Rapid electrochemical sensing of arsenic-based feed additive using a neodymium orthovanadate-modified electrode: a tool for minimizing arsenic exposure-linked kidney and cardiovascular health risks

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated, with hypertension and diabetes being major risk factors for CKD progression. Arsenic exposure from contaminated food and water further increases these risks by contributing to renal and cardiovascular toxicity. Roxarsone (RAS), a pentavalent arsenic-based feed additive widely used in poultry farming, leads to arsenic contamination in poultry litter. When used as fertilizer, this contamination spreads toxic arsenic species into agricultural soil and surface water. In this study, neodymium vanadate (NdVO₄) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and employed for the electrochemical detection of RAS. The NdVO₄-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited enhanced conductivity, fast electron transfer, and a large electroactive surface area. The sensor showed a low charge transfer resistance, a detection limit of 0.002 μM, and a wide linear range from 0.01 to 191.04 μM. It was successfully applied to detect RAS in real food and environmental samples, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing arsenic exposure-related health risks.