Effect of pre-treatment conditions on the electrochemical performance of hard carbon derived from bio-waste

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Sodiation-driven amorphous Co-based species in slope-dominated hard carbon with ultralong cycling life for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

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Rational phosphating layer design in biomass-derived hard carbons toward fast charging capability of sodium ion battery anodes

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Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 16678
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Phosphorus–nitrogen dual-doping engineering in hard carbon microspheres for enhanced sodium-ion storage

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Design principles for fluoroethylene carbonate additive–electrode compatibility in nanoporous sugarcane bagasse-based hard carbon sodium ion anodes

Jiahan Fu, Sheng Li, Chaofan Luo, Honglin Hu, Tianshun Xiong, Xin Li, Junyou Yang, Guangwei Huang, Jianfang Li, Yubo Luo and Canhuang Zhang

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Carbon engineering for sodium batteries: multi-role architectures bridging material design and hybrid system innovation

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Plastic-derived carbons for high-performance battery electrodes: upcycling, design strategies, and perspectives

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Facile synthesis of in situ carbon-coated CoS2 micro/nano-spheres as high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

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Efficient construction of hard carbon through hydrothermal carbon coating engineering toward enhanced sodium–ion storage performance

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Improving the electronegativity of N-doped carbon by encapsulating CoFe alloy clusters with a chainmail-like structure for high-energy sodium-ion capacitors

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Nitrogen-doped and partially graphitized coal-based hard carbon materials for high-performance sodium-ion storage in SIBs

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Ultra-micropores of hard carbons for ultrafast Na-ion storage

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Interfacial chemistry regulation by orbital hybridization for superior kinetics of hard carbon in an ester-based electrolyte

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Transition metal Si-chalcogenides: a new two-dimensional anode material for Na-ion batteries

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Biological pretreatment of bamboo biomass toward hierarchical carbon architectures for high-rate sodium storage

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Organic molecular design for high-power density sodium-ion batteries

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One-step synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorod clusters for high-rate sodium-ion storage

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Pushing slope- to plateau-type behavior in hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries via local structure rearrangement

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Achieving high-capacity sodium insertion of coal-based hard carbon anodes via closed-pore modification

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Steric Hindrance Engineering to Modulate the Closed Pores Formation of Polymer‐Derived Hard Carbon for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Dynamic Sodiation‐Driven Pore Reconstruction for Superior Initial‐Coulombic‐Efficiency and High‐Rate in Xylose‐Based Hard Carbon Anode

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N/F/S co-doped 3D interconnected carbon nanosheets with well-developed pores and interlayer spacing for high-performance potassium ion batteries

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Microstructure Design of Metal Selenides for Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes

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Binary Solvation Engineering Unlocks Ultra‐Stable Cycling of Alloy Foil Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yifan Zhang, Jinhui Zhao, Chaoxian Wu, Song Sun, Mirtemir Kurbanov, Xin Zhang and Gongkai Wang

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Phosphate ester bonds acted as nodes: Achieving directional construction of closed pore to elevate sodium storage capacity

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Facile synthesis of sp2-enriched hard carbon anodes for high-efficiency sodium storage

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Porous Carbon-Modified Silk-Derived Carbon Mesh for High-Performance Transparent All-Solid Supercapacitors

Delong Ma, Xinyu Niu, Yang Chen, Enpeng Hou and Ruili Zhang

Processes, 2025, 13, 3056
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Biomass-derived hard carbon material for high-capacity sodium-ion battery anode through structure regulation

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Carbon, 2025, 231, 119733
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Upcycling of Waste Polymers into Porous Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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ChemSusChem, 2026, 19
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Unsaturated Organic Sulfonate‐Based Electrolyte Reinforced Interface for Stable Na3V2(PO4)2F3|HC Full‐batteries with Long Duration at 4.1 V

Mingqin Jiang, Yanling Qiu, Chenkai Mu, Bo Wang, Shuo Wang, Yongfu Tang, Qiong Zheng and Xianfeng Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Graphitic Lattice‐Induced Microcrystalline Engineering of Two‐Dimensional Coal‐Based Hard Carbon Materials for High‐Performance Sodium Storage

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Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Lignin-derived hard carbon with tailored microstructure as anode for high-performance sodium-ion battery

Fei Gao, Chen Sun, Rong-Chun Zhong and Qiang Sun

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2026, 1000, 119644
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Tuning π-π carbon restacking hindrance to remodify hard carbon crystallites for advanced sodium energy

Zhidong Hou, Weijia He, Fengxuan Wu, Yichen Du, Fei Xu and Jian-Gan Wang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104455
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Polar Molecule Intercalation to Weaken P2─S Bonding in MnPS3 Toward Ultrahigh‐Capacity Sodium Storage

Xueyang Tu, Ke Fan, Baixin Peng, Shaoning Zhang, Yiran Ma, Yuqiang Fang, Haitao Huang and Fuqiang Huang

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Spatiotemporal Evolution in Hard Carbon Synthesis via Electrothermal Coupling Strategy for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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Unlocking the potential of fossil fuel-derived hard carbons in sodium-ion batteries: Mechanistic insight and design strategies

Yifan Chai, Zonglin Yi, Jiechen Guo, Xiaoqian Guo, Cancan Hong, Ge Song, Yafeng Fan, Wen Li, Xiao-Ming Li, Lijing Xie and Fangyuan Su

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Construction of Low‐Softening‐Point Coal Pitch Derived Carbon Nanofiber Films as Self‐Standing Anodes Toward Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries

Yamin Zhang, Guangyuan Wang, Peng Yue, Jinfeng Sun, Musen Gao, Jinlong Wang, Linrui Hou, Meng Chen and Changzhou Yuan

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Protection of lithium metal anodes: A comprehensive review

Chenglong Wang, Yinglei Wu, Sirui Wang, Jinhui Zhu and Xiaodong Zhuang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 130, 117454
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Accelerated carbonization of waste tire via microwave heating: Carbon anode derived from waste tire for sodium-ion battery

Suah Park, Gwanwon Lee, Gaeun Cho, Youngtae Lee, Heewon Jin, Se Youn Cho, Sungho Lee and Dalsu Choi

Applied Surface Science, 2025, 690, 162577
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Synergistic effect of boron and nitrogen co-doping on anthracite-based hard carbon anode toward enhanced sodium storage

Yanhong Zhao, Zhuang Hu, Jingtong Chen, Peng Gao, Zhixiao Liu, Yan Duan, Aiping Hu, Changling Fan and Jilei Liu

Transactions of Materials Research, 2025, 1, 100069
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Ultrafast thermal conversion of coking coal to high-capacity hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries

Zhongqi Wei, Zhenghe Zhang, Shuxiang Li, Xining Zang and Zhijun Zhang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 135, 118369
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Atomic-level Fe/N-coordinated biomass hard carbon for fast-charging sodium-ion batteries

Wei He, Wenxiu He, Siting Zheng, Puwu Liang, Yihao Yang, Ahmed Abdel-Aziz, Mujtaba Aminu Muhammad, Xiang Hu, Suqin Ci and Zhenhai Wen

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 88, 105055
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Enhanced phase-transfer kinetics achieved by atomic iron catalysts on hard carbon toward low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Xinyi Qian, Ziling Wu, Jianan Gu, Yanli Wang, Xiaomin Cheng, Jing Zhang, Hongzhen Lin, Jian Wang, Liang Zhan and Yongzheng Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 517, 164268
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Achieving high electrothermal and mechanical performance for Graphene/Poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) composite films via interfacial engineering with two-dimensional polyarylamide nanosheets

Xin Zhou, Yifan He, Yiming Yang, Zilong Wang, Wenlong Jiang, Ying Guo, Kun Zheng, Heng Zhou and Tong Zhao

Carbon, 2025, 232, 119774
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Batteries for wearable and implantable biomedical devices: a comprehensive review

Pasquale Gargiulo, Maria F. Gaele, Aniello Costantini and Tonia M. Di Palma

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, 2026, 28, 100723
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The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering for Enhanced Cycling Stability in Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Performance Optimization

Qingjie Li, Dong Wei, Yixin Liu, Shoujun Liu, Pengtao Wang, Yadong Bai and Song Yang

Batteries & Supercaps, 2026, 9
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Uncovering the inherent link between pseudo-graphite structure and closed-pore formation in hard carbon

Yaxiong Liu, Zechao Tao, Lin Ge, Junfen Li, Xing Guo, Danni Xun, Shiwen Lei, Junpeng Zhang, Xiaodong Tian and Zhanjun Liu

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 702, 138855
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Physics-informed machine learning exploration of Na storage mechanisms in disordered carbon

Nikhil Rampal, Stephen E. Weitzner, Fredrick Omenya, Marissa Wood, David M. Reed, Xiaolin Li, Jonathan R.I. Lee and Liwen F. Wan

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 86, 104967
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Sputtered Zero‐Excess Electrodes with Metallic Seed Layers for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

Ansgar Lowack, Paula Grun, Rafael Anton, Henry Auer, Kristian Nikolowski, Mareike Partsch, Mihails Kusnezoff and Alexander Michaelis

Batteries & Supercaps, 2025, 8
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Molecular Stitching in Polysaccharide Precursor for Fabricating Hard Carbon with Ultra‐High Plateau Capacity of Sodium Storage

Zhenzhuang Wen, Ruiguang Zhao, Tongtong Tian, Tao Zhang, Xin Wang, Xinyi Yang, Wanqing Song, Yanan Chen, Jia Ding and Wenbin Hu

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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Zinc−Ion−Assisted Catalytic Synthesis of Hard Carbon with Superior Plateau Capacity and ICE for Sodium−Ion Batteries

Runyi Zhou, Fuchen Zhou, Yanzhong Huang, Yong Zhao, Chuang Bao, Jiachen Tang, Yi Wu, Huachao Yang, Zheng Bo and Qian Yu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Hierarchically porous aramid-derived hard carbon with high-rate capability as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

T. Qiu, J.D. Wang, J. Xie, Z.Y. Chen, Y.X. Wu, J.F. Wu, J. Wang, F. Liu and J.P. Cheng

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 660, 238493
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Heterojunction Vacancies‐Promoted High Sodium Storage Capacity and Fast Reaction Kinetics of the Anodes for Ultra‐High Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Hui Zheng, Dakai Ma, Maojun Pei, Chenkai Lin, Yao Liu, Shuqi Deng, Ruoxue Qiu, Yiyuan Luo, Wei Yan and Jiujun Zhang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofibers as anode for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Shengsheng Ji, Liyong Wang, Xiangqian Fan, Mei Wang, Peng Li, Lei Liu, Yiwei Yang, Yanhong Luo, Qiudi Li, Huiqi Wang and Shengliang Hu

Diamond and Related Materials, 2025, 152, 111923
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Revealing the sodium storage capacity, kinetics, and sodium plating signals of hard carbon

Wei Li, Shini Lin, Yuejing Zeng, Yuan Qin, Honghao Xie, Xing Chen, Jing Zeng, Peng Zhang and Jinbao Zhao

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 529, 173109
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Carbon‐Confined Tellurium Nanotube Cathodes Enabling Stable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries with High Capacity

Ruiyan Liu, Xi Chen, Shiru Min, Chuanyi Li, Mingyue Kang, Zhishen Yin, Hongyu Fan, Xuejing Shen, Tao Sun and Zhanjun Wu

Small, 2026
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Tailoring the microstructure of hard carbon via self-crosslinking engineering for enhanced sodium storage

Linwei Li, Xinyu Liu, Yanyan Zhang, Haifeng Ke, Zhenming Jiang, Junli Long, Jianguo Fan, Honglin Yuan, Ting Zhong, Shuyu Zhou, Wenhong Zou and Yuxin Tang

Sci. China Chem., 2026
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Electrolyte Engineering of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Mechanism Analysis to Design Strategies

Keying Cui, Ruilin Hou, Haoshen Zhou and Shaohua Guo

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Facile synthesis of hard carbon anodes from coconut shells via one-step carbonization for long-life sodium-ion batteries

Hui Guo, Jinzhen Hu, Jihuan Xie, Xueyi Sun and Weidong Zhuang

Carbon, 2025, 244, 120730
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Porous graphene confined partial ion desolvation in ether electrolyte for highly reversible sodium storage

Yizhe Wang, Kangkang Ge, Chuanren Ye, Wenchang Zhang, Wanxia Li, Kun Ni, Shuhong Jiao, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon and Yanwu Zhu

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 86, 104978
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Tofu dreg waste-derived hard carbon anode material with an “adsorption-insertion-pore filling” storage mechanism for highly stable sodium-ion batteries under harsh conditions

Fanqin Yue, Rongkang Zhou, Busheng Zhang, Yameng Fan and Dan Zhou

Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 667, 239266
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Sustainable biomass-derived hard carbon anode materials toward long-life sodium-ion batteries via the fractal regulation strategy

Xunhui Lei, Lei Zhang, Xueyi Guo, Qinghua Tian, Ying Yang, Yu Yi, Jing Shi, Juya Zhong, Xinxin Cao, Feixiang Wu, Xiaowei Wang and Shuo Wang

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2025, 46, e01779
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Microcrystalline reconfiguration assisted pore structure regulation towards high performance coal-derived hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Zeren Zhou, Zhijiang Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Qiaoyan Lin, Qinghe Jing, Shouqing Yan, Jie Guo, Yong Shuai and Lishuang Fan

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2025, 303, 112562
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Controllable homogeneous oxygen crosslinking in pitch for high-performance sodium-ion batteries by sequential air-acid-air oxidation

Yuhan Liu, Xueyan Kang, Qianxun Li, Wanran Lin, Ruohong Bian, Peiyuan Ye, Jiongjiong Li, Jiannan Pei, Feng Jiang, Hao Yang, Zhouguang Lu and Zhenghe Xu

Nano Energy, 2026, 150, 111752
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Spatial configuration engineering of phenolic resins to tune the closed pores of hard carbon for enhanced plateau-capacity sodium storage

Liewen Guo, Chuang Qiu, Haiyan Liu, Renlu Yuan, Xiaotian Li, Xin Li, Kairan Li, Wanxiong Zhu, Mohammad Tabish, Xuewei Liu, Ang Li, Xiaohong Chen and Huaihe Song

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 512, 162478
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Polydopamine‐Assisted Synergistic Regulation of Surface Chemistry and Pore Architecture in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Carbons for High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Derui Kong, Ning Sun, Zhaoxin Yu, Shujie Zhou, Xue Li, Razium Ali Soomro and Bin Xu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Electronic Synergy of Atom Sites and Adjacent Defects for High‐Voltage Sodium‐Ion and Zinc‐Air Batteries

Anubha Yadav and Saikat Dutta

Small, 2025, 21
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Temperature effects on hard carbon derived from bio-frass as anode materials for Sodium ion batteries

Sanjay Babu, Hsuan-Wei Chi, S. Kishore Babu, Shu-Hui Liu, Jia-Yen Chen, Chun-Chuen Yang and Wei-Ren Liu

Materials Research Bulletin, 2026, 199, 114069
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Persulfate oxidation-driven precursor engineering for closed-pore-dominated biomass hard carbon toward high-capacity sodium storage

Jiebin Wang, Pingyang Li, Xiaokang Cheng, Zhao Cai, Bo Han and Qiang Gao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 147, 120157
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Unlocking High‐Energy, High‐Power, and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries Through Interfacial‐Functionalization‐Induced Sodium Rebalancing

Jinhan Teng, Luyu Lei, Kaibo Zhang, Qiangwang, Sicheng Liu, Fangmin Yang, Hao Li, Xin Tang and Jing Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Balancing Defects and Microcrystals in Carbon Anodes by Molecular Chemistry Method for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yong Zhang, Qi Yang, Yi Zhang, Puda Lu, Ziqiang Liu, Na Jiang, Keqi Qu, Zhengbing Ren, Zui Tao, Yifei Hou, Yongchao Tang, Jianli Wang and Jieshan Qiu

Small, 2025, 21
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Air‐Stabilization Creates Non‐Crosslinked Starch Particles for High‐Performance Hard Carbon Anodes

Yuke Shen, Yong Wang, Huan Li, Yu‐Shi He, Zi‐Feng Ma and Linsen Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Ethyl Acetate Vapor Induced Local Ordering in Hard Carbon for Stable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Wenjun Shi, Cheng Wang, Zhuang‐Chun Jian, Feng Wu, Guiyu Liu, Xueting Shen, Yongcong Huang, Yulin Cao, Fangchang Zhang, Xuhui Li, Baolin Liu, Yanfang Wang, Yingzhi Li, Zhenyu Wang, Hua Cheng and Zhouguang Lu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Innovative synthesis and sodium storage enhancement of closed-pore hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries

Weining Li, Junfeng Li, Bernard Wiafe Biney, Yingchun Yan, Xiaping Lu, Heng Li, He Liu, Wei Xia, Dong Liu, Kun Chen and Aijun Guo

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 74, 103867
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Molecular-level polymerization and crosslinking regulation strategies to optimize resin-derived hard carbon for sodium-ion storage

Sishi Li, Jiaqi Liu, Yandong Xie, Zhenyuan Miao, Ziqiang Fan, Yuecong Chen, Shiyin Xie, Yining Lao, Jian Zhu, Qingyun Dou and Xingbin Yan

Sci. China Chem., 2025, 68, 5703
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Microsized Sn-Hard Carbon Composite Anode with Capacities of 583 mAh g–1 and 1073 mAh cm–3 for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Xiang Gao, Zerui Yan, Lixin Lin, Huilong Liu, Yuting Song, Jiawei Guo, Yi Gong, Jianming Tao, Jiaxin Li, Guoqiang Zou, Yingbin Lin, Yunlong Zhao, Dong-liang Peng and Qiulong Wei

ACS Energy Lett., 2026, 11, 1916
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Molecular engineering of pore structure/interfacial functional groups toward hard carbon anode in sodium-ion batteries

Yu Liu, Jian Yin, Ruiyao Wu, Hu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Ruiqiang Huo, Jingxin Zhao, Kai-Yang Zhang, Jiao Yin, Xing-Long Wu and Hui Zhu

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104008
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Porous Hard Carbon Derived from Indian Trumpet Flower Seeds as a High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

Weijie Liang, Chongwei Weng, Le Wang, Jinbei Zhan, Hui Zhang, Yefeng Feng, Deping Xiong, Zuyong Feng and Miao He

Langmuir, 2025, 41, 12176
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Unlocking plateau capacity of coal-derived hard carbon with tailored microcrystal structure via induced-catalytic engineering for sodium-ion batteries

Fengcui Cheng, Meiyun Wang, Zhicheng Ju, Jiangmin Jiang, Yaowen Xing and Xiahui Gui

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 519, 165512
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Carboxyl‐Guided Ultrafine Zinc‐Acetate Templating Enables Closed‐Pore Engineering in Coal‐Derived Hard Carbon Anodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Jialiang Yuan, Guokan Liu, Chi Wang, Fang Wan, Lang Qiu, Bo Yuan, Tingru Chen and Zhenguo Wu

Advanced Science, 2026, 13
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Amorphous carbon-anchored SnS2 microspheres constructed from ultrathin nanosheets for high initial coulombic efficiency anodes in sodium-ion batteries

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Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 541, 147350
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Correlating storage mechanism and solid electrolyte interphase kinetics for high-rate performance of hard carbon anode in ether electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

Sanchita Manna, Prakhar Verma and Sreeraj Puravankara

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 631, 236234
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Carboxyl-induced microcrystalline regulation of petroleum coke-based carbon anode materials for enhanced sodium storage

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Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 634, 236505
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Regulation of the pyrolysis process of precursors for biomass-based hard carbons to optimize the sodium storage performance and scalable production

Xunhui Lei, Lei Zhang, Xueyi Guo, Qinghua Tian and Ying Yang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 151, 120440
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Enhancing electric field intensity of interfacial electric double layer to improve properties of solid electrolyte interface for sodium-ion batteries

Dongni Zhao, Yanjun Zhao, Peng Wang, Junwei Zhang, Jinlong Sun, Ling Hu, Junfei Zhou, Hui Wang, Yijie Yao and Shiyou Li

Applied Surface Science, 2025, 679, 161202
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Micropore-modulated graphitization for the construction of high-capacity hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries

Zhihua Duan, Xiaoji Ye, Jingxun Chen, Jieqi Chen, Jiakun Li and Zhenghui Li

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 114, 115674
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PTFE‐Activated Graphene Overcomes Dispersion Challenges for Scalable Solvent‐Free Fabrication of Ultra‐Thick, High‐Performance Cathodes in Lithium Metal Batteries

Juhee Yoon, Dong Hyuk Kang, Sangmin Shin, Suyoung Yoo, Hyemin Kim, Jin‐Kyun Lee, Hyoung‐Joon Jin and Young Soo Yun

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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From acorn to microporous carbon for sustainable sodium-ion battery

Alejandro Medina, Saúl Rubio, Pedro Lavela, José L. Tirado and R. Alcántara

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2025, 980, 118988
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Constructing Heterojunction Interfaces of Bismuth-Antimony Alloys with Bimetallic Sulfide for Ultrafast Sodium-Ion Storage

Zhaoyu Tang, Zhikang Qin, Chen Wang, Tengfei Wang, Junchun Li, Jingting Yang, Guoqing Tong and Yang Jiang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 83, 104747
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KSCN molten salt synthesis of hierarchical MoS2/NPC for rapid and durable sodium storage

Zhuzhu Du, Zhenkai Zhou, Zhao Ying and Wei Ai

Carbon, 2024, 230, 119638
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Constructing N, B co-doped carbon nanosheets with pyridine N–B sites for boosting sodium-ion storage

Tiantian Zhang, Tian Tian, Shengxu Kuai, Lu Yang, Lei Liu, Juan Yang and Dongfei Sun

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2025, 162
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Catalyst‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Engineering of Hard Carbon with Abundant Closed Pores for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Wenjie Deng, Yida Wang, Zhihao Chen, Huijuan Huang, Chunhua Chen, Bicai Pan, Yaxiong Yang, Shengnan He, Hongge Pan, Hai Yang and Yan Yu

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Elucidation of the Sodium-Ion Storage Behaviors in Hard Carbon Anodes through Pore Architecture Engineering

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ACS Nano, 2025, 19, 22201
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Nitrogen-enriched, hierarchical porous carbon anodes for high-rate and durable sodium storage

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Chemical Engineering Science, 2025, 305, 121194
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Alkali-tailored walnut shell hard carbon anodes with synergistic pore-kinetics optimization for sodium-ion batteries

Shaowen Huang, Bojian Fan, Yingshuai Wang, Kunyu Zhao, Hexiao Zhang, Ying Zhang, Feng Wu and Hongcai Gao

Electrochimica Acta, 2026, 553, 148302
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Single-atom incorporated hard carbon for atomic interface engineering of sodium-ion batteries

Anubha Yadav and Saikat Dutta

Materials Today Energy, 2026, 57, 102230
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Double functionalization strategy: Using acetate metal salt as medium to optimize hard carbon

Junjie Huang, Sicheng Liu, Enmin Li, Binghan Dai, Tianming Lu, Jinhan Teng, Yue Wu, Xin Tang, Luyu Lei, Dongdong Yin, Kaibo Zhang and Jing Li

Carbon, 2025, 234, 119981
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Recent Advances, Key Strategies, and Challenges in Fast‐Charging Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Regulating the pseudo graphitic layers to generate closed pores in biomass derived hard carbon anode for ultrafast-charging sodium ion batteries

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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 524, 168992
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Ultrathin Al2O3‐Coated Biomass Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries via a Synergistic Storage Mechanism

Junjun Zhou, Xiaofan Shi, Yanwen Song, Huilin Huang, Lei Wang, Yuhui Zhai, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Xuejing Qiu, Hongjun Chen, Yuling Wang, Guangshan Zhu, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

Carbon Energy, 2026, 8
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Effect of the Intrinsic Structure of Natural Microcrystalline Graphite on Lithium Storage Performance

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Batteries & Supercaps, 2026, 9
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Reinventing the High‐rate Energy Storage of Hard Carbon: the Order‐degree Governs the Trade‐off of Desolvation‐Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Interfaces

Meiqi Liu, Zhou Jiang, Xiangyu Wu, Fuxi Liu, Wenwen Li, Detian Meng, Aofei Wei, Ping Nie, Wei Zhang and Weitao Zheng

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Metal Ion Catalysis within Hard Carbon Synthesis and Electrode Interface Engineering for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Xiaoyue Ma, Ping Zhang, Xin Feng, Chao Yang, Ying Li, Feng Wu, Chuan Wu and Ying Bai

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Ternary deep eutectic solvent-Mediated rapid extraction of highly crystalline cellulose enabling closed-Pore regeneration of hard carbon anode for ultrafast sodium storage

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Carbon, 2025, 243, 120594
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Synergistic regulation of closed pore architecture and interface engineering in hard carbon for high energy density sodium-ion batteries

Zhaoxin Yu, Xue Li, Ning Sun, He Chen, Razium Ali Soomro and Bin Xu

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 82, 104612
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Simple and cost-effective method for engineering tunable defects and functional groups for high-performance coal-derived hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries

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Achieving both large plateau capacity and high ICE of hard carbon via multi-steps of micropores tuning for high performance sodium ion batteries

Xiaoxia Chen, Lianghui Chen, Jianhui Chen, Ben Liu, Guiming Zhong, Yu Ma, Jun Yang, Xinxin Zhang, Yanna Nuli and Chuying Ouyang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 529, 172763
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MOF-derived Na3V2(PO4)3-carbon@graphene fibers for flexible fiber-shaped sodium ion battery

Xiaoxuan Ma, He Zhang, Ying Liu, Wenning Yan, Chao Chen and Kun Zhang

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2024, 975, 118740
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Tuning the Mesopore Structure of Polyethylene Glycol Terephthalate (PET)-Derived Hard Carbon for High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

Chupeng Wang, Mingsheng Luo, Shiqi Song, Maochong Tang, Xiaoxia Wang and Hui Liu

Materials, 2025, 18, 1166
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Curvature engineering unlocks low-potential sodium storage in hard carbon

Zhipeng Cao, Ru Wang, Liluo Shi, Nannan Guo, Rui Zhou, Xia Qiu, Yirong Wang, Quanchao Zhuang, Zhicheng Ju, Yan Song and Yaxin Chen

Carbon, 2026, 248, 121182
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Engineering Pseudo-Graphite-Dominated Hard Carbon as Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 4342
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Manipulating Closed‐Pore Formation and Homogeneous SEI of Hard Carbon Anodes for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage

Zhanxu Zheng, Bingying Pei, Dazhi Shen, Haiqing Yu, Lei Zhang, Xinxin Cao and Shuquan Liang

Small, 2025, 21
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Precursor engineering through enzyme-mediated crosslinking for high-performance hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries

Dekui Zhang, Dan Yang, Hao Ai and Kaifeng Du

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 530, 173317
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Tailoring the pore architecture of cotton stalk-derived hard carbon by oxygen functional groups for enhanced sodium storage plateau capacity

Hongyu Ning, Yonghui Zhang, Dongjiao Wang, Qingxuan Geng, Qingwei Li, Paul K. Chu and Kaifu Huo

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 527, 171692
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Microcrystalline cellulose-derived hard carbon for robust and low-potential sodium storage

Chen Sun, Fei Gao, Jun-Yang Wu, Yiqiao Yang and Qiang Sun

Carbon, 2025, 232, 119771
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Highly reactive phloroglucinol-crosslinked glucose-derived hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries

Shangjun Zhang, Xiang Gao, Longlong Guo, Nuo Chen, Yuehang Han, Peng Zhang, Wensheng Gao and Yongxiao Bai

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 533, 174298
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Tuning Microstructures of Hard Carbon Anode by Rapid Pre-foaming Strategy for Superhigh-Rate Sodium-ion Storage Performance in Low-plateau Region

Prof. Zhihua Xiao, Zechen Li, Yankun Sun, Fangzhi Zheng, Chong Xu, Dong Sun, Shuang Liu, Bo Sun, Ziang Wang, Sijia Liao, Taoyuan Pan, Qiang Ye, Tao Li, Prof. Chunming Xu and Prof. Yongfeng Li

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 78, 104283
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Enabling ultrafast Na+ diffusion kinetics via short-range-ordered and few-layered pitch-derived hard carbon towards high-rate sodium-ion batteries

Zhi Wang, Honglin Zhang, Wei Gao, Yulin Bai, Dongzheng Wu, Xiaochuan Duan and Xian-Ming Zhang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 83, 104740
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Reconfiguring Terminal Species of Bituminous Coal to Steer Hard Carbon toward High‐Capacity and Fast Sodium Storage

Yaxin Huang, Zhidong Hou, Jianfang Wang, Yongli Li, Ting Ma, Ding Nan, Chunguang Wei and Jian‐Gan Wang

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Structure reconstruction strategy for controlled pore closure via surface coating in coal-based hard carbon for enhancing sodium storage performance

Guokan Liu, Jialiang Yuan, Zhuangzhi Li, Haoyu Li, Chi Wang, Zeng Zeng, Changyan Hu, Jiangong Yang, Bo Yuan, Jie Zhang and Zhenguo Wu

Carbon, 2025, 235, 120085
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Biomass-derived hard carbon anodes: From structural engineering to industrial sodium-ion battery applications

Shuang Jia, Bo Zhang, Jiawei Gao, Guanhua Jin, Yaru Wang, Dan Sun, Tianyang Sun, Haiyan Wang, Xingsheng Li and Shouzhu Li

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104420
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Unveiling a two-stage closed-pore formation mechanism in bamboo-derived hard carbons for high-plateau-capacity sodium-ion battery anodes

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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 521, 167011
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Carbonyl-functionalized PVAC binder stabilizes hard carbon anodes via interfacial passivation for high-initial-coulombic efficiency Na-ion storage

Yong Chen, Shurong Xu, Guangyong Peng, Min Zhao, Yuhan Zhou, Yi Zeng, HanBing He, Yan Zhang and Jing Zeng

Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 662, 238727
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Nano‐Restricted Structures in Hard Carbon Anodes: Mechanisms and Optimization

Zhenqi Song, Suhua Chen, Xiaosong Xiong, Ke Wang, Gaoming Sun, Yanjiao Ma, Ying Bai, Yuan Ma and Yuping Wu

Small Methods, 2025, 9
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Lowering Energy Barriers of Free Radicals Facilitates Defect‐Suppressed Carbon Layers of Hard Carbon

Yilin Wang, Zonglin Yi, Shengbin Zhang, Yixuan Mao, Li Li, Hao Liu, Zhanjun Liu, Lijing Xie and Fangyuan Su

Small, 2025, 21
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Achieving a High Plateau Capacity in Pitch-Based Carbon Anodes via Dual-Step Pre-Oxidation for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Jiayao Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Hongchuan Zhang, Liewen Guo, Wensheng Chen, Chunfeng Duan, Wenhui Sun, Lantao Liu, Qian Xu, Weiwei Pang and Huaihe Song

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2026, 18, 3731
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Pre-intercalated Sodium Ions Enhance Sodium Storage of MoS2 Anode by Mitigating Structural Dissociation

Mingjun Cen, Rui Yan, Xinyu Luo, Huibin Liu, Bin Chen, Shuya Zhang, Wenchao Peng, Yang Li, Qicheng Zhang and Xiaobin Fan

Nano Lett., 2025, 25, 1984
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Revealing Effect of Aggregation Structure of Plant Precursors on Rate Performance of Carbon Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Low-temperature carbonization strategy enables slope-dominated sodium storage in biomass-derived hard carbons

Hong Qin, Shuang Wang, Haitao Wang, Da Cui, HongPeng Liu, Lidong Zhang, Shuo Pan, Jingru Bai and Qing Wang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 150, 120319
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Revealing Low-Voltage Li/Na/K storage in hard carbon Anodes: Insertion or Pore-Filling under debate

Yirong Wang, Yaxin Chen, Jianzhen Xiong, Xia Qiu, Liang Dong, Jiangmin Jiang, Xiangkai Kong, Quanchao Zhuang and Zhicheng Ju

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 499, 156080
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Practical and Versatile Sodium‐Ion Batteries Realized With Nitrile‐Based Electrolytes

Gaopan Liu, Kai Zhang, Yongjie Cao, Runqiao Hou, Yonggang Wang, Xiaoli Dong and Yongyao Xia

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
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Advancing sustainable energy storage: Harnessing coal-based hard carbon as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Xue Wang, Xin Wen, Chunrong He, Wei Song, Xinyue Chen, Ting Wang and Penggao Liu

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Modulating Interfacial Solvent Aggregation Chemistry to Enable Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Battery

Jiale Zheng, Jinze Wang, Ruhong Li, Chuangchao Sun, Sen Jiang, Di Lu, Baochen Ma, Lixin Chen, Xinyong Tao, Tao Deng and Xiulin Fan

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Insight into the Na-ion storage mechanism of N, O, P groups in the open hollow carbon microspheres for high performance sodium storage

Shifei Huang, Yuan Liu, Liqiu Shi and Yao Lv

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Insights into the Dynamical Sodium Occupancy Evolution and Rate-Limiting Steps in Hard Carbon

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J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 39537
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Hard carbon engineering via pyrolysis heating rate: tailoring amorphous and porous structure for highly reversible sodium-ion storage

Rutong Yang, Jian Yin, Yu Liu, Hu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Ruiqiang Huo, Chen Yang, Danfeng Li, Jiao Yin, Feng Yu and Hui Zhu

Carbon, 2026, 249, 121238
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O‐Targeted Carbon Hybrid Orbital Conversion to Produce sp2‐Rich Closed Pores for Sodium‐Storage Hard Carbon

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Regulating interfacial adsorption via hierarchical dual-coating for homogeneous LiF-rich SEI and long-cycling Si/C anodes

Na Hong, Nian Li, Yanping Song, Shuai Han, Shudong Zhang, Zhao Li, Jun Kang, Cui Liu, Shihao Wang, Min Xi, Yongfeng Wang and Zhenyang Wang

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2026, 310, 113156
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Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Optimized Pseudo-graphitic Domains and Closed Pores for High-Performance Sodium Storage

Jia Song, Zhenzhu Wang, Jinshu Zhang, Chaozhong Liu, Meijuan Liu, Xinxing Ma, Xianjie Wang, Tai Yao, Zheng Chen, Lizhi Li, Jiheng Zhang, Siping Tan and Bo Song

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Hydrothermal Carbonization-Assisted Synthesis of Starch-Derived N/P-Doped Hollow Hard Carbon Microspheres for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Energy Fuels, 2026, 40, 894
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Reconfiguring Terminal Species of Bituminous Coal to Steer Hard Carbon toward High‐Capacity and Fast Sodium Storage

Yaxin Huang, Zhidong Hou, Jianfang Wang, Yongli Li, Ting Ma, Ding Nan, Chunguang Wei and Jian‐Gan Wang

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Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Hard Carbon with Expanded Interlayer Distance as an Effective Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Rajib Samanta, Sayak Roy and Sudip Barman

Energy Fuels, 2024, 38, 19867
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Synergistic effects of P-functionalization and localized graphitization in sustainable hard carbon for enhanced sodium and potassium storage

Jie Song, Shuai Jiang, Yujue Wang, Yan Meng, Dan Xiao, Qian Zhao, Xicui Zhang and Bin He

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Na-ion storage performance of graphite and nanocarbons: Na-diglyme co-intercalation into graphene nanosheets

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Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 660, 238410
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Bicontinuous Structure Mediated Microstructural Engineering of Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium Storage

Chen Tang, Wenwei Zhang, Yixiao Zhang, Qinyou An, Fugui Xu, Guoxiu Wang and Yiyong Mai

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A dual-confinement strategy based on encapsulated Ni-CoS2 in CNTs with few-layer MoS2 scaffolded in rGO for boosting sodium storage via rapid electron/ion transports

Yu Su, Xin-Yu Liu, Ruyao Zhang, Shilin Zhang, Jingqiang Wang, Yu-Dan Qian, Zhuang-Chun Jian, Yan-Fang Zhu, Jian-Feng Mao, Sailong Xu, Shixue Dou and Yao Xiao

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Cu+ optimizes the FeHCF coordination environment to enhance high-voltage energy storage

Zu-Tao Pan, Yao Xu and Ling-Bin Kong

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Sustainable Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Precursor Design and Scalable Production Roadmaps

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Synergistic Dual‐Engineering of Hard Carbons via Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Enabling Ultrahigh ICE Sodium‐Ion Batteries through Edge Passivation and Catalytic SEI Design

Gang Huang, Jie Hu, Zhikang Wang, Fan Gao, Yuhan Zhou, Shihui Fu, Yuru Wang, Zhoutai Shang, Caiqin Gao, Longbo Luo, Yuan Chen and Yanqing Wang

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Steric Hindrance Engineering to Modulate the Closed Pores Formation of Polymer‐Derived Hard Carbon for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Growth space engineering of closed pores in hard carbon for low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

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Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104415
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Hyper‐Crosslinking to Customize Ultrathin‐Wall Closed Pores in Pitch‐Derived Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Nan Lan, Jingyi Li, Li Zeng, Dan Luo, Dayue Du, Xiaolong Li, Hanna He and Chuhong Zhang

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Fractal dimension revealed from SAXS as a descriptor of structural disorder in hard carbon anodes of sodium ion battery

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Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 111124
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Hard carbon composites as high performance anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries: Advances and perspectives

Yafei Zhang, Yu Cheng and Jiachang Zhao

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Nanoconfined Strategy Optimizing Hard Carbon for Robust Sodium Storage

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Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14
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Ultrahigh‐Capacity Sodium Storage in Long‐range Ordered Expanded Flake Graphite: Insights into the Underlying Mechanism

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Reinventing the High‐rate Energy Storage of Hard Carbon: the Order‐degree Governs the Trade‐off of Desolvation‐Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Interfaces

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Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Crosslinked starch-derived hard carbon with abundant closed pores for enhanced plateau capacity in sodium-ion storage

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Carbon, 2026, 247, 121020
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Role of sodium sulfate in electrical conductivity and structure of lignin-derived carbons

Seth Kane, David B. Hodge, Brian Saulnier, Villő Enikő Bécsy-Jakab, Dilara N. Dülger and Cecily Ryan

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2024, 181, 106600
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Concurrent multifactorial engineering of closed-pore hard carbon architectures with optimized crystallographic spacing for advanced sodium storage

Xin Hu, Zongtao Qu, Yao Dai and Shushen Lyu

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 655, 237978
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Nitrogen‐Doped Hard Carbon Anode from Redwood Biomass for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Enhanced Rate Capability

Jiejun Huang, Liang Liu, Qinghua Fan, Shifu Li, Hong Cui and Jiantie Xu

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Cellulose-grafting boosted pyrolysis nucleation: Achieving low-temperature construction of hard carbon anodes with long low-voltage plateau and ultrafast Na storage kinetics

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Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104031
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Sequential Dual‐Phase Oxidation Engineered Structure of Pitch‐Derived Hard Carbon towards Improved Sodium‐Ion Storage

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