep Eutectic Solvents via Microfluidity Assessment

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Visualizing mitochondrial viscosity during ferroptosis by using a solvatochromic effect-decreased hemicyanine probe

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Microchemical Journal, 2023, 193, 109010
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An ingenious near-infrared fluorescent probe for detection of viscosity in biosystems and beverages

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Monitoring inflammation-cancer progression by cell viscosity, polarity and leucine aminopeptidase using multicolor fluorescent probe

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A dual-channel fluorescence probe for simultaneously visualizing cysteine and viscosity during drug-induced hepatotoxicity

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A Triple-Responsive and Dual-NIR Emissive Fluorescence Probe for Precise Cancer Imaging and Therapy by Activating Pyroptosis Pathway

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Leveraging fluorescent sensor with prominent-response viscosity for evaluating metal-ion stress in plants

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Viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probe based on diphenylamino-substituted triazaborolopyridinium

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Directly imaging emergence of phase separation in peroxidized lipid membranes

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A guideline for design of photoinduced electron transfer-based viscosity probe with rigid fluorophore-quencher configuration

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Direct evaluation of polarity of the ligand binding pocket in retinoid X receptor using a fluorescent solvatochromic agonist

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Front. Chem., 2022, 10
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Construction of a mitochondria-targeted NIR probe with large Stokes shift for real-time monitoring viscosity changes during ferroptosis

Yongfei Huang, Zifan Gao and Zhefeng Fan

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2025, 342, 126488
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Synthesis and application of a highly fluorescent styryl-benzothiadiazole derivative as a chemosensor for ethanol in hydroalcoholic solutions

Raquel Mazolli da Fiuza, Juliana Padilha, Luis Maqueira, Ricardo Q. Aucélio and Jones Limberger

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 271, 120913
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Mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for detecting viscosity in tumor and inflammation models

Sichen Zhang, Jie Wang, Jiale Li, Qi Su, Chunxu Han, Wenxuan Hu, Lei Hu and Hui Wang

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2026, 472, 116802
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A mitochondria-targeted dual-response sensor for monitoring viscosity and peroxynitrite in living cells with distinct fluorescence signals

Yaqian Li, Jieni Lei, Xin Qin, Guangyi Li, Qiulan Zhou and Zi Yang

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2023, 138, 106603
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Construction and evaluation of near-infrared fluorescent probes for imaging lipid droplet and lysosomal viscosity

Yuming Li, Yuxuan Wang, Yanping Li, Wenjing Shi and Jinwu Yan

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2024, 316, 124356
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Dual/Multi-responsive fluorogenic probes for multiple analytes in mitochondria: From design to applications

Jiaying Guo, Bin Fang, Hua Bai, Limin Wang, Bo Peng, Xu-Jun Qin, Li Fu, Chuanhao Yao, Lin Li and Wei Huang

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 155, 116697
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Dual-responsive diazo probe for labeling of aggrephagic compartments in live cells

Xiaomeng Jia, Hao Jin, Rui Sun, Huaiyue Zhang, Yongquan Xiao, Yiyang Luo, Hongliang Yu, Jintai Deng, Di Shen and Man Li

Talanta, 2026, 298, 128990
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Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Photophysical Properties of Halogenated Coelenteramide Analogs

Ana Carolina P. Afonso, Patricia González-Berdullas, Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva and Luís Pinto da Silva

Molecules, 2022, 27, 8875
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Real-time imaging of acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo via a robust viscosity probe with aggregation-induced emission nature

Yangzhen Feng, Gang Nie, Wenjie Liang, Wanqing Li, Yu Zhang, Kaiping Wang and Dugang Chen

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 355, 131285
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Responsive fluorescent probes for cellular microenvironment and redox small biomolecules

Li Zhang, Liangwei Zhang, Xia Zhang, Yang Zhao, Shujing Fang, Jinmao You and Lingxin Chen

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Environmentally sensitive fluorescent nucleoside analogues as probes for nucleic acid – protein interactions: molecular design and biosensing applications

Dmytro Dziuba

Methods Appl. Fluoresc., 2022, 10, 044001
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NIR fluorescent probe reveals the viscosity-inflammation association mechanism: integrated analysis from cells, animal models to clinical samples

Tong Zhou, Yuran Wang, Jiankai Feng, Youjie Li, Lingxin Chen, Shuyang Xie and Xia Zhang

Microchemical Journal, 2026, 226, 118306
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A highly sensitive ESIPT-TICT fluorescent probe for viscosity detection in liver injury models

Haixian Ren, Xueping Wang, Qinglu Pan and Hongliang Wang

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2026, 347, 127046
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Novel Meso-Benzothiazole-Substituted BODIPY-Based AIE Fluorescent Rotor for Imaging Lysosomal Viscosity and Monitoring Autophagy

Wen-Jing Shi, Ru Chen, Jinrong Yang, Yong-Feng Wei, Yuhui Guo, Zi-Zhou Wang, Jin-wu Yan and Li Niu

Anal. Chem., 2022, 94, 14707
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A red emission multiple detection site probe for detecting carboxylesterase 1 based on BODIPY fluorophore

Yifeng Wang, Chenggong Ma, Xuwei Zheng, Minzi Ju, Yongqian Fu, Xing Zhang and Baoxing Shen

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2021, 421, 113516
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Rational design of a 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe and its application in liquid food detection of viscosity and living cells

Yanpeng Dai, Han Huang, Haoting Gao, Ke Zhu, Le Zhang, Hong Li and Xiangting Zhang

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2025, 1340, 142529
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Viscosity-responsive NIR AIE fluorescent probe for lysosome-targeted tumor imaging

Jianxi Liu, Yonglin Zhang, Jiale Hu, Shulin Chen, Ying Xue, Wanhui Liu, Li Shen, Aiping Wang, Yanping Zhu and Lixiao Xu

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2026, 345, 126747
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Rational Design of a Symmetric Double Rotor-Based Fluorescent Probe for Revealing Lds Viscosity Changes During Ferroptosis

Juan Li, Minggang Tian, Faqi Yu, Jing Zhang, Gengxiu Zheng and Mei Yan

SSRN Journal, 2022
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Amyloid β Aggregate-Sensitive Red Fluorescent Dipolar Probes

Hyeyeon Kim, Rakesh Parida, Kounghwa Youn, Sang Chul Shin, Gyochang Keum, Jin Yong Lee, Eun-Kyoung Bang and Soyeon Yoo

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater., 2023, 1, 1513
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How and when to measure mitochondrial inner membrane potentials

Alicia J. Kowaltowski and Fernando Abdulkader

Biophysical Journal, 2024, 123, 4150
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Extracellular vesicles involved in the crosstalk between apoptosis and ferroptosis revealed via a viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probe targeting lysosomes and nucleoli

Shao-Feng Zhang, Yu-Zhong Xie, Ling-Li Wang, Ming-Hua Zheng, Xue Wu and Jing-Yi Jin

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2024, 418, 136153
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Novel extracted piperine as an activatable molecular sensor toward viscosity detection in liquid system

Lingfeng Xu, Yanrong Huang, Xuefei Zhong, Lili Zeng, Xinmin Deng, Yu Xie and Haibin Li

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2025, 1345, 143008
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A Hemicyanine-BODIPY-Based Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Derivatives and Viscosity

Luying Guo, Huiquan Zuo, Qian Li, Xing Guo, Heng Li, Haolin He, Shaozhen Wang, Lijuan Jiao and Erhong Hao

Anal. Chem., 2026
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Organic Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Micro-Environments in Living Cells and Tissues

Rui Yang, Tao Zhu, Jingyang Xu, Yuang Zhao, Yawei Kuang, Mengni Sun, Yuqi Chen, Wei He, Zixing Wang, Tingwang Jiang, Huiguo Zhang and Mengmeng Wei

Molecules, 2023, 28, 3455
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A Mitochondria‐Specific Orange/Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Fluorescent Probe for Dual‐Imaging of Viscosity and H2O2 in Inflammation and Tumor Models

Li Fan, Qi Zan, Xiaodong Wang, Shuohang Wang, Yuewei Zhang, Wenjuan Dong, Shaomin Shuang and Chuan Dong

Chin. J. Chem., 2021, 39, 1303
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Sustainable natural chlorogenic acid as a functional molecular sensor toward viscosity detection in liquids

Lingfeng Xu, Wenyan Xu, Ziyin Tian, Fei Deng and Yanrong Huang

Photochem Photobiol Sci, 2023, 22, 1245
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Development of novel near-infrared GFP chromophore-based fluorescent probes for imaging of amyloid-β plaque and viscosity

Yuhui Guo, Huaxiang Leng, Qingxiu Chen, Junyi Su, Wen-jing Shi, Chunli Xia, Lei Zhang and Jinwu Yan

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 372, 132648
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Carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor with viscosity-regulated FRET efficiency for tracking viscosity changes in lysosome during ferroptosis

Yu-Ping Wang, Peng-Xiang Yuan, Jing-Yuan Zhang, Bo Wang, Liu-Pan Yang and Li-Li Wang

Microchemical Journal, 2025, 211, 113151
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Red-emission molecular rotors for ultrafast and wash-free imaging mitochondria viscosity in cells and tissues

Kun Yu, Shuting Shen, Yaxuan Wang, Jing Yang, Zhiyu Wang, Feiyang Ding, Jiayi Ge, Yi Deng, Lei Hu, Meifang Wang and Hui Wang

Tetrahedron Letters, 2023, 117, 154376
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A near-infrared fluorescent molecular rotor for viscosity detection in biosystem and fluid beverages

Anyang Wang, Wei Shu, Yu Wang, Kaile Liu, Sinian Yu, Yu Zhang, Kai Wang, Dongpeng Li, Zifei Sun, Xiaofeng Sun and Haibin Xiao

Food Chemistry, 2025, 463, 141458
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141458